Eric III of Denmark

Eric III Lamb (Template:Langx, Template:Circa – 27 August 1146) was King of Denmark from 1137 until 1146. He was the grandson of Eric I and the nephew of Eric II, whom he succeeded on the throne. He abdicated in 1146, and was the only Danish monarch to do so voluntarily, until Margrethe II, 878 years later in 2024. His succession led to a period of civil war between Sweyn III, Canute V, and Valdemar I.

Biography

Eric was born on Funen. His mother was Ragnhild, the daughter of King Eric I,<ref name="kongehuset"/> and his father was the nobleman Hakon Sunnivasson, a great-grandson of King Magnus the Good of Norway and Denmark.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> Eric was the nephew of Eric II of Denmark; he fought for Eric II at the decisive Battle of Fotevik in 1134,<ref name="pajung">Stefan Pajung, Erik Lam ca. 1100-1147, Aarhus University, 20 January 2010, archived from the original on 7 August 2011.</ref> and succeeded him to the throne when he was murdered in 1137.

Not much is known of Eric's kingship;<ref name="gyldendal"/> there is much disagreement among contemporary chroniclers about his personality, and he is portrayed both as a passive and irresolute man, but also as an eager and brave fighter.<ref name="bricka"/>

Eric had to fight for his kingship against his cousin Olaf Haraldsen, sometimes called Olaf II. Olaf established a power base in Scania in 1139 and tried to usurp the throne from there, but Eric defeated and killed him in 1141 near Helsingborg. During the Danish Civil Wars, the Wends raided the Danish coasts and inlets without much Danish resistance. Eric supported Magnus the Blind and Sigurd Slembe in the Norwegian civil war.<ref name="pajung"/> He worked to aggrandize the church, especially St. Canute's Abbey in Odense,<ref name="gyldendal"/> and had a close relationship with bishop Eskil of Roskilde.<ref name="pajung"/>

In 1143, he married Lutgard of Salzwedel, daughter of Rudolf I, Margrave of the Nordmark.<ref name="pajung" /> Eric and Lutgard were married by Rudolf's son Hartwig, then Provost of Bremen Cathedral, in 1143 or 1144.Template:Citation needed

In 1146 Eric abdicated for unknown reasons. He was the only Danish monarch in history to do so until Margrethe II in 2024.<ref name="gyldendal"/> He entered St. Canute's Abbey, where he died on 27 August 1146 and was buried in the cloister.<ref name="pajung"/><ref name="gyldendal"/> His abdication has been explained as being rooted either in his realization of his inability to govern,<ref name="bricka"/> or in an illness which ultimately killed him.<ref name="pajung"/>

Legacy

His nickname "Lam" means "lamb". This is taken either to reference the Lamb of God as he was seen as a pious man,<ref name="kongehuset"/> and to describe his mildhearted and generous nature;<ref name="pajung"/> or to indicate a weak and soft king.<ref name="bricka">Carl Frederik Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, vol. IV [Clemens - Eynden], 1890, pp.541-542.</ref> He married Lutgard of Salzwedel in 1144, which indicated an increasing German influence on Denmark. He and Lutgard had no children, though Eric fathered a son, Magnus, out of wedlock. After Eric died, Lutgard married Herman II of Winzenburg.<ref name="bricka"/>