Cottidae
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The Cottidae are a family of fish in the superfamily Cottoidea, the sculpins. It is the largest sculpin family, with about 275 species in 70 genera.<ref name=kane>Kane, E. A. and T. E. Higham. (2012). Life in the flow lane: differences in pectoral fin morphology suggest transitions in station-holding demand across species of marine sculpin. Template:Webarchive Zoology (Jena) 115(4), 223–32.</ref> They are referred to simply as cottids to avoid confusion with sculpins of other families.<ref name=kane/>
Cottids are distributed worldwide, especially in boreal and colder temperate climates.<ref name=kane/> The center of diversity is the northern Pacific Ocean.<ref name=kane/> Species occupy many types of aquatic habitats, including marine and fresh waters, and deep and shallow zones. A large number occur in near-shore marine habitat types, such as kelp forests and shallow reefs. They can be found in estuaries and in bodies of fresh water.<ref name=kane/>
Most cottids are small fish, under Template:Convert in length.<ref name=EoF>Template:Cite book</ref>
The earliest fossil remains of cottids are otoliths potentially assignable to Enophrys euglyphus from the Early Eocene-aged London Clay of England. The earliest known skeletal remains of cottids are of Cottus cervicornis (taxonomy uncertain) from the Early Oligocene of Belgium. Cottids become more common in the fossil record from the Miocene onwards.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
TaxonomyEdit
The Cottidae was first recognised as a taxonomic grouping by the French zoologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1831.<ref name = VDLEF/> The composition of the family and its taxonomic relationships have been the subject of some debate among taxonomists. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World retains a rather conservative classification, although it includes the families Comephoridae and Abbyssocottidae as subfamilies of the Cottidae recognising that these taxa are very closely related to some of the freshwater sculpins in the genus Cottus.<ref name = Nelson5/> Other workers have found that Cottidae is largely restricted to the freshwater sculpins, i.e. Cottus, Leptocottus, Mesocottus, Trachidermus, and the species flock in and around Lake Baikal, and the marine genera are placed in the Psychrolutidae.<ref name = S&B2014>Template:Cite journal</ref>
GeneraEdit
The genera of the family include:<ref name = Nelson5>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name = CofF>Template:Cof family</ref>
- Subfamily Cottinae Bonaparte, 1831
- Alcichthys Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Andriashevicottus Fedorov, 1990
- Antipodocottus Bolin, 1952
- Archistes Jordan & Gilbert, 1898
- Argyrocottus Herzenstein, 1892
- Artediellichthys Fedorov, 1973
- Artediellina Taranetz, 1941
- Artedielloides Soldatov, 1922
- Artediellus Jordan, 1885
- Artedius Girard, 1856
- Ascelichthys Jordan & Gilbert, 1880
- Asemichthys Gilbert, 1912
- Astrocottus Bolin, 1936
- Atopocottus Bolin, 1936
- Bero Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Bolinia Yabe, 1991
- Chitonotus Lockington, 1879
- Clinocottus Gill, 1861
- Cottiusculus Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Cottocomephorus Pellegrin, 1900
- Cottus Linnaeus, 1758
- Daruma Jordan & Starks 1904
- Enophrys Swainson, 1839
- Furcina Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Gymnocanthus Swainson, 1839
- Icelinus Jordan, 1885
- Icelus Krøyer, 1845
- †Kerocottus Kimmel, 1975 (fossil; late Neogene of Oregon, USA)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
- Leiocottus Girard, 1856
- Leocottus Palmer, 1961
- Lepidobero K. J. Qin & X. B. Jin, 1992
- Leptocottus Girard, 1854
- Megalocottus Gill, 1861
- Mesocottus Gratzianov, 1907
- Micrenophrys Andriashev, 1954
- Microcottus Schmidt, 1940
- Myoxocephalus Tilesius, 1811
- Ocynectes Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Oligocottus Girard 1856
- Orthonopias Starks & Mann, 1911
- Paracottus Taliev, 1949
- Phallocottus Schultz, 1938
- Phasmatocottus Bolin, 1936
- Porocottus Gill, 1859
- Pseudoblennius Temminck & Schlegel, 1850
- Radulinopsis Soldatov & Lindberg, 1930
- Radulinus Gilbert, 1890
- Rastrinus Jordan & Evermann, 1896
- Ricuzenius Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Ruscarius Jordan & Starks, 1895
- Sigmistes Rutter, 1898″
- Stelgistrum Jordan & Gilbert, 1898
- Stlengis Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Synchirus Bean, 1890
- Taurocottus Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1915
- Taurulus Gratzianov, 1907
- Trachidermis Heckel, 1837
- Thyriscus Gilbert & Burke, 1912
- Trichocottus Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1915
- Triglops Reinhardt, 1830
- Vellitor Jordan & Starks, 1904
- Zesticelus Jordan & Evermann, 1896
- subfamily Comephorinae Bonaparte, 1850
- Comephorus Lacépède, 1800
- subfamily Abyssocottinae Berg, 1907
- Abyssocottus Berg, 1906
- Asprocottus Berg, 1906
- Batrachocottus Berg, 1903
- Cyphocottus Sideleva, 2003
- Cottinella Berg, 1907
- Limnocottus Berg, 1906
- Neocottus Sideleva, 1982
- Procottus Gratzianov, 1902