Emir of Qatar
Template:Short description Template:Infobox monarchy The Emir of the State of Qatar (Template:Langx) is the monarch and head of state of the country. The emir is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the Constitution. The emir holds the most powerful position in the country, and has a prominent role in foreign relations.
The emirs are members of the House of Al Thani, whose origins are in the Banu Tamim, one of the largest tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. The current ruler is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who succeeded on 25 June 2013.<ref name="New Emir BBC">Template:Cite news</ref>
Historical backgroundEdit
All the emirs of Qatar have been members of the Al Thani family.<ref name="qr">Qatar's Rulers. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref><ref name="tht">His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref> Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani is recognised as the first ruler from 1851 when he united the country's tribes under his leadership.<ref name="mbt">Sheikh Mohammed Bin Thani. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref>
Qatar became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1871, although Sheikh Mohammed retained control of its internal affairs.<ref name="mbt"/><ref name="Rogan1199">Template:Cite journal</ref> Following his army's victory at the Battle of Al Wajbah in March 1893, the second ruler Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani has been recognised as Founder of the State of Qatar, although it remained part of the Ottoman Empire until July 1913.<ref name="jmt">Sheikh Jassim Bin Mohammed Bin Thani. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref>
The Ottomans maintained a military presence in Qatar until August 1915 and Sheikh Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani signed the Anglo-Qatari Treaty on 3 November 1916. Sheikh Abdullah was the Qatari ruler from 1913 to 1949 and is one of the few, including Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, whose tenure extended through both world wars (1914–1945). Qatar's first oil well was drilled in October 1938 and oil was found at Dukhan in January 1940.<ref name="ajt">Sheikh Abdullah Bin Jassim Al Thani. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref>
Qatar became an independent state on 3 September 1971 and, since then, the ruler has been styled emir (amir).<ref name="aat">Sheikh Ahmad Bin Ali Al Thani. Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</ref>
SuccessionEdit
The permanent constitution of the state of Qatar, published in 2005, dictates that the rule is hereditary and limited to descendants of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. The order of succession in Qatar is determined by appointments within the House of Al Thani.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The former emir of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (Template:Langx), appointed his fourth son, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (Template:Langx), as heir apparent on 5 August 2003, after his older son Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (who held the position between 1996 and 2003) renounced his rights to the throne in favour of Sheikh Tamim.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
List of rulersEdit
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See alsoEdit
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ReferencesEdit
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