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David Manners

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:Other people|otherPeople}} Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox person David Joseph Manners (born Rauff de Ryther Duan Acklom; April 30, 1900 – December 23, 1998) was a Canadian-American actor who played John Harker in Tod Browning's 1931 horror classic Dracula, which starred Bela Lugosi in the title role.<ref name="PaceNYT">Pace, Eric (1999). "David Manners, 98; Menaced on Screen by Lugosi", obituary, The New York Times, January 3, 1999. Retrieved August 21, 2017.</ref> The following year, Manners portrayed the archaeologist Frank Whemple in The Mummy (1932), another pre-Code thriller by Universal Pictures.

Early lifeEdit

David Joseph Manners (originally Rauff De Ryther Duan Acklom) was born in Canada at 108 Tower Road in Halifax, Nova Scotia on April 30, 1900.<ref name="HalifaxBirth"/> He was the younger child and only son of British parents, writer George Moreby Acklom and Lilian (or Lillian) Manners, as well as being the nephew of Cecil Ryther Acklom, a senior officer in the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. He had an elder sister, Dorothea Cecily Acklom (later Mrs. Hall; 1898–1972).<ref name="HalifaxBirth"/><ref>The spelling of Lilian Manners Acklom's first name varies in official documents throughout her life. It is spelled "Lillian" in David Manners (Rauff Acklom)'s original Halifax birth registration, on original enumeration pages of the United States Census of 1920 and 1930, on his 1929 marriage certificate, and on a 1926 ship's passenger list for a transatlantic trip between the United States and England. It is also spelled "Lilian" in the 1910 federal census and on her 1962 California death certificate.</ref><ref name="Norris">Norris, John (2000). "The Life and Films of David Manners", biography of David Manners (1900-1998) at "The David Manners Website". Retrieved August 21, 2017.</ref> His father, in Halifax, was then the headmaster of Harrow House School, a prestigious private boarding school for boys.<ref name="HalifaxBirth"/> Eight years later, in 1907, Rauff, his mother, and his older sister left Canada and emigrated to the United States to join his father, who had emigrated during the previous year and secured a job as a literary advisor for E.P. Dutton, a publishing company in New York.<ref name="1910 Census">"The Thirteenth Census of the United States: 1910", enumeration date April 26, 1910, Mount Vernon City, Westchester County, New York. A digital image of the original census page is available at FamilySearch. Retrieved August 21, 2017.</ref> By 1910 the entire Acklom family was living at 108 Hillside Avenue in Mount Vernon, New York, a northern suburb of New York City.<ref name="1910 Census"/>

The Ackloms by January 1920 had relocated again, then to West 123rd Street in Manhattan, where 19-year-old Manners (still Rauff) continued to reside with his parents. He was employed as an assistant publisher and seemed destined to repeat his father's own career choice and live out his life as an editor and publisher.<ref name="1920Census">"The Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920", enumeration date January 3, 1920, New York City County, New York. FamilySearch. Retrieved January 3, 1920. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</ref> Soon, perhaps in an effort to chart an entirely different course for himself professionally, Manners stopped working as an assistant publisher and returned to Canada to study forestry at the University of Toronto. He found the curriculum there boring; however, he was attracted to stage work on campus. After receiving some drama training, he made his acting debut in 1924 at the school's Hart House Theater in Euripides' play Hippolytus.<ref name="PaceNYT"/>

Despite his father's objections, Manners continued to pursue an entertainment career when he came back to the United States. Before long he was performing in theaters in Chicago, on Broadway, and elsewhere after joining Basil Sydney's Touring Company and later Eva Le Gallienne's Civic Repertory Company in New York.<ref name="PaceNYT"/><ref name="Norris"/> During his time, before he moved to Hollywood at the beginning of the sound era in films, he obtained additional training under Le Gallienne, even though she had remarked that he was "a very bad actor" after seeing one of his performances. Manners in this period also appeared on the New York stage with Helen Hayes, with whom he co-starred in Edgar Selwyn and Edmund Goulding's play Dancing Mothers at the Booth Theatre.<ref name="Norris"/>

Hollywood careerEdit

After arriving in California, around 1927, Manners was serendipitously "discovered" by the movie director James Whale at a Hollywood party, and within a few years he was a popular leading man, playing opposite such actresses as Katharine Hepburn, Barbara Stanwyck, Gloria Stuart, Myrna Loy, Loretta Young, and Ann Dvorak. He was paired several times with Helen Chandler. After performing in an uncredited role in The Sky Hawk in 1929, he was featured the next year in Journey's End. Reviewers of the latter film, such as The New York Times and Variety, officially bestowed their endorsements on the fledgling movie actor's work. His subsequent performances were critically praised again in The New York Times and by other influential film critics.

In late 1930 Manners filmed his best remembered role, as Jonathan Harker opposite Bela Lugosi, in Universal's horror classic Dracula (1931). Until the end of his life, he continued to receive mail from fans of the movie, although he claimed to have never seen the finished film. In his tenth movie, he co-starred with Barbara Stanwyck in Frank Capra's critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful The Miracle Woman (1931). The New York Times lauded Manners again for his portrayal of a blind war veteran, stating that "Manners does exceptionally well with this sympathetic assignment".

During his brief tenure with Warner Bros., which had loaned him to other studios quite frequently, Manners progressed from being a supporting player to achieving true movie-star status following his role in Crooner in 1932. Shortly after that production's release, he began to freelance with much success. One of the final films he made before the end of his Warner Bros.' contract was RKO's A Bill of Divorcement, starring John Barrymore, Katharine Hepburn and Billie Burke.

File:Abillofdivorcement.jpg
Publicity photograph of Katharine Hepburn and Manners in A Bill of Divorcement (1932)

After the success of Dracula, Manners worked for several years as a romantic leading man, and was most often seen in a tuxedo in romantic comedies and light dramas. The Last Flight (1931), a Lost Generation celebration of the high life in Paris, and Karl Freund's The Mummy (1932) with Boris Karloff were two standouts. But by 1936 he had grown bored with Hollywood, and abandoned his film career. He reportedly never acclimated to Hollywood, which he found to be "a false place". Although he was among the first group of actors to join the fledgling Screen Actors Guild in 1933, he returned to New York City, but he moved back to California three years later. Manners grew increasingly frustrated with his roles in Hollywood and with his film career in general, despite all its successes.<ref name="TCM">"David Manners", biography, Turner Classic Movies (TCM), Turner Broadcasting, Time Warner, Inc., New York, N.Y. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</ref> Following his work on three films released in 1936—Hearts in Bondage, A Woman Rebels, and Lucky Fugitives—he left the studios and retired from film work.<ref name="TCM"/> He did, however, continue to perform regularly on stage for another 17 years, appearing in various productions on tour, in summer stock, and on Broadway, including the ill-fated 1946 play Hidden Horizon. In 1953, Manners retired from acting entirely.

Personal life and deathEdit

Manners married only once. In New York City, on May 23, 1929, he married Suzanne Bushnell, a native of Springfield, Ohio.<ref>"New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1940", Rauff Acklom and Suzanne Bushnell, May 23, 1929, Manhattan, New York City. Retrieved August 20, 2017. David Manners is listed on his New York marriage certificate by his birth name, Rauff Acklom. Manners would not officially change his name to David Joseph Manners until 1940.</ref> A year later, according to the 1930 United States census, he and his 23-year-old wife were living together in Los Angeles in a $175-a-month rental property, along with Antonio Dumles, a 22-year-old Filipino who was listed as the couple's servant.<ref>"The Fifteenth Census of the United States: 1930", enumeration date April 11, 1930, City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California. A digital image of the original enumeration page is available at FamilySearch. Retrieved August 20, 2017.</ref> David and Suzanne's marriage proved to be a brief one; they divorced in 1932.Template:Citation needed

In 1940, he officially changed his name to David Joseph Manners (Manners being his mother's maiden name), a change that is verified by its citation in the 1940 United States census.<ref name="Census1940">"The Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940", enumeration date April 19, 1940, Victorville, San Bernardino County, California. FamilySearch. Retrieved August 21, 2017.</ref> That same census also documents that he had applied to become a naturalised citizen of the United States.<ref name="Census1940"/><ref>The United States Census of 1940 records that Manners' application for citizenship was pending (coded "PA" in that census) as of April 19, 1940, so any granting of his citizenship occurred after that date.</ref> It further identifies Manners as an "Author/Actor" and that he was then living in Victorville, California, residing alone in a home, part of a ranch, that he had purchased several years earlier.<ref name="Census1940"/><ref>Manners was the actor's mother's maiden name Template:Webarchive, moviediva.com (cached version). Retrieved October 16, 2014.</ref>

He became a published novelist in 1941 with Convenient Season; a second novel, Under Running Laughter, followed in 1943. (He used the name David J. Manners for his novels, both of which were published by E.P. Dutton.)

Manners was gay. In 1948, he met playwright Frederic William Mercer and the two lived together as partners for 30 years until Mercer's death in 1978.<ref name="Jones">Jones, David Morgan; editor (2006). The Wonder Within You: From the Metaphysical Journals of David Manners. Trafford Publishing, 2006; Template:ISBN; Template:ISBN</ref> Initially, they lived together at Manners's ranch but left Victorville in 1956 to move to another residence in Pacific Palisades.

Following his retirement from acting, Manners spent the remaining decades of his life pursuing his personal interests, including painting, writing and studying philosophy. His reflections on philosophy were presented in Look Through: An Evidence of Self Discovery, published in 1971 by El Cariso Publications.<ref name="Norris"/>

In 1998, 20 years after William Mercer's death, David Manners died at age 98 in the health centre of a retirement community in Santa Barbara, California.<ref name="PaceNYT"/> His body was cremated and the ashes were taken to San Bernardino County and scattered at Rancho Yucca Loma in Victor Valley.<ref>Tronchoni, José L Bernabé (2002). At the time of his death, Manners was last surviving cast member of Dracula (1931) and The Mummy (1932).</ref>

FilmographyEdit

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BibliographyEdit

References and notesEdit

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External linksEdit

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