Incubator escapee wiki

Examination Yuan

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox government agency Template:Chinese Template:Politics of Taiwan

The Examination Yuan is the civil service commission branch in charge of validating the qualification of civil servants of the government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). It has a president, a vice president, and seven to nine members, all of whom are nominated by the president of the republic and confirmed by the Legislative Yuan for four-year terms according to Republic of China laws.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Organizational structureEdit

Members compositionEdit

The Examination Yuan consists of a council with a president, a vice president, and seven to nine members. The leaders and members are nominated by the president of the republic and approved by Legislative Yuan for four-year terms. The most recent 14th Examination Yuan was nominated by President Lai Ching-te on May 31, 2024,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and all nominations except one were later confirmed by Legislative Yuan on December 17, 2024.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Members of the 14th Yuan were inaugurated on December 20, 2024, and their terms will expired on August 31, 2028.

President Vice President
Chou Hung-hsien Hsu Shu-hsiang
Members
Six members (seven member were nominated but one member was rejected by the Legislative Yuan)<ref name=":0" />

AgenciesEdit

The Examination Yuan has four main agencies:<ref name="org"/>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Public Service Pension Fund Supervisory Board (Template:Zh)

Offices and committeesEdit

The Examination Yuan also includes twelve offices and three committees:<ref name="org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Counselors
  • Secretariat
  • First Division
  • Second Division
  • Third Division
  • Editing and Compilation Office
  • Information Management Office
  • Secretary Office
  • Personnel Office
  • Accounting Office
  • Statistics Office
  • Civil Service Ethics Office
  • Petition and Appeals Committee
  • Legal Affairs Committee
  • Research and Development Committee

HistoryEdit

Constitutional theoryEdit

The concept of Examination Yuan is a part of the Three Principles of the People formulated by Sun Yat-sen, which was enlightened by the old Imperial examination system used in Imperial China. It is one of the five government branches ("yuans") of the Government of the Republic of China. Practically, it operates like a ministry of the Executive Yuan,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> though its members may not be removed by the president or premier.Template:Cn

Establishment and relocation to TaiwanEdit

File:Examination Yuan main gate 20110603.jpg
Examination Yuan building in Wenshan, Taipei.

After the end of Northern Expedition in 1928, the Nationalist government set up the preparatory office of the Examination Yuan in October 1928 in which the organic law was promulgated. In May 1929, the headquarters of the Examination Yuan was inaugurated at Guan Gong and Yue Fei Temple in Nanjing. In January 1930, the Examination Yuan and its subordinates Examination Committee and Ministry of Civil Service were formally established. In December 1937, the headquarters was temporarily relocated to Chongqing during the Second Sino-Japanese War. After the end of World War II in 1945, the headquarters was moved back to Nanjing.

In January 1950, the headquarters were relocated temporarily to Taipei Confucius Temple in Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War. In December 1951, the headquarters were moved to Muzha District, Taipei. In March 1990, the Yuheng Building of the Yuan was inaugurated.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DemocratizationEdit

During the second revision of the Additional Articles of the Constitution in 1992, confirmation powers of its members were transferred from the Control Yuan to the Legislative Yuan, and articles related to its role as a governing body of mainland China were abolished. In 2019, the Examination Yuan was reduced from 19 members to between 7 and 9, and terms were reduced from 6 years to 4 to coincide with presidential and legislative elections.<ref name="2020amend">Template:Cite news</ref>

There have been calls to abolish the Examination Yuan (and the Control Yuan) by the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), the Taiwan People's Party (TPP) and New Power Party (NPP).<ref name="Tsai">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="lens">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TPP-NPP">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> TPP caucus whip Lai Hsiang-ling stated that members of the Examination Yuan hold "fat-cat patronage appointments", whereby they earn outside income on top of their usual salary, including by teaching at universities in mainland China.<ref name="TPP-NPP"/> Additionally, the functions of the Examination Yuan are seen as overlapping with those of the Executive Yuan, and an online poll showed about half of respondents supported its abolishment.<ref name="lens"/> President Tsai Ing-wen called for the two Yuans to be abolished at the DPP national congress in 2020;<ref name="Tsai"/> the Kuomintang responded by saying that it was an effort to distract from the DPP's poor leadership, but did not provide their stance on the matter.<ref name="Tsai"/> A constitutional amendment committee was formed in September of 2020 to draft proposals for the abolition of the Examination Yuan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

TermsEdit

Appointments of the leaders and members of the Examination Yuan were carried out with presidential nomination and parliamentary confirmation. The first through eighth Examination Yuans were all confirmed by the first Control Yuan, whose members first convened in 1948 and had their terms extended indefinitely. During the democratization of Taiwan in the 1990s, a series of constitutional amendments known as the Additional Articles of the Constitution were promulgated to reorganize the government. These amendments changed the Control Yuan from a parliament chamber to a commission-type agency. Confirmation of the Examination Yuan officials was then moved to other parliament chambers to maintain the separation of powers.

Term Length Actual length Appointment Seats
1st 6 years Sep 8, 1948—Aug 31, 1954 Presidential nomination with
Control Yuan confirmation		 19
2nd Sep 1, 1954—Aug 31, 1960
3rd Sep 1, 1960—Aug 31, 1966
4th Sep 1, 1966—Aug 31, 1972
5th Sep 1, 1972—Aug 31, 1978
6th Sep 1, 1978—Aug 31, 1984
7th Sep 1, 1984—Aug 31, 1990
8th Sep 1, 1990—Aug 31, 1996
9th Sep 1, 1996—Aug 31, 2002 Presidential nomination with
National Assembly confirmation
10th Sep 1, 2002—Aug 31, 2008 Presidential nomination with
Legislative Yuan confirmation
11th Sep 1, 2008—Aug 31, 2014
12th Sep 1, 2014—Aug 31, 2020
13th 4 years Sep 1, 2020—Aug 31, 2024 9
14th Dec 20, 2024—present 7

Currently, according to the Additional Articles of the Constitution, the Examination Yuan is confirmed by the now-unicameral parliament — the Legislative Yuan.

Presidents and vice presidents of the Examination YuanEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Notable membersEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Sister project Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Examination_Yuan&oldid=239017"