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Dryopteris

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The moth genus Dryopteris is now considered a junior synonym of Oreta.

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Dryopteris Template:IPAc-en,<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607</ref> commonly called the wood ferns, male ferns (referring in particular to Dryopteris filix-mas), or buckler ferns, is a fern genus in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).<ref name=PPGI/> There are about 300-400 species in the genus.<ref name=CFLW/><ref name=PPGI/><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> The species are distributed in Asia, the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific islands, with the highest diversity in eastern Asia.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It is placed in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Dryopteridoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).<ref name=PPGI/> Many of the species have stout, slowly creeping rootstocks that form a crown, with a vase-like ring of fronds. The sori are round, with a peltate indusium. The stipes have prominent scales.

Hybridization and polyploidy are well-known phenomena in this group, with many species formed via these processes. The North American Dryopteris hybrid complex is a well-known example of speciation via allopolyploid hybridization.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The fossil record of this genus shows that it was widespread even as far back as the Cretaceous with fossils being found in Late Cretaceous rock layers from North America<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> down to Antarctica.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Selected speciesEdit

The genus has a large number of species. The PPG I classification suggested there were about 400 species;<ref name=PPGI/> Template:As of, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World listed 328 species and 83 hybrids.<ref name=CFLW/> Some genera sunk into Dryopteris, such as Dryopsis, Stenolepia and Nothoperanema, are distinguished by other sources.<ref name=CFLW/> Template:Div col

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EcologyEdit

Dryopteris species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Batrachedra sophroniella (which feeds exclusively on D. cyatheoides) and Sthenopiseauratus.

Cultivation and usesEdit

Many Dryopteris species are widely used as garden ornamental plants, especially D. affinis, D. erythrosora, and D. filix-mas, with numerous cultivars.

Dryopteris filix-mas was throughout much of recent human history widely used as a vermifuge, and was the only fern listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Traditional use in Scandinavia against red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) infestation is to place fronds in nesting boxes under nesting material and under floor covering material.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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