Eastern Samar

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Eastern Samar (Waray-Waray: Sinirangan Samar; Template:Langx<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>), officially the Province of Eastern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Borongan, which is the most populous. Eastern Samar occupies the eastern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the province to the north is the province of Northern Samar and to the west is Samar province. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, part of the vast Pacific Ocean, while to the south lies Leyte Gulf.

History

Spanish colonial era

File:Suluan quincentennial monument bas relief.jpg

Quincentennial historical marker of Ferdinand Magellan's arrival in Suluan, Guiuan

During his circumnavigation of the globe, Ferdinand Magellan had set foot on the tiny island of Homonhon in the southern part of the province. On March 16, 1521, the area of what is now Eastern Samar is said to be the first Philippine landmass spotted by Magellan and his crew.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-EasternSamar>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Inquirer-GuiuansTreasure">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="NSCBGovPH-EasternSamar">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1596, many names, such as Samal, Ibabao, and Tandaya, were given to Samar Island prior to the coming of the Spaniards in 1596. During the early days of Spanish occupation, Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu. Samar and Leyte were later separated from Cebu in 1735. They were split in 1747 but was reversed in 1762 with the approval of the King of Spain, following complaints from the Jesuits. The province of Samar was later established as a distinct province in 1768 after it got separated from the province of Leyte.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1777, Samar and Leyte split for the last time when it was approved in Madrid in 1786 and had been effective in 1799.

American colonial era

Philippine-American War

Template:Further Maj. Eugenio Daza Area Commander of General Lukbán's forces for Southeastern Samar

Balangiga Massacre

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Pacification of Samar

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Japanese occupation

In 1944, combined Filipino-American troops involved in the liberation of the Philippines from Japan built in the town of Guiuan the largest military base in the Pacific. In the same town in 1949, approximately 5,000 Russian refugees escaping from communist China temporarily settled on Tubabao Island until 1951, when they were transferred to Australia and the United States.<ref name="Inquirer-GuiuansTreasure" />

Philippine independence

Foundation

Eastern Samar, as a province, was created from Samar province through Republic Act No. 4221 on June 19, 1965.<ref name=ChanRobles-RA4221>Template:Cite PH act</ref> Approved by Congress in 1963, it was authored by Samar congressmen Eladio T. Balite (1st district), Fernando R. Veloso (2nd district), and Felipe J. Abrigo (3rd district). The law, ratified in a plebiscite on June 19, 1965, divided Samar into three: Northern Samar, Eastern Samar and (Western) Samar. The first provincial officials of Eastern Samar, aside from the lone district representative, were elected on November 14, 1967, and on January 1, 1968, they officially assumed office.

Contemporary

File:Operation Damayan 131118-M-LT992-019.jpg

Aerial view of Guiuan in November 2013 on the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

The capital town of Borongan became a component city by virtue of Republic Act No. 9394 which sought to convert the municipality into a city. The law was ratified on June 21, 2007.<ref>Template:Cite PH act</ref> However, the cityhood status was lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the LCP questioned the validity of the cityhood law. The cityhood status was reaffirmed after the court finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011, declaring the cityhood law constitutional.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded, made its first landfall in the coastal town of Guiuan in November 2013.<ref name=WSJ-Haiyan>Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography

Eastern Samar covers a total area of Template:ConvertTemplate:PSGC detail occupying the eastern section and majority of southern Samar's coast of Samar Island in the Eastern Visayas region. The province is bordered to the north by Northern Samar and to the west by Samar. To the east lies the Philippine Sea, part of the vast Pacific Ocean, while to the south lies Leyte Gulf.

Because it faces the Philippine Sea of the Pacific Ocean, Eastern Samar suffers heavily from powerful typhoons.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-EasternSamar />

Administrative divisions

Eastern Samar comprises 22 municipalities and one city, all encompassed by an lone congressional district and two provincial districts that elect a representative and provincial board members, respectively.

File:Ph fil eastern samar.png

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	City Template:Small municipalityTemplate:ThinspTemplate:Efn-lr		Population			Template:PSGC rubric	AreaTemplate:PSGC detail		Density		Template:Abbr
			Template:SmallTemplate:PH census		Template:SmallTemplate:PH census		km2	Template:Nowrap	/km2	Template:Nowrap
Template:Coord	Arteche		Template:Percent and number	16,026	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	20
Template:Coord	Balangiga		Template:Percent and number	14,085	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	13
Template:Coord	Balangkayan		Template:Percent and number	10,125	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	15
Template:Coord	Borongan City	†	Template:Percent and number	69,297	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	61
Template:Coord	Can-avid		Template:Percent and number	21,015	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	28
Template:Coord	Dolores		Template:Percent and number	42,866	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	46
Template:Coord	General MacArthur		Template:Percent and number	14,550	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	30
Template:Coord	Giporlos		Template:Percent and number	13,308	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	18
Template:Coord	Guiuan		Template:Percent and number	52,991	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	60
Template:Coord	Hernani		Template:Percent and number	8,573	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	13
Template:Coord	Jipapad		Template:Percent and number	7,885	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	13
Template:Coord	Lawaan		Template:Percent and number	12,742	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	16
Template:Coord	Llorente		Template:Percent and number	20,149	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	33
Template:Coord	Maslog		Template:Percent and number	5,407	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	12
Template:Coord	Maydolong		Template:Percent and number	14,743	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	20
Template:Coord	Mercedes		Template:Percent and number	6,070	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	16
Template:Coord	Oras		Template:Percent and number	36,540	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	42
Template:Coord	Quinapondan		Template:Percent and number	14,779	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	25
Template:Coord	Salcedo		Template:Percent and number	22,532	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	41
Template:Coord	San Julian		Template:Percent and number	14,498	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	16
Template:Coord	San Policarpo		Template:Percent and number	14,687	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	17
Template:Coord	Sulat		Template:Percent and number	15,377	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	18
Template:Coord	Taft		Template:Percent and number	18,915	Template:PAGR	Template:Convert	Template:Convert	24
	Total			477,168	467,160	Template:PAGR	4,617.16	Template:Convert	Template:Sigfig	Template:Convert	597
		Template:Color boxTemplate:ThinspProvincial capital and component city					Template:Color boxTemplate:ThinspMunicipality

Demographics

The population of Eastern Samar in the 2020 census was 477,168 people,Template:PH census with a density of Template:Convert. The predominant language is Waray<ref name="NSCBGovPH-EasternSamar"/> and it is the main lingua franca of the entire island of Samar.Template:Citation needed

In the 2000 Census, Warays comprised Template:Percent and number of the total provincial population of 375,124 at that time. Kapampangan came second at Template:Percent and number, Bisaya/Binisaya Template:Percent and number, Cebuano at Template:Percent and number, and Tagalog at Template:Percent and number.<ref name="CensusGovPH-2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Religion

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Catholicism

The people of the province are devoted catholics where a majority adhere to Roman Catholicism.<ref name="NSCBGovPH-EasternSamar" /> The dominant Catholic faith influences the events of the provincial education, politics and social functions of the people.

Others

Other Christians usually form the remaining groups of believers such as the Born-again Christians, Protestants, Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptists, Methodists, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Seventh-day Adventists. Non Christians (mostly Muslims) are also found. Template:Clear left

Transportation

The province has one operational airport; Borongan Airport located in the capital city. Currently, only Leascor operates out of Borongan Airport with flights weekly to serve locals and tourists to and from Cebu.

File:Wilsam Uptown Mall.jpg

Borongan's Wilsam Uptown Mall, the largest shopping mall in the province

By land, mini buses and vans ply from the regional center in Tacloban, Catbalogan, and Calbayog in Samar province and to some towns in Eastern Samar. From Borongan, buses ply to Metro Manila. Motorized boats plies through Leyte Gulf ferrying passengers going to Tacloban City seaport.

Economy

Template:Stack Commercial activities in the province are centered on the provincial capital of Borongan while tourism activities are centered in Guiuan town where Calicoan Island and the historical Homonhon Island are located.<ref name="NSCBGovPH-EasternSamar" /> Generally, the province's major economic resource is fishery and agriculture which include production of coconut, copra, corn, rice, sugar, and vegetables.<ref name="NSCBGovPH-EasternSamar" /> Tourism potential is untapped on the northern part of the province.

Notable people

• Boy Abunda - television host, publicist, talent manager and celebrity endorser.
• Maria Fe Abunda - politician; Eastern Samar's representative in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.
• Aster Amoyo - entertainment writer, television host, and talent manager.
• Gabrielle Camille Basiano - model and beauty pageant titleholder, Binibining Pilipinas Intercontinental 2022.
• K Brosas - actress, comedienne and singer.
• Eugenio Daza - Area Commander Southeastern Samar during the Philippine-American War. Organizer of the Balangiga Encounter. Rep. of Samar's 3rd District to the First Philippine Legislature.
• Gabriel Daza - Knight Commander with Star of the Order of St. Sylvester, knighted by Pope Pius XII. Co-founder Boy Scouts of the Philippines.
• R-Ji Lim - singer, actor and model; member of P-pop group Alamat.
• Jewel Ponferada - PBA professional basketball player, currently playing for Rain or Shine Elasto Painters.
• Art Ramasasa - singer, songwriter and musician in the Waray-Waray language.
• Mastermind - dance group, made popular in their performance in Pilipinas Got Talent season 5. They finally settled for 4th place in the Grand Finals.
• Freddie Abuda - retired professional basketball player, currently serving as an assistant coach to the San Beda Red Lions (NCAA).
• Lutgardo Barbo - Former governor of Eastern Samar, Candidate for the 2022 Senate Elections.
• Marcelino Libanan - Filipino politician
• Ben Evardone - Congressman of Eastern Samar and 6th Governor of Eastern Samar.
• RV Evardone - President of the Eastern Samar chapter of the Philippine Councilors League, Governor-Elect of Eastern Samar.
• Sheen Gonzales - Two-term mayor of Guiuan, Congressman-elect of Eastern Samar
• Andres Pagaran - poet and songwriter<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

External links

• Template:Wikivoyage inline
• Template:Commons category-inline
• Template:OSM relation
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Local Governance Performance Management System