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Dioscorea

Article Discussion

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Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates.<ref name="amber">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Govaerts, R., Wilkin, P. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2007). World Checklist of Dioscoreales. Yams and their allies: 1-65. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Wilkin, P. & Thapyai, C. (2009). Flora of Thailand 10(1): 1-140. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides.

DescriptionEdit

They are tuberous herbaceous perennial lianas, growing to Template:Convert or more tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, mostly broad heart-shaped. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, with six petals; they are mostly dioecious, with separate male and female plants, though a few species are monoecious, with male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is a capsule in most species, a soft berry in a few species.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Most Dioscorea species that have been examined possess extrafloral nectaries at the petiole or leaf underside.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Cultivation and usesEdit

Several species, known as yams, are important agricultural crops in tropical regions, grown for their large tubers. Many of these are toxic when fresh, but can be detoxified and eaten, and are particularly important in parts of Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

One class of toxins found in many species is steroidal saponins, which can be converted through a series of chemical reactions into steroid hormones for use in medicine and as contraceptives.

The 1889 book "The Useful Native Plants of Australia" records that Dioscorea hastifolia is "One of the hardiest of the yams. The tubers are largely consumed by the local aborigines for food. (Mueller)."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Accepted species (613), subspecies, and varietiesEdit

Template:Cleanup section The genus includes the following species and subspecies:Template:Citation needed

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The closely related genus Tamus is included in Dioscorea by some sources,<ref>Template:Citation, search for "Tamus"</ref> but is maintained as distinct by others.<ref name=Stace2010>Template:Citation, p. 854</ref> For Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin, see Tamus communis.

See alsoEdit

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BibliographyEdit

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