Cooking apple
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A cooking apple or culinary apple is an apple that is used primarily for cooking, as opposed to a dessert apple, which is eaten raw. Cooking apples are generally larger, and can be tarter than dessert varieties. Some varieties have a firm flesh that does not break down much when cooked. Culinary varieties with a high acid content produce froth when cooked, which is desirable for some recipes.<ref name="Geissler">Template:Cite book</ref> Britain grows a large range of apples specifically for cooking. Worldwide, dual-purpose varieties (for both cooking and eating raw) are more widely grown.
There are many apples that have been cultivated to have the firmness and tartness desired for cooking. Yet each variety of apple has unique qualities and categories such as "cooking" or "eating" are suggestive, rather than exact.
How an apple will perform once cooked is tested by simmering a half inch wedge in water until tender, then prodding to see if its shape is intact. The apple can then be tasted to see how its flavour has been maintained and if sugar should be added.<ref name="Waters_Alice">Template:Cite book</ref>
Apples can be cooked down into sauce, apple butter, or fruit preserves. They can be baked in an oven and served with custard, and made into pies or apple crumble. In the UK roast pork is commonly served with cold apple sauce made from boiled and mashed apples.
A baked apple is baked in an oven until it has become soft. The core is usually removed before baking and the resulting cavity stuffed with fruits, brown sugar, raisins, or cinnamon, and sometimes a liquor such as brandy. An apple dumpling adds a pastry crust.
John Claudius Loudon wrote in 1842:<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
HistoryEdit
Popular cooking apples in US, in the late 19th century:
Tart varieties: Template:Div col
- Duchess of Oldenburg
- Fallawater
- Gravenstein
- Horse
- Keswick Codlin
- Red Astrachan
- Rhode Island Greening
- Tetofsky
Sweet varieties: Template:Div col
- Golden Sweet
- Maverack Sweet
- Peach Pound Sweet
- Tolman Sweet
- Willis Sweet<ref name="Downing">Template:Cite book</ref>
Popular cooking apples in early 20th century England: Template:Div col
- Alfriston
- Beauty of Kent
- Bismark
- Bramley
- Cox Pomona
- Dumelow
- Ecklinville
- Emneth Early
- Golden Noble
- Grenadier
- Lord Grosvenor
- Lord Derby
- Newton Wonder
- Stirling Castle
- Warner's King<ref name="Bunyard">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Cooking apple cultivarsEdit
D = Dual purpose (table + cooking); Cooking result:<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> P = puree, K = keeps shape Template:Div col
- Alfriston P
- Allington K
- Annie Elizabeth K
- Antonovka P
- Arthur Turner P
- Baldwin
- Ballyfatten
- Bancroft
- Baron Ward<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Beacon
- Beauty of Kent P
- Belle de Boskoop K
- Bismarck apple P
- Black Amish D<ref name="Fertig1"/>
- Black Twig D
- Blenheim Orange<ref name="Thomas"/> P - K
- Bloody Ploughman
- Bountiful
- Braeburn K
- Bramley<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> P
- Crab apple (primarily for jelly)
- Burr Knot P
- Byflett Seedling P
- Byford Wonder K
- Calville Blanc d'hiver K
- Calville Rouge d´automne K
- Calville Rouge d´hiver P
- Campanino
- Carlisle Codlin P
- Carolina Red June
- Carter's Blue
- Catshead P
- Cellini P
- Charles Ross K
- Chelmsford Wonder P
- Cockle Pippin P
- Colloggett Pippin P - K
- 'Cortland' D
- Coul Blush
- Cox Pomona P - K
- Custard
- Danziger Kantapfel K
- Duchess of Oldenburg
- Dudley Winter
- Dumelow's Seedling P
- Edward VII<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> P
- Emneth Early
- Esopus Spitzenburg D
- Fallawater
- Flower of Kent
- Galloway K
- Gennet Moyle
- George Neal
- Glockenapfel
- Ginger Gold
- Golden Noble
- Golden Pippin
- Golden Reinette P - K
- Golden Sweet
- Gragg
- Gravenstein<ref name="Platt"/>
- Granny Smith D
- Greenup´s Pippin P
- Grenadier
- Hambledon Deux Ans P - K
- Harrison Cider Apple
- Hawthornden P
- Howgate Wonder K
- Irish Peach
- Isaac Newton
- James Grieve D
- Jonathan D
- Jumbo
- Keswick Codlin P
- King of the Pippins K D
- Landsberger Reinette
- Lane's Prince Albert<ref name="Thomas"/> P
- Lodi<ref name="Platt"/>
- Lord Derby P
- Lowell
- Maiden Blush
- Malinda
- McIntosh D<ref name="Dutch_Kills">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- My Jewel
- Newell-Kimzey (aka Airlie Red Flesh)
- Newton Wonder P
- Nickajack
- Norfolk Biffin K
- Northern greening<ref name="Weathers"/>
- Northern Spy<ref name="Platt"/>
- Oldenburg
- Paulared D
- Peasgood's Nonsuch P - K
- Pink Lady D
- Pinova
- Porter's
- Pott's Seedling
- Pumpkin Sweet apple
- Queen P
- Red Astrachan
- Red Prince
- Reverend W. Wilks P
- Rhode Island Greening
- Rome Beauty<ref name="Platt"/><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
- Sandow<ref name="Platt"/>
- Scotch Bridget
- Scotch Dumpling
- Schoolmaster P
- Stirling Castle P
- Smokehouse
- Snow apple (aka Fameuse)<ref name="Platt"/>
- Spartan
- Stayman
- Stirling Castle P
- Surprise K
- Tetofsky
- Tickled Pink
- Tolman Sweet
- Tom Putt
- Topaz
- Transparante de Croncels K
- Twenty Ounce K
- Wagener
- Warner's King P
- Wealthy D
- White Melrose
- White Transparent
- Winesap K D
- Wolf River <ref>Template:Cite book</ref> K
- York Imperial D