Dirty Mind

Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use mdy dates {{safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst-infobox||$params=italic_title,name,type,longtype,artist,cover,border,alt,caption,released,recorded,venue,studio,genre,length,language,label,director,producer,compiler,chronology,prev_title,prev_year,year,next_title,next_year,misc|$extra=italic_title,longtype,border,caption,language,director,compiler,chronology,year,misc|$aliases=italic title>italic_title,Italic title>italic_title,Name>name,Type>type,image>cover,Cover>cover,Border>border,Alt>alt,Caption>caption,Longtype>longtype,Artist>artist,Released>released,Recorded>recorded,Venue>venue,Studio>studio,Genre>genre,Length>length,Language>language,Label>label,Director>director,Producer>producer,Compiler>compiler,Chronology>chronology,Misc>misc|$flags=override|$B={{#ifeq:{{#invoke:Is infobox in lead|main|[Ii]nfobox [Aa]lbum}}|true|{{#if:Template:Has short description | |Template:Short description|noreplace}}}}{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other Template:Category handler Template:Main other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox album with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|italic_title |type |name |image |cover |border |alt |caption |longtype |artist |released |recorded |venue |studio |genre |length |language |label |director |producer |compiler |prev_title|prev_year|next_title|next_year|chronology|year|misc}}{{#if:{{#invoke:String|match|error_category=Music infoboxes with Module:String errors|A|1=Prince1979Controversy1981studioDirty MindPrince - Dirty Mind.jpgPrinceOctober 8, 1980May–June 1980Wayzata, Minnesota* Funk<ref name="Erlewine"/><ref name="Harris"/><ref name=Price2016/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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Dirty Mind is the third studio album by the American singer-songwriter and musician Prince. It was released on October 8, 1980, by Warner Bros. Records.

The album is notable for Prince's increasing reliance on rock music elements, high register vocals, sexually explicit lyrical themes and an androgynous image. Critics have hailed its fusion of genres for influencing urban black music of the early 1980s, and its lyrics for influencing more sexually explicit music.

The first single from Dirty Mind, "Uptown", reached number five on both the Billboard Hot Soul Singles and the Billboard National Disco Action Top 30 charts. Although the album only reached number 45 on the Billboard 200, it was met with widespread critical acclaim. The album has retrospectively been ranked by Pitchfork and Slant as one of the greatest of the 1980s, and by Rolling Stone and NME as one of the greatest albums of all time.

Composition and recordingEdit

A fusion of funk, new wave, R&B and dance, Dirty Mind also contains more rock-oriented beats than Prince's previous albums,<ref name="Erlewine"/> as well as elements of punk rock on the track "Sister".<ref name="Freeman">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Half of the songs were composed by Prince on tour, when he and his band had a slot opening for Rick James.<ref name="RS80s">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The album was recorded in a makeshift 16-track studio in the basement of Prince's home on Lake Minnetonka, with Prince engineering the album himself, credited under the pseudonym Jamie Starr.<ref name="RS80s"/> Sessions occurred in May and June 1980, with Prince playing nearly all of the instruments himself,<ref name="Erlewine"/> and several of the songs were recorded in one night.<ref name="RS80s"/> The album contrasted with Prince's previous ones in its raw and unpolished production style, with several of the tracks being essentially demos.<ref name="Freeman"/> The production presents a clean sound with minimal distortion or reverb, more akin to power pop or punk rock.<ref name="Partridge">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Barry Walters of Pitchfork later observed that, "Whereas Prince's '70s albums proclaimed his virtuosity, here he achieves much more by confining himself to the simplest, boldest strokes."<ref name="Walters">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is the only Prince album to not feature a "slow jam".<ref name="Walters"/>

Side oneEdit

The core riff of "Dirty Mind" was originally a jam devised by keyboardist Doctor Fink for Prince's band.<ref name="RS80s"/> He and Prince recorded it in one evening and Prince finished it the next morning.<ref name="RS80s"/> The song is set to a metronomic disco beat, likened by Walters to the motorik beat of Krautrock.<ref name="Walters"/> The song melds Minneapolis funk with new wave and post-punk, featuring falsetto singing and percussive guitar,<ref name="Freeman"/> as well as "tinny keyboard hooks".<ref name="Hoard">Template:Cite book</ref> Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described the song as "robotic funk".<ref name="Erlewine"/> Walters notes that the song's descending key changes mixed with ascending church organ chords are "a particularly Prince-like juxtaposition that offers a peek-a-boo glimpse into the convolutions—sexual and otherwise—of his psyche."<ref name="Walters"/>

"When You Were Mine" was written in a Florida hotel room.<ref name="RS80s"/> John Freeman of The Quietus deemed the song Prince's "first great rock song", featuring "frantic guitars" and "squidgy keyboards".<ref name="Freeman"/> It has been classified by several critics as new wave<ref name="Erlewine"/><ref name="Hoard"/><ref name="Walters"/><ref name="Partridge"/> and likened to the works of Elvis Costello.<ref name="Walters"/><ref name="Partridge"/> Lyrically, the song contains elements of gender bending,<ref name="Freeman"/> as well as voyeurism and cuckoldry,<ref name="Walters"/> and Freeman noted that the song's dynamic forecasted later Prince tracks like "Little Red Corvette", "Paisley Park" and "If I Was Your Girlfriend".<ref name="Freeman"/> The track is one of Prince's most covered songs<ref name="Freeman"/> and was recorded by Cyndi Lauper for her 1983 album She's So Unusual.<ref name="Walters"/>

"Do It All Night" contains "sultry funk",<ref name="Erlewine"/> with Kenneth Partridge of Billboard noting the chorus' "urgent sixteenth-note keyboards underscoring Prince's [sexual] eagerness".<ref name="Partridge"/> "Gotta Broken Heart Again", a minimalistic ballad featuring "effortless falsetto", "breezy piano",<ref name="Partridge"/> and "soulful crooning",<ref name="Erlewine"/> forecasts Prince's work on his 1986 album Parade.<ref name="Freeman"/>

Side twoEdit

"Uptown", another song featuring a heavy disco beat,<ref name="Walters"/> is billed by Partridge as a "utopian funk-rock anthem [...] about racial and sexual tolerance", melding the styles of Kool & the Gang and the Clash.<ref name="Partridge"/> Walters hailed it as being "among the most daring R&B radio hits of the '80s", due to its lyrical themes about "how homophobia constricts even heterosexuals":<ref name="Walters"/>

While minding his own business, a passing hottie asks him point blank, "Are you gay?" But instead of blowing his cool, Prince reasons, "She's just a victim of society and all its games." To school the dame, he takes her to Uptown, a real-life Minneapolis counterculture haven back in 1980 that's subsequently been gentrified. There, she loses her uptight ways as the track's grinding disco-funk gains momentum; the overwhelming freedom acts as an aphrodisiac, and the once-scorned weirdo gets "the best night I ever had." Everybody's happy.{{#if:Barry WaltersPitchforkPrince: Dirty Mind Album Review|{{#if:|}}
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"Head" and "Sister" are both among Prince's "most infamous"<ref name="Freeman"/> and "notorious"<ref name="Partridge"/> songs. Freeman stated that "Head" "outlines the shameless seduction of a bride-to-be with the promise of oral delights, over a sweating, squelching synth hook."<ref name="Freeman"/> Walters noted its significantly slower tempo and deemed it "one of the earliest fully realized manifestations of Prince's quintessential style."<ref name="Walters"/> Partridge observed that the song "reads like a letter to Penthouse Forum", while noting "Dr. Fink's squiggly sci-fi keyboards".<ref name="Partridge"/>

The brief "Sister" was billed by Freeman as "Prince's most furious punk song" and a "piss-take".<ref name="Freeman"/> Walters stated that the song "celebrates incest like the rest of the record toys with sexual identity; it's blatantly performative", and felt that the music, with its Ramones-like guitars and constantly changing time signatures, echoed the unstable nature of the lyrics.<ref name="Walters"/> Partridge also noted its lyrical ambiguity, calling the song "a filthy romp as audacious and fun as anything the Sex Pistols ever did."<ref name="Partridge"/>

The music for "Partyup" was originally penned by Morris Day, in a period where he and Prince were hanging out and jamming together regularly.<ref name="Wilkening">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Day has stated that the original track he recorded, consisting of only bass and drums, was "a lot slower and funkier", and that he was unhappy with the funk-rock direction in which Prince ultimately took the song.<ref name="Wilkening"/> Musically, Walters observed that the song is "uncut funk with louder guitars and tunes so catchy you can't deny the pop."<ref name="Walters"/> Freeman billed the song as a "good-time freak out jam, with Prince extolling the merits of 'revolutionary rock & roll'."<ref name="Freeman"/> Lyrically, the song finds Prince "furious [...] at war",<ref name="Hoard"/> inspired by then-President Jimmy Carter's 1980 reinstatement of military draft registration, and features a Template:"'60s-worthy closing chant".<ref name="Walters"/> Partridge deemed it "the most danceable anti-war anthem since Edwin Starr's 'War.Template:'"<ref name="Partridge"/> To compensate Day for writing the music, Prince created the Time as a vehicle for Day,<ref name="Partridge"/> and the two created the band's first three albums almost entirely by themselves.<ref name="Wilkening"/>

ReleaseEdit

Dirty Mind peaked at number 45 on the Billboard 200 and number 7 on the Billboard Top Black Albums chart. The first single, "Uptown", reached number five on both the Billboard Hot Soul Singles and Dance Club Songs charts,<ref name="Partridge"/> but only 101 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The title track was released as the second single and was modestly successful on the R&B chart. The songs "Uptown", "Dirty Mind", and "Head" were released together, reaching the dance chart's top five.

On June 6, 1984, the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).<ref name="RIAA"/> Following the death of Prince in 2016, the album re-entered the Billboard 200 and also entered the album charts in France, Switzerland and the UK for the first time.Template:Citation needed

Critical receptionEdit

Template:Music ratings

Dirty Mind earned widespread acclaim from music critics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to the writer Simon Reynolds, the album's "rave reception [...] saw rock critics anointing [Prince] as the genre-crossing, gender-bending, races-uniting saviour of modern music".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Reynolds quotes Barney Hoskyns, who in his New Musical Express review of Dirty Mind described it as "the glam-funk Let's Get It On."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Ken Tucker of Rolling Stone wrote that the album finds Prince shifting from the "doe-eyed romantic" of his first two records to a "liberating lewdness" which "jolts with the unsettling tension that arises from rubbing complex erotic wordplay against clean, simple melodies", all along an "electric surface". Tucker remarked on how Prince casually delivers lyrics with a "graceful quaver" and "exhilarating breathlessness", combining "the sweet romanticism of Smokey Robinson" and "the powerful vulgate poetry of Richard Pryor". He concluded that the album was "cool music dealing with hot emotions", and, "at its best [...] positively filthy".<ref name="Tucker"/> Writing that same month in The Village Voice, Robert Christgau found the music's "metallic textures and simple drum patterns" comparable to both Funkadelic and the Rolling Stones, while acknowledging Prince as being in the generally shy-mannered "love-man" tradition because of his falsetto singing, but ultimately distinct in his "aggressively, audaciously erotic" character: "I'm talking about your basic fuckbook fantasies—the kid sleeps with his sister and digs it, sleeps with his girlfriend's boyfriend and doesn't, and stops a wedding by gamahuching the bride on her way to church. I mean, Mick Jagger can just fold up his penis and go home."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Refn

Retrospective appraisals have also been positive. In The Trouser Press Guide to New Wave Records (1983), Trouser Press writer Jim Green stated, "If the ultra sex obsession doesn't put you off, Dirty MindTemplate:'s catchy tunes, sly lyrics, and strong production, and Prince's trademark falsetto make for a winning combination."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Erlewine described the album as a "stunning, audacious amalgam of funk, new wave, R&B, and pop, fueled by grinningly salacious sex and the desire to shock".<ref name="Erlewine"/> According to Michaelangelo Matos in (The New) Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), "Dirty Mind remains one of the most radical 180-degree turns in pop history."<ref name="Hoard"/> Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times described the music as a "confident and highly danceable blend of post-disco funk and tasty, hard-line rock",<ref name="Nilsen">Template:Cite book</ref> while Keith Harris of Blender credited it for setting "confessions of a sex junkie" to the sounds of "new-wave funk".<ref name="Harris" /> Walters deemed it Prince's "first fully actualized album" and "an unrelenting dance party that pointedly invited New Wavers to boogie down alongside funk bunnies and dancefloor fashionistas."<ref name="Walters"/> Freeman opined that Dirty Mind was Prince's most creative and boldest album, setting the standard for his artistic direction in the following years.<ref name="Freeman"/> Partridge called the album an "absolute essential — an eight-song, 30-minute glimpse into the mind of a thong-rocking pacifist with some interesting ideas about marriage and sibling relations", and added that it "benefits from its complete lack of outside perspective."<ref name="Partridge"/>

LegacyEdit

In their list of the "100 Best Albums of the Eighties", Rolling Stone stated that Dirty Mind "marked Prince's coming of age. It was the first album on which he successfully synthesized the rock and soul he had grown up on into a vibrant, strikingly original sound, at the same time turning his own sexuality and flamboyance into a clear-cut style and stance."<ref name="RS80s"/> Walters billed the album as a "landmark album" that "couldn't be purer punk", due to its rejection of "labels, restrictions, and authority."<ref name="Walters"/>

Due to Dirty Mind's fusion of genres, Erlewine observed that it "set the style for much of the urban soul and funk of the early '80s."<ref name="Erlewine"/> Similarly, Rolling Stone stated that "Prince's keyboard-dominated 'Minneapolis sound' became the blueprint for a generation of soul, funk and pop groups. His influence is evident in songs ranging from Ready for the World's 'Oh Sheila' to Fine Young Cannibals' 'She Drives Me Crazy.Template:'"<ref name="RS80s"/> Walters hailed it as "one of the key records that truly initiated the '80s."<ref name="Walters"/> In Christgau's opinion, Prince's impact as a "commercially viable" yet "visionary" artist with the album was comparable to John Lennon, Bob Dylan, and Jimi Hendrix.<ref name="Christgau"/>

Walters also noted Prince's "free and startlingly girly" vocals, as well as his androgynous image during this era, adding, "it can't be underestimated how much Prince quite threateningly set off gaydar".<ref name="Walters"/> Partridge noted that "Prince wasn't the first R&B artist to sing in falsetto, but the daring femininity he brings to this performance paints him as a different sort of lover-man."<ref name="Partridge"/> Dennis Hunt of the Los Angeles Times noted the songs' prominently sexual lyrics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Erlewine credited the album's explicit themes, including oral sex, threesomes and ejaculation, for opening the doors for sexually explicit albums in the following years.<ref name="Erlewine"/>

Dirty Mind has ranked highly on professional lists of the greatest albums. Pitchfork placed the album at number 87 on a list of the 100 best albums from the 1980s,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> while Slant Magazine ranked it 53rd on a similar list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2013, NME ranked it number 393 in its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Rolling Stone has ranked it number 326 among the magazine's 500 greatest albums of all time (published in 2020)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and 18th among albums from the 1980s.<ref name="RS80s"/>

Track listingEdit

Template:Track listing

PersonnelEdit

Prince – lead and backing vocals, electric guitars (all tracks), ARP Omni (2, 3, 5, 6), Oberheim OB-X (all but 7), clavinet (5), Yamaha CP-70 electric grand piano (3, 4, 8), Polymoog (5, 6), bass guitar (all tracks), drums (all tracks), percussion, electronic percussion
Lisa Coleman – backing vocals (6)
Doctor Fink – ARP Omni (1), Oberheim OB-X (6)

Technical