Elbistan
Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox Turkey place Elbistan (Template:Langx;<ref name="Aksüt">Aksüt, Ali. "On the Alevism of Elbistan, Nurhak, Ekinozu and Afsin - Elbistan Nurhak Ekinözü Afşin Aleviliği Üzerine - Zum Alevitentum in Elbistan, Nurhak, Ekinözü und Afşin" - Alevilik-Bektaşilik Araştırmaları Dergisi 2017 (No.15), pp.264-265, 279 doi:10.24082/abked.2017.15.011</ref> Template:Langx;<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Template:Langx (Al-Bustan) <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey.<ref>Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> Its area is 2,201 km2,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and its population is 141,307 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EtymologyEdit
The name "Elbistan" was pronounced similarly in Byzantine and Islamic sources. Elbistan was known as Plasta and Plastentia (Template:Langx) in antiquity. Elbistan was known as Ablasta (Template:Langx) according to Armenian historians in the early 11th century. According to Baldric of Dol the city was known as "Ablistan" till 15th century. Egyptian-Mamluk historian Muhammad ibn Iyas wrote the city's name as "Albistan". Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey from Dulkadirids used the name "Elbistan" in the official documents. After Dulkadirids were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, the current name became prevalent. Among the rural people of Elbistan it is pronounced as "Albıstan". Albistan means "the orchard" in Arabic.<ref>[1] Elbistan İsminin Tarihçesi</ref>
HistoryEdit
Template:Expand section The settlement of the Elbistan plain around the town of Elbistan goes back to prehistoric times. In 1947, an important Anatolian hieroglyphic inscription stele was discovered near the village of Karahüyük (Elbistan), which is located 9 km northwest from Elbistan town. This stele is believed to be from the 12th century BC.<ref>Karahöyük (Elbistan) Stele hittitemonuments.com</ref>
In the mid-10th century, modern settlement of the area began. The town seems to have been settled first by Armenian immigrants.<ref name="Sinclair">Template:Cite book</ref> By the end of the 11th century, the town had become the most important one in the Elbistan plain, was fortified against Turkish raiders and was seat of an Armenian bishop.<ref name="Sinclair" /> When the army of the First Crusade passed through Anatolia recovering land for the Byzantine Empire in 1097, Peter Aliphas was installed as governor of Plastentia.<ref name="Frankopan">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1277 the Mamluks led by Baybars defeated a Mongol army in the Battle of Elbistan. Thereafter, Elbistan and the region around it became part of the Mamluk northern frontier.<ref name="Muslu">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1337 Zeyneddin Karaca Bey captured the town from the Mamluks and established the Beylik of Dulkadir with the region around Elbistan and Marash as its center.<ref name="Har-El">Template:Cite book</ref> Nevertheless, Dulkadirids continued to pay homage to the Mamluks and fought with the Karamandids to defend Mamluk interests though they sought for more autonomy.<ref name="Muslu" /> The Dulkadirids controlled the region for 178 years until the Ottomans finally conquered it in 1515.<ref name="Har-El" />
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Elbistan became then known as "vilayet-i Türkmân" in the Ottoman documents.<ref>Akdeniz'in Altın Kenti Kahramanmaraş. Kahramanmaraş Valiliği İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü. p.33 Template:ISBN (PDF)</ref> Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatnâme from the 17th century gives information about the region that in the mountains and towns mostly reside Turkmens who originally migrated from Bukhara.<ref>Derviş Mehmet Zılli bin, Evliya Çelebi (2006). "Mar-iş (Maraş)". Seyahatname. Yeni Şafak Gazetesi. p. 297. Template:ISBN.</ref><ref>"Elbistan" - Official website of the Kahramanmaras Governor (Kahramanmaraş Valiliği)</ref> It seems that some local chiefdoms were given varying degrees of autonomy, notably around the localities of Haticepınar and Kasanlı.
DemographicsEdit
Evliya Çelebi noted that the majority of the town's population was Turkoman in his seyahatname.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Currently, the majority of the population of the district is Sunni Turkish<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with a significant Alevi and Sunni Kurdish population of approximately 10,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> Turkish Alevis are also present.<ref>Dursun, Mehmet E.; Kirik, Esra. Elbistan Ağzı (Kahramanmaraş Ağızları - II). Turkish Studies - International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 7/1 Winter 2012, p.1045 DOI:10.7827/TurkishStudies.3174 (PDF)</ref> The Turkmen Alevism of the region is historically rooted in the Alevi Turcoman Beylik of Dulkadir in the 14th century.<ref name="Aksüt"/><ref name="SBEB[638]">Aras, Bahtiyar Murat; Gökhan, İlyas. "Pazarcık Türkmen Alevileri" - Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Bölümleri [638]. pp.18, 30, 78, 94, 110-111, 156, 433, 439, 443-444,</ref>
ClimateEdit
Elbistan has a fairly dry climate with cold winters and hot, dry summers. Elbistan's climate is classified as a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen: Dsa).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
EconomyEdit
The Elbistan coalfield supplies lignite to the nearby Afşin-Elbistan power stations in Afşin.
EnvironmentEdit
It is said that air pollution in Turkey from the nearby coal-fired power stations also affects Elbistan, as well as smoke from landfill.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In late 2020 the oldest plant Afşin-Elbistan A, was said by opposition MP Ali Öztunç to be still operating without filters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
CompositionEdit
There are 92 neighbourhoods in Elbistan District:<ref>Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> Template:Div col
- Ağlıca
- Akarca
- Akbayır
- Akören
- Aksakal
- Alembey
- Alkayaoğlu
- Armutalan
- Atmalıkaşanlı
- Bahçelievler
- Bakış
- Balıkçıl
- Battalgazi
- Beştepe
- Beyyurdu
- Büyükyapalak
- Çalış
- Çatova
- Ceyhan
- Çiçekköy
- Çıtlık
- Cumhuriyet
- Demircilik
- Dervişçimli
- Doğan
- Eldelek
- Elmalı
- Esentepe
- Evcihüyük
- Fakıoğlu
- Geçit
- Gökçek
- Gücük
- Gümüşdöven
- Günaltı
- Gündere
- Güneşli
- Güplüce
- Güvercinlik
- Hacıhasanlı
- Hasanalili
- Hasankendi
- Horhor
- İğde
- İkizpınarı
- İncecik
- Izgın
- Kalaycık
- Kalealtı
- Kangal
- Kantarma
- Karaelbistan
- Karahasanuşağı
- Karahüyük
- Karamağara
- Kavaktepe
- Kayageçit
- Keçemağara
- Kışlaköy
- Kızılcıoba
- Köprübaşı
- Körücek
- Köseyahya
- Köşkköy
- Küçükyapalak
- Kümbet
- Orhangazi
- Ovacık
- Özbek
- Özcanlı
- Pınarbaşı
- Sarıyatak
- Sevdili
- Söğütlü
- Sünnetköy
- Tapkıran
- Tapkırankale
- Taşburun
- Tepebaşı
- Topallı
- Toprakhisar
- Türkören
- Uncular
- Uzunpınar
- Yalakköy
- Yalıntaş
- Yapılı
- Yapılıpınar
- Yapraklı
- Yeşilyurt
- Yoğunsöğüt
- Yunusemre
Notable peopleEdit
- Mustafa Atici, Swiss politician of Kurdish descent
- Mazlum Çimen, ballet dancer, award-winning film score composer and folk singer
- Fidan Doğan, murdered Kurdish activist
- Tulay Goren, missing Kurdish schoolgirl
- Kemal Gözükara, mathematician, businessman and president of the Istanbul Arel University
- Mahir Ünal, Turkish MP and former minister of Culture and Tourism
- Tahsin Yücel, Turkish translator, novelist, essayist and literary critic