Fart lighting
Fart lighting, also known as pyroflatulence or flatus ignition, is the practice of igniting the gases produced by flatulence. The resulting flame is often of a blue hue hence the act being known colloquially as a "blue angel", "blue dart" or in Australia, a "blue flame". Other colors of flame such as orange and yellow are possible depending on the mixture of gases formed in the colon.
In 1999, author Jim Dawson observed that fart lighting has been a novelty practice primarily among young men or college students for decades but is discouraged for its potential for causing harm.<ref name="Who Cut the Cheese?: A Cultural History of the Fart ">Template:Cite book</ref> Such experiments typically occur on camping trips and in single-sex group residences, such as tree-houses, dormitories, or fraternity houses.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> With the advent of video sharing features online, hundreds of self-produced videos, both documentary as well as spoof, have been posted to sites such as YouTube.<ref name="On YouTube, you too can be a star">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In his book The Curse of the Self: Self-Awareness, Egotism, and the Quality of Human Life, author Jim Dawson explains how a great deal of unhappiness is due to people's inability to exert control over their thoughts and behavior and that "stupid stunts", including lighting flatulence, were a way to make an impression and be included in group bonding or hazing.<ref name="The Curse of the Self: Self-Awareness">Template:Cite book</ref>
There are many anecdotal accounts of flatus ignition, and the activity appears in popular culture. In his book Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive Story of Frank Zappa, author Neil Slaven quotes Zappa discussing "the manly art of fart-burning", and Zappa's lyrics for "Let's Make the Water Turn Black" include "Ronny helping Kenny helping burn his poots away".<ref name="Electric Don Quixote: The Definitive">Template:Cite book</ref> Another Zappa book quotes his neighbor Kenny Williams saying that it demonstrates "compression, ignition, combustion and exhaust."<ref name="The Real Frank Zappa Book">Template:Cite book</ref>
There have been documented cases of flatulence during surgery being inadvertently ignited causing patient injury and the risk of death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
ChemistryEdit
The composition of flatus varies dramatically among individuals. Flatulence produces a mixture of gases including methane,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> which burns in oxygen forming water and carbon dioxide often producing a blue hue (ΔcH = −891 kJ/mol),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as:
- Template:Chem(g) + 2 Template:Chem(g) → Template:Chem(g) + 2 Template:Chem(g)
Hydrogen sulfide is also flammable (ΔcH = −519 kJ/mol),<ref>Hydrogen sulfideTemplate:Rs</ref> and burns to
- 2 Template:Chem(g) + 3 Template:Chem(g) → 2 Template:Chem(g) + 2 Template:Chem(g)
Gas productionEdit
Some of the gases that cause flatulence, such as methane and hydrogen, are produced by bacteria which live in symbiosis within the large intestines of humans and other mammals. The gases are created as a by-product of the bacteria's digestion of food into relatively simpler substances.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}Template:Rs</ref> The oxygen and nitrogen component of flatus can be accounted for by aerophagy while the CO2 component results from the reaction of stomach acids (HCl) with alkaline pancreatic bile (NaHCO3).
The odor associated with flatus is due to hydrogen sulfide, skatole, indole, volatile amines, and short-chain fatty acids also produced by the bacteria. These substances are detectable by olfactory neurons in concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion, hydrogen sulfide being the most detectable.<ref>Levitt M. D. and Bond J. H. (1978) in Intestinal Gas and Gastrointestinal DiseaseTemplate:Vs</ref>