Doom metal

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox music genre with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | caption | cultural_origins | current_year | current_year_override | current_year_title | derivatives | etymology | footnotes | fusiongenres | image | image_size | instruments | local_scenes | name | native_name | native_name_lang | other_names | other_topics | regional_scenes | stylistic_origins | subgenrelist | subgenres |showblankpositional=1}}

Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres.<ref name="Extreme">K. Kahn-Harris, Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge (Berg Publishers, 2007), Template:ISBN, p. 31.</ref> Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom.<ref name="Allmusic" /> The genre is strongly influenced by the early work of Black Sabbath,<ref name="Allmusic" /> who formed a prototype for doom metal. During the first half of the 1980s,<ref name="Allmusic">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre. Pentagram, Saint Vitus, Trouble and Candlemass have been referred to as "the Big Four of Doom Metal".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Characteristics

Instrumentation

The electric guitar, bass guitar, and drum kit are the most common instruments used to play doom metal (although keyboards are sometimes used), but its structures are rooted in the same scales as in blues.<ref name="Bandcamp"/> Guitarists and bassists often down tune their instruments to very low notes and make use of large amounts of distortion, thus producing a very "thick" or "heavy" guitar tone, which is one of the defining characteristics of the genre.<ref name=PhD>Template:Cite thesis</ref> Along with the usual heavy metal compositional technique of guitars and bass playing the same riff in unison, this creates a loud and bass-heavy wall of sound. Another defining characteristic is the consistent focus on slow tempos,<ref name="Allmusic" /> and minor tonality with much use of dissonance (especially in the form of the tritone), employing the usage of repetitive rhythms with little regard to harmonic progression and musical structure.<ref name=PhD/>

Vocals

Traditional doom metal vocalists favor clean vocals, which are often performed with a sense of despair, desperation, or pain; imitating the high-tone wails of Ozzy Osbourne (Black Sabbath),<ref name="doomSabbath"/> Frank Ferrara (Bang), Bobby Liebling (Pentagram),<ref name=PhD/> and Zeeb Parkes (Witchfinder General). So-called "epic doom" vocalists often take it a step further, singing in an operatic style. Doom metal bands influenced by other extreme metal genres often use growled or screamed vocals, as is the case of death-doom, black-doom, and funeral doom.

Lyrical themes

Lyrics in doom metal play a key role. Influenced by notable blues musicians like Robert Johnson and Son House,<ref name="Bandcamp"/> normally they are gloomy and pessimistic,<ref name="doomSabbath"/> including themes such as suffering, depression, fear, grief, dread, death, and anger. While some bands write lyrics in introspective and personal ways, others convey their themes using symbolism – which may be inspired by occult arts and literature.<ref name="Bandcamp"/>

Some doom metal bands use religious themes in their music. Trouble, one of the genre's pioneers, were among the first to incorporate Christian imagery. Others have incorporated occult and pagan imagery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> For many bands, the use of religious themes is for aesthetic and symbolic purposes only. Examples include lyrics/imagery about the Last Judgment to invoke dread, or the use of crucifixes and cross-shaped headstones to symbolize death.

Furthermore, some doom metal bands write lyrics about drugs or drug addiction. This is most common among stoner doom bands, who often describe hallucinogenic or psychedelic experiences.

History

File:Iommi at the Forum.jpg

Tony Iommi's guitar style greatly influenced and defined doom metal.

Origins (late 1960s–1970s)

The first traces of doom in rock music could be heard as far back as the Beatles' 1969 track "I Want You (She's So Heavy)".<ref>Classic Rock Magazine, September 2014</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Black Sabbath are generally regarded as the progenitors of doom metal.<ref name="Allmusic" /> Black Sabbath's music is (in and of) itself stylistically rooted in blues, but with the deliberately doomy and loud guitar playing of Tony Iommi, and the then-uncommon dark and pessimistic lyrics and atmosphere, they set the standards of early heavy metal and inspired various doom metal bands.<ref name=PhD/> In the early 1970s, both Black Sabbath and Pentagram (also as side band "Bedemon") composed and performed this heavy and dark music, which would in the 1980s begin to be known and referred to as doom metal by subsequent musicians, critics and fans.<ref name="Bandcamp"/> Joe Hasselvander, Pentagram's drummer also cited bands like Black Widow, Toe Fat, Iron Claw, Night Sun, and Zior as pioneers of the doom metal sound.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Aside from Pentagram and Black Sabbath, other groups from the 1970s would heavily influence the genre's development. Blue Cheer is often hailed as one of the first stoner metal bands. Through the use of loud amplifiers and guitar feedback, their debut Vincebus Eruptum created a template for other artists to follow.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Uriah Heep released "Demons and Wizards" album include "Easy Living" in 1972.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Though lacking the pessimistic lyrical content of their contemporaries, Welsh heavy metal band Budgie would also produce heavy songs which were amongst the loudest of their day, stylistically influencing various doom metal acts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Led Zeppelin's No Quarter is considered as one of the earliest examples of a doom metal song made by a rock band.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Early doom metal was also influenced by Japanese psychedelic rock albums, such as Kuni Kawachi & Friends' Kirikyogen and Flower Travellin' Band's Satori.<ref name="Satori">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bang's 1971 self-titled debut is considered an important forerunner to doom metal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Other notable groups include Sir Lord Baltimore,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Buffalo,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Necromandus,<ref name="Doomrigin">Christe (2003), pg. 345, "Beginning with the overlooked Lucifer's Friend and Necromandus in the early 1970s, doom crawled through the 1980s with Trouble, Witchfinder General, the Obsessed, Candlemass, Pentagram, and Saint Vitus, then into the 1990s with Cathedral, Sleep, and Burning Witch."</ref> Lucifer's Friend,<ref name="Doomrigin" /> and Leaf Hound.<ref name="Sleazegrinder 2007">^ Sleazegrinder (March 2007). "The Lost Pioneers of Heavy Metal". Classic Rock.</ref>

Development (1980s)

During the early-mid-1980s, bands from England and the United States<ref name="Allmusic" /> contributed much to the formation of doom metal as a distinct genre. In 1982, English pioneers Witchfinder General released their debut album Death Penalty. During 1984, two American pioneers also released their debuts—Saint Vitus released their eponymous album and Trouble released Psalm 9. That same year, American band Cirith Ungol (formed in 1971) released their second studio album, King of the Dead—regarded by many as an early influence on doom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following year, American band Pentagram would go on to release their debut, Relentless. The Swedish Candlemass would also prove influential with their first record Epicus Doomicus Metallicus in 1986, from which epic doom metal takes its name.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Some doom metal bands were also influenced by the underground gothic rock and post-punk scene of the 1980s, showing similarities with the dark themes addressed through lyrics and the atmosphere both music styles deal with. A doom metal band like Mindrot was often described as a cross-over between death metal and gothic rock.

Regional scenes

Like other extreme metal genres, doom metal also has regionally based scenes, with their own particular characteristics:

Finnish doom metal

In one of the greatest doom metal outputs, Finnish groups focus more on the depressive mood of the genre, evoking an intense grieving feeling.<ref name="Grief">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The bands play with very slow tempos and melodic tones, creating an atmosphere of darkness and melancholia.<ref name="Grief" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This scene was kick-started by the band Rigor Mortis (which, due to an older US band with the same name, changed their name to Spiritus Mortis), which originated in 1987.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Mortis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Notable bands include Reverend Bizarre,<ref name="RevBiz">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Minotauri,<ref name="Mortis" /> Dolorian,<ref name="Grief" /> Shape of Despair,<ref name="Grief" /> Thergothon,<ref name="Grief" /> Skepticism,<ref name="Grief" /> and Unholy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Louisiana doom metal

Template:See also Regarded as sludge metal's birthplace by AllMusic,<ref name="Allmusic" /> this scene originated in New Orleans in the late 1980s.<ref name="BestofNewOrleans.com-Axe to Grind: Heavy Metal in New Orleans">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AMG-Eyehategod">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AMG-Exhorder">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The bands of this scene employ some punk influences, like harsh vocals, guitar distortion and downtuned sound.<ref name="AMG-IntheNameofSuffering">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AMG-TakeasNeededforPain">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AMG-Crowbar" /> This scene was pioneered by Exhorder, who was the first band to combine doom metal with a punk-influenced metal sound.<ref name="AMG-Exhorder" /> In the 90s, several sludge and stoner metal bands arose in the state, mainly influenced by bands like Black Sabbath and Melvins, also mixing their sound with genres like hardcore punk and Southern rock.<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod" /><ref name="AMG-Crowbar" /><ref name="AMG-Down">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="AMG-SoilentGreen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Notable bands include Eyehategod,<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod" /> Down<ref name="AMG-Down" /> Exhorder,<ref name="AMG-Exhorder" /> Crowbar,<ref name="AMG-Crowbar" /> and Acid Bath.<ref>"Modern hardcore music scene". Metalhammer magazine No.32.</ref><ref>Mahoney, Steve (30 March 1995). "Acid Bath's not famous but it is one hot band". jsonline.com, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.</ref>

Washington D.C. doom metal

Template:See also This scene formed in the early 1970s and was kickstarted by Pentagram and the Obsessed.<ref name=DC>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Doom Capital">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Various doom/stoner bands, mostly from Washington, D.C. and its metropolitan area on Maryland and Virginia (thus also being labelled "Maryland doom sound"),<ref name=DC/> formed in this region being heavily influenced by early hard rock and heavy metal bands, like UFO, Blue Cheer, Black Sabbath, Uriah Heep and Sir Lord Baltimore.<ref name="Doom Capital" /><ref name="virginiadoom">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This scene is also known as "Hellhound sound" for being closely related to the late Hellhound Records,<ref name=DC/> who signed with many important bands of the scene like Saint Vitus,<ref name="wash">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Hellhound>Template:Cite news</ref> Internal Void,<ref name=Hellhound/><ref name="virginiadoom" /> Iron Man,<ref name=Hellhound/> Revelation,<ref name=Hellhound/> Wretched<ref name=Hellhound/> and Unorthodox.<ref name=Hellhound/> Other notable bands include Evoken,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Spirit Caravan,<ref name="Doom Capital" /><ref name="virginiadoom" /> Earthride,<ref name="Doom Capital" /> and the Hidden Hand.<ref name="wash" />

Pacific Northwest doom metal

The Pacific Northwest region – primarily Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia – has been host to a growing scene of doom, sludge,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and stoner metal<ref name="PNW">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> since the 1990s. It is influenced by the geographical origin of grunge music and a sound pioneered in part by the Washington band Melvins.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Allmusic" /> Common visual themes include the region's cold, rainy, forested climate, and many bands utilize psychedelic imagery influenced by bands like Sleep, Karp and Harkonen.<ref name="PNW" /> Musical styles often share crossover features with atmospheric/ambient black metal, drone metal, and post-metal as seen in Oregon's YOB, Agalloch, Witch Mountain, and Red Fang; Washington's Earth, and Sunn O))); and Vancouver's Anciients, Astrakhan,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Aaron Turner project Sumac, among various others.

Palm Desert Scene

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Palm Desert, California, hosts a thriving desert rock and stoner metal scene, drawing heavy influences from psychedelia, blues and hardcore punk, often featuring distinctive repetitive drum beats, a propensity for free-form jamming, and "trance-like" or "sludgy" grooves.<ref name=mtv>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=yawningman>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=laweekly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Because of their integration, the term "stoner rock" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "desert rock".<ref name=part>Template:Cite news</ref> Notable bands include Kyuss,<ref name="Morris">Template:Citation</ref><ref name=guardian>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Queens of the Stone Age,<ref name=mtv/> Dali's Llama,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Slo Burn,<ref>"Slo Burn". allmusic.com. Retrieved on 5 October 2013.</ref> and Brant Bjork.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Stylistic divisions

Black-doom

Black-doom, also known as blackened doom, is a style that combines the slowness and thicker, bassier sound of doom metal with the shrieking vocals and heavily distorted guitar sound of black metal.<ref name=AE>Template:Cite thesis</ref><ref name="FTBD">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Black-doom bands maintain the Satanic ideology associated with black metal, while melding it with moodier themes more related to doom metal, like depression, nihilism, and nature.<ref Name=AE/> They also use the slower pace of doom metal in order to emphasize the harsh atmosphere present in black metal.<ref Name=RS/> Examples of black-doom bands include Barathrum,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Forgotten Tomb,<ref name="FTBD"/> Woods of Ypres,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Deinonychus,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Shining,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Nortt,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bethlehem,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> early Katatonia,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Tiamat,<ref Name=RS/> Dolorian,<ref Name=RS/> October Tide,<ref Name=RS/> and In the Woods...<ref Name=RS/>

Depressive suicidal black metal

Pioneered by black-doom bands like Ophthalamia, Katatonia, Bethlehem, Forgotten Tomb, and Shining, depressive suicidal black metal, also known as suicidal black metal, depressive black metal, or DSBM, is a style that melds the second wave-style of black metal with doom metal,<ref name=DSBD>Template:Cite thesis</ref> with lyrics revolving around themes such as depression, self-harm, misanthrophy, suicide, and death.<ref name=Vein>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=Feral>Template:Cite book</ref> DSBM bands draw the lo-fi recording and highly distorted guitars of black metal, while employing the usage of acoustic instruments and non-distorted electric guitar's timbres present in doom metal, interchanging the slower, doom-like, sections with faster tremolo picking.<ref name=DSBD/> Vocals are usually high-pitched like in black metal, but lacking of energy, simulating feelings like hopelessness, desperation, and plea.<ref name=DSBD/> The presence of one-man bands is more prominent in this genre compared to others.<ref name=DSBD/> Examples of bands include Xasthur,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Leviathan,<ref name=DSBD/> Strid,<ref name=DSBD/> Silencer,<ref name=Vein/><ref name=Feral/> Make a Change... Kill Yourself,<ref name=DSBD/> and I Shalt Become.<ref name=Vein/><ref name=Feral/>

Blackened death-doom

Blackened death-doom is a genre that combines the slow tempos and monolithic drumming of doom metal, the complex and loud riffage of death metal and the shrieking vocals of black metal.<ref name=BDD>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Examples of blackened death-doom bands include Morast,<ref name=BDD/> Faustcoven,<ref name=BDD/> the Ruins of Beverast,<ref name=BDD/> Bolzer,<ref name=BDD/> Necros Christos,<ref name=BDD/> Harvest Gulgaltha,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dragged into Sunlight,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Hands of Thieves,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Soulburn.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Kim Kelly, journalist from Vice, has called Faustcoven as "one of the finest bands to ever successfully meld black, death, and doom metal into a cohesive, legible whole."<ref name=BDD/>

Death-doom

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:My Dying Bride 44.jpg

My Dying Bride at Frozen Rock Festival 2007

Death-doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of doom metal with the deep growling vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal.<ref name="Doom Metal Special: Doom/Death Terrorizer #142">"Doom Metal Special: Doom/Death", Terrorizer #142.</ref> Influenced mostly by the early work of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost, the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s.<ref name="Doom Metal Special: Doom/Death Terrorizer #142" /> Death-doom was pioneered by bands such as Winter,<ref name="Death Metal Music">Template:Cite book</ref> Disembowelment,<ref name="Death Metal Music" /> Paradise Lost,<ref name="Death Metal Music" /> Autopsy, Anathema, My Dying Bride<ref name="Death Metal Music" /> and Novembers Doom.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Funeral doom

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Funeral doom is a genre that crosses death-doom with funeral dirge music.<ref name="Dirge">Template:Cite news</ref> It is played at an extremely slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair.<ref name="Bandcamp"/> Typically, electric guitars are heavily distorted and dark ambient aspects such as keyboards or synthesizers are often used to create a "dreamlike" atmosphere.<ref Name=AE/> Vocals consist of mournful chants or growls and are often in the background.<ref Name=AE/> Funeral doom was pioneered by Mournful Congregation,<ref name="Bloodaxe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Cbignore</ref> Esoteric, Evoken, Funeral, Thergothon,<ref name=terrorizerfuneral>Hinchcliffe, James (April 2006). "Funeral Doom / Dron Doom: Hearse Play", Terrorizer #143, pp.44–45.</ref> and Skepticism.<ref>James Minton, Kim Kelly, and Jenn Selby, "Filth Parade", Terrorizer #188, September 2009, p. 56.</ref>

Drone metal

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:Sunno)))cloaks.jpg

Sunn O))) performing live

Drone metal (also known as drone doom) is a style of doom metal that is largely defined by drones; notes or chords that are sustained and repeated throughout a piece of music.<ref name="nyt">John Wray, "Heady Metal", New York Times, 28 May 2006. [1] Access date: 18 August 2008.</ref><ref name="art">Jan Tumlir, "Primal dirge", Artforum, April 2006. [2] Access date: 22 August 2008.</ref><ref name="stosuy">Brandon Stosuy, "Heavy Metal: It's Alive and Flourishing", Slate, 19 August 2005. [3] Access date: 22 August 2008.</ref> Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of reverb and feedback<ref name="nyt"/> while lacking the presence of drums and vocals.<ref Name=AE/><ref name=DoomDOC>Template:Cite thesis</ref> Songs are often very long and lack beat or rhythm in the traditional sense.<ref Name=AE/> Drone metal is generally influenced by drone music,<ref name="nyt"/> noise music,<ref name="nyt"/> and minimalist music.<ref name="nyt"/> The style emerged in the early 1990s and was pioneered by Earth,<ref>Jason Jackowiak, "Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method" Template:Webarchive, Splendid, 14 September 2005. Access date: 23 August 2008.</ref> Boris, and Sunn O))).<ref name="nyt"/>

Epic doom

Epic doom has a heavy classical influence. One of the main characteristics are the vocals; vocalists typically employ clean, operatic, and choral singing, accompanied by keyboarding and drumming performed in a bombastic fashion in order to evoke an "epic" sensation.<ref Name=AE/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=FoI>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Lyrics and imagery are typically inspired by fantasy or mythology.<ref Name=AE/> Examples of prominent epic doom bands include Candlemass,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Solitude Aeturnus,<ref name="secrethistory">Santos, José Carlos (2012). "Epicus Doomicus Metallicus". In TerrorizerTemplate:'s Secret History of Doom Metal, pp. 60–62, {{#if:2041-2142|Template:Catalog lookup link{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}{{#if:Template:Trim|{{#ifeq:Template:Yesno-no|yes|Template:Main other|{{#invoke:check isxn|check_issn|Template:Trim|error=Template:Error-smallTemplate:Main other}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}|Template:Error-small}}</ref> Solstice,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> While Heaven Wept,<ref name=FoI/> and Doomsword.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gothic-doom

Gothic-doom, also known as doom-gothic, is a style that combines more traditional elements of doom metal with gothic rock.<ref name=gothicdoom>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Foreshadowing>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Gothic-doom bands usually play at slow and mid-tempos and employ the usage of instruments that are more related to classical music, alongside traditional doom metal instruments, in order to create darker and meditative atmospheres.<ref name=gothicdoom/> Doom-gothic lyrics combines the dramatic and romantic elements of gothic rock with the sorrowness and melancholy present in doom metal, while being more introspective and focused on personal experiences such as love, grief, irreparable loss, loss of faith, etc.<ref name=gothicdoom/> Unlike in gothic metal and death-doom, gothic-doom bands prefer the use of cleaner vocals instead of employing death growls,<ref name=Foreshadowing/> although some of them employ harsher vocals occasionally, and avoid the usage of death metal-like riffage.<ref name=gothicdoom/> Bands labelled as gothic-doom include Weeping Silence,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Foreshadowing,<ref name=Foreshadowing/> Grave Lines,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Artrosis,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ava Inferi,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Draconian,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Type O Negative.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Progressive doom

Progressive doom is a fusion genre that combines elements of progressive metal and doom metal.<ref name="loudersound.com">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Notable bands include King Goat,<ref name="loudersound.com"/> Below the Sun,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sierra,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Oceans of Slumber,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Green Carnation.<ref>Blabbermouth.net Review</ref>

Sludge metal

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Sludge metal (also known as sludge doom<ref name=PhD/><ref Name=RS>Template:Cite magazine</ref>) is a style that combines doom metal and hardcore punk.<ref name=PhD/><ref Name=RS/><ref name="Allmusic" /><ref name=DoomDOC/> Many sludge bands compose slow and heavy songs that contain brief hardcore passages.<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod" /><ref name="AMG-Crowbar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, some bands emphasise fast tempos throughout their music.<ref name="AMG-Buzzoven">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The string instruments are heavily distorted and are often played with large amounts of feedback to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound.<ref name=AMG-Dopesick>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=AMG-IntheNameofSuffering/> Drumming is often performed in typical doom metal fashion,Template:Citation needed but drummers may employ hardcore d-beat or double-kick drumming during faster passages. Vocals are usually shouted or screamed, and lyrics often focus on suffering, drug abuse, politics and anger towards society. The style was pioneered in the late 1980s by the Melvins, and in the 1990s by bands such as Eyehategod,<ref name="AMG-Eyehategod" /> Crowbar,<ref name="AMG-Crowbar" /> Buzzov*en,<ref name="AMG-Buzzoven" /> Acid Bath,<ref name="AMG-AcidBath">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and Grief.<ref name="AMG-Grief">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Sludgecore

Sludgecore further combines sludge metal with hardcore punk, and possesses a slow pace, a low and dark pitch, and a grinding dirge-like feel.<ref name=Pearson2020>Template:Cite book</ref> Bands regarded as sludgecore include Acid Bath, Eyehategod, Soilent Green,<ref name=Rosenberg2017>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Sharpe2005>Template:Cite book</ref> Black Sheep Wall, Admiral Angry, and The Abominable Iron Sloth.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Crowbar mixed "detuned, lethargic sludged-out metal with hardcore and southern elements".<ref name=Sharpe2005B>Template:Cite book</ref>

Stoner metal

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

File:ElectricWizard by Christian Misje 02.jpg

Jus Oborn of Electric Wizard

Stoner metal or stoner doom<ref name=stonervice>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Revolver">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> describes doom metal that incorporates psychedelic rock and acid rock elements.<ref name=DoomDOC/><ref>Template:Cite bookTemplate:Dead link</ref><ref name="Buffalo News">Template:Cite news</ref> Stoner metal is often heavily distorted, groove-laden bass-heavy sound, making much use of guitar effects such as fuzz, phaser, or flanger.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Stoner bands typically play in slow-to-mid tempo, employing the usage of melodic vocals and "retro" production.<ref name="allmusic stoner metal">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was pioneered in the early–mid-1990s by bands such as Kyuss,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sleep,<ref name="allmusic sleep">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TZ10ra" /> Acid King,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="NV10">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Electric Wizard,<ref name="OC10">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="TZ10ra">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Orange Goblin,<ref name="OC10" /> and Sons of Otis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Desert rock

Desert rock combines the psychedelic elements of stoner metal with hard rock characteristics.<ref name=guardian/><ref name=DoomDOC/> Bands of this style include Kyuss,<ref name=psl>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fu Manchu,<ref name=psl/> Queens of the Stone Age,<ref name=sunrunner>Template:Cite news</ref> Earthlings?<ref name=psl/> and Yawning Man.<ref name=psl/><ref name=sunrunner/>

Traditional doom

Influenced by 1970s and 1980s heavy metal,<ref name="trad">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> traditional doom metal bands more commonly use higher guitar tunings, and do not play as slowly as many other doom bands.<ref Name=AE/> Traditional doom bands typically play slow to mid-tempo songs with a thick and heavy sound with the electric bass following the melody line, and sometimes employ the usage of keyboards, although assuming a secondary role on traditional doom metal songs.<ref name="doomSabbath">Template:Cite book</ref> Vocals are usually clean with the occasional growl or scream.<ref Name=AE/> The lyrics in traditional doom usually are eerie and dark like other doom metal divisions. Some bands who play traditional doom metal are Orodruin,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Reverend Bizarre,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Witchcraft, Saint Vitus,<ref name="doomSabbath"/> and Count Raven.<ref name="doomSabbath"/>

See also

• List of doom metal bands
• Emissions from the Monolith, a doom metal music festival
• Post-metal
• Slowcore, a genre of indie rock that also employs very slow tempos and pessimistic lyrics

External links

• Doom metal at AllMusic