Elmore James

Elmore James (Template:Né Brooks; January 27, 1918 – May 24, 1963)<ref name="auto">Template:Cite book</ref> was an American blues guitarist, singer, songwriter, and bandleader.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography">Template:Cite book</ref> Noted for his use of loud amplification and his stirring voice, James was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His slide guitar technique earned him the nickname "King of the Slide Guitar".

Biography

Elmore James was born Elmore Brooks in Richland, Holmes County, Mississippi, the son of 15-year-old Leola Brooks, a field hand.<ref name="AMG" /> His father was probably Joe Willie "Frost" James,<ref name="auto" /> who moved in with Leola, and Elmore took his surname. He began making music at the age of 12, using a simple one-string instrument (diddley bow, or jitterbug) strung on a shack wall.<ref name="auto" /> As a teen he performed at dances under the names Cleanhead and Joe Willie James.<ref name="AMG" />

James was influenced by Robert Johnson,<ref name="auto" /> Kokomo Arnold and Tampa Red. He recorded several of Tampa Red's songs. He also inherited from Tampa Red's band two musicians who joined his own backing band, the Broomdusters, "Little" Johnny Jones (piano) and Odie Payne (drums).<ref name="AMG" /> In the late 1930s, James worked alongside Sonny Boy Williamson II.<ref name="AMG" />

During World War II, James joined the U.S. Navy, was promoted to coxswain and took part in the invasion of Guam.<ref name="auto" /> Upon his discharge, he returned to central Mississippi and settled in the town of Canton with his adopted brother, Robert Holston.

He began recording with Trumpet Records in nearby Jackson in January 1951, first as a sideman again for Sonny Boy Williamson II and for their mutual friend Willie Love and possibly others.<ref name="auto" /> He made his debut as a session leader in August that year recording a Robert Johnson composition, "Dust My Broom", which was a surprise R&B hit in 1952.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" /> His backing musicians became known as the Broomdusters.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" />

James broke his contract with Trumpet Records to sign with the Bihari brothers<ref name="auto" /> through their scout Ike Turner, who played guitar and piano on a couple of his early Bihari recordings. His "I Believe" was a hit a year later.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" /> During the 1950s he recorded for the Bihari brothers' Flair Records, Meteor Records, and Modern Records; he also recorded for Chess Records and Mel London's Chief Records.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He played lead guitar on Big Joe Turner's 1954 top 10 R&B hit "TV Mama".<ref>Swyner, Alan (1998). Liner notes to The Very Best of Big Joe Turner. Rhino CD 72968.</ref>

In 1959, he began recording for Bobby Robinson's Fire Records, which released "The Sky Is Crying", "My Bleeding Heart", "Stranger Blues", "Look on Yonder Wall", "Done Somebody Wrong", and "Shake Your Moneymaker", among others.<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" />

James died of a heart attack in Chicago in 1963, at the age of 45,<ref name="The Great Rock Discography" /> as he was about to tour Europe with that year's American Folk Blues Festival. He was buried in the Newport Baptist Church Cemetery, in Ebenezer, Mississippi.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> Phil Walden of Capricorn Records raised funds for a granite headstone for James's grave. The headstone which reads "King of the Slide Guitar", features a bronze relief of James playing guitar. It was revealed at a dedication ceremony sponsored by the Mt. Zion Memorial Fund in 1992.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

James was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 as an "Early Influence" inductee.<ref name=":0" /> He had been inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame within its initial list of inductions in 1980.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2012, he was honored with a marker on the Mississippi Blues Trail in Ebenezer.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Influence

James influenced many slide players, such as blues guitarists Homesick James, Hound Dog Taylor, and J. B. Hutto.<ref name="AMG">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His single string playing also influenced B.B. King and Chuck Berry.<ref name="AMG" /> Rock guitarists Jimi Hendrix, Duane Allman, Brian Jones, Jeremy Spencer, and Frank Zappa have acknowledged his influence.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In the Beatles' song "For You Blue", John Lennon plays a slide solo on a Höfner lap steel guitar;<ref name="Babiuk">Template:Cite book</ref> George Harrison encourages him with "Go, Johnny, goTemplate:Nbsp... Elmore James got nothin' on this, baby".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Discography

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Selected singles

• "Dust My Broom" (1951 and 1965)
• "I Believe" (1953)
• "Standing at the Crossroads" (1954 and 1965)
• "Dust My Blues" (1955)
• "It Hurts Me Too" (1957 and 1965)
• "The Sky Is Crying" (1960)
• "I Can't Hold Out" (1960)
• "Rollin' and Tumblin'" (1960)
• "Shake Your Moneymaker" (1961)
• "Look on Yonder Wall" (1961)
• "Bleeding Heart" (1965)
• "One Way Out" (1965)
• "Every Day I Have the Blues" (1965)
• "Madison Blues" (1968)

Selected compilation albums

• Blues After Hours (Crown, 1960)
• The Sky Is Crying (Sphere Sound, 1965)
• I Need You (Sphere Sound, 1966)
• Whose Muddy Shoes (Chess, 1969) (split album with John Brim)
• Street Talkin' (Muse, 1975) (split album with Eddie Taylor)
• Shake Your Money Maker (Charly R&B, 1986)
• Golden Classics (Collectables, 1988)
• King of the Slide Guitar (Capricorn, 1992)
• The Classic Early Recordings: 1951–1956 (Virgin/Flair, 1993)
• The Sky Is Crying: The History of Elmore James (Rhino, 1993)
• Rollin' and Tumblin' (Recall/Snapper, 1999)

Gallery

• Elmore James Blues Trail Marker.jpg

  Blues Trail Marker

• Elmore James Headstone.jpg

  Gravesite located at Newport Missionary Baptist Church

External links

• Illustrated Elmore James discography
• Elmore James | Mount Zion Memorial Fund
• 1980 Blues Foundation Hall of Fame Inductee