Cosmos (plant)
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Automatic taxobox
Cosmos is a genus, with the same common name of cosmos, consisting of flowering plants in the daisy family.<ref>Cavanilles, Antonio José. 1791. Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 1(1): 9–10, pl. 14</ref><ref>Tropicos, Cosmos Cav.</ref>
NameEdit
The generic name Cosmos derives either from the Greek κόσμος (cosmos) '(ordered) world' -in reference to the neat, orderly arrangement of the floral structures <ref>Harvesting History https://harvesting-history.com/cosmos/#:~:text=The%20name%2C%20Cosmos%2C%20comes%20from,arrangement%20of%20the%20plant's%20petals. Retrieved at 23.02 on Saturday 27/7/24.</ref> - or the Greek κόσμημα (kósmima) 'jewel' - in reference to the jewel-like colors of the capitula (composite flowers).<ref>The joy of plants https://www.thejoyofplants.co.uk/cosmos Retrieved at 23.19 on Saturday 27/7/24.</ref>
DescriptionEdit
Cosmos are herbaceous perennial plants or annual plants growing Template:Convert tall. The leaves are simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, and arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are produced in a capitulum with a ring of broad ray florets and a center of disc florets; flower color varies noticeably between the different species. The genus includes several ornamental plants popular in gardens. Numerous hybrids and cultivars have been selected and named.
DistributionEdit
Cosmos species are native to scrub and meadowland in the Americas, from Colorado and Missouri in the United States, extending south through Mexico (where highest species diversity occurs, with 33 of the 35 species) and Central America to South America as far south as northern Argentina.<ref name="POWO"/>
SpeciesEdit
Accepted species: 35 species are accepted by Kew's Plants of the World Online,<ref name="POWO"/> with two more listed by the Compositae Working Group.<ref name=GCD_1076796>Template:Cite GCD</ref> Template:Div col
- Cosmos atrosanguineus (Hook.) Voss
- Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
- Cosmos carvifolius Benth.
- Cosmos caudatus Kunth
- Cosmos concolor Sherff
- Cosmos crithmifolius Kunth
- Cosmos deficiens (Sherff) Melchert
- Cosmos diversifolius Otto ex Knowles & Westc.
- Cosmos herzogii Sherff (treated by POWO as Bidens herzogii (Sherff) D.J.N.Hind)<ref name="POWO"/>
- Cosmos intercedens Sherff
- Cosmos jaliscensis Sherff
- Cosmos juxtlahuacensis Panero & Villaseñor
- Cosmos landii Sherff
- Cosmos linearifolius (Sch.Bip.) Hemsl.
- Cosmos longipetiolatus Melchert
- Cosmos mattfeldii Sherff
- Cosmos mcvaughii Sherff
- Cosmos microcephalus Sherff (unplaced by POWO)<ref name="POWO"/>
- Cosmos modestus Sherff
- Cosmos montanus Sherff
- Cosmos nelsonii B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos nitidus Paray
- Cosmos ochroleucoflorus Melchert
- Cosmos pacificus Melchert
- Cosmos palmeri B.L.Rob.
- Cosmos parviflorus (Jacq.) Pers.
- Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd.
- Cosmos pringlei B.L.Rob. & Fernald
- Cosmos pseudoperfoliatus Art.Castro, Harker & Aarón Rodr.
- Cosmos purpureus (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.
- Cosmos ramirezianus Art.Castro, Harker & Aarón Rodr.
- Cosmos scabiosoides Kunth
- Cosmos schaffneri Sherff
- Cosmos sessilis Sherff
- Cosmos sherffii Melchert
- Cosmos steenisiae Veldkamp
- Cosmos sulphureus Cav.
NaturalizationEdit
One species, C. bipinnatus, is naturalized across much of the eastern United States and eastern Canada.<ref>Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps</ref> The genus is also widespread over the high eastern plains of South Africa, where it was introduced via contaminated horsefeed during the Anglo-Boer War.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
GalleryEdit
- Cosmos scabiosoides.jpg
Cosmos scabiosoides in Puebla, Mexico
- Cosmos sulphureus - flower view 01.jpg
- Cosmos parviflorus.jpg
Cosmos parviflorus in Colorado
- Cosmos yellow orange.JPG
Kerala
- Gokayama Suganuma 五箇山菅沼地区 PA101521.jpg
Old house in Japan
- CosmosDSC 0005.JPG
- Cosmos-atrosanguineus.jpg
Cosmos atrosanguineus, the chocolate cosmos