Flin Flon

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Flin Flon (pop. 5,185 in 2016 census; 4,982 in Manitoba and 203 in Saskatchewan) is a mining city, located on a correction line on the border of the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, with the majority of the city located within Manitoba. Residents thus travel southwest into Saskatchewan, and northeast into Manitoba. The city is incorporated in, and is jointly administered by, both provinces.

EtymologyEdit

File:Flinty Statue 2.jpg

The town is named after the fictional character Josiah Flintabbatey Flonatin.

The town's name is taken from the lead character in a 1905 paperback novel, The Sunless City by J. E. Preston Muddock. Josiah Flintabbatey Flonatin piloted a submarine into a bottomless lake where he sailed through a hole lined with gold to enter a strange underground world. A copy of the book was allegedly found and read by prospector Tom Creighton.

When Creighton discovered a high-grade exposure of copper, he thought of the book and called it Flin Flon's mine, and the town that developed around the mine adopted the name. Flin Flon shares the distinction of being named after a character in an adventure novel with Tarzana, California and Le Plessis-Robinson, France.

The character of "Flinty", as he is locally known, is of such importance to the identity of the city that in 2003, the local Chamber of Commerce commissioned the minting of a $3.00 coin which was considered legal tender amongst locally participating retailers until September 2004 and a $5.00 coin<ref>$5.00 coin</ref> which was in circulation until December 31, 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A statue representing Flinty was designed by cartoonist Al Capp and is one of the points of interest of the city. In 1978, the National Film Board of Canada produced the short documentary Canada Vignettes: Flin Flon about the origin of the city's name.<ref name=nfb>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

HistoryEdit

Flin Flon was founded in 1927 by Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting (Hudbay) to exploit the large local copper and zinc ore resources. In the late 1920s, HBM&S invested in a railway, mine, smelter, and a hydroelectric power plant at Island Falls, Saskatchewan. By 1928, the rail line reached the mine.

The town grew considerably during the 1930s as those impoverished by the Great Depression came to work at the mines. A significant number of farmers abandoned their farms and were among those looking for work. The municipality was incorporated on January 1, 1933, and reached city status in 1970. The city has continued to be a mining centre with the development of several mines adding to its industrial base, although its population has been in decline since the 1960s. With a scenic setting and a number of nearby lakes, Flin Flon has also become a popular tourist destination.

During the 2025 Canadian wildfires, Flin Flon evacuated and braced for devastation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

GeographyEdit

File:Flin Flon in the Fall.JPG

Flin Flon in the fall

File:2009-0520-WhitneyLake-FlinFlon.JPG

Lake Athapapuskow, near Bakers Narrows Provincial Park and the airport; the photo was taken in late May, demonstrating that snow is possible (though unlikely) even that late in the year.

Flin Flon straddles the provincial boundary of Manitoba and Saskatchewan with the majority of the city located in Manitoba. The 2016 census reported 4,982 residents in the Manitoba portion and 203 in the Saskatchewan section; the Manitoba portion has a land area of Template:Convert, while the Saskatchewan portion has a land area of Template:Convert. Due to the zig-zag nature of the Saskatchewan-Manitoba boundary correction lines, the Saskatchewan section of town lies south of the Manitoba section, not west. Main Street crosses the provincial boundary just south of its intersection with Church Street; Hudson Street crosses the provincial boundary between its intersections with 5 Ave E. and Harrison Street, adopting the new name South Hudson Street at the point of crossing; an undeveloped stretch of Channing Drive briefly crosses into Saskatchewan before reentering Manitoba just west of the city's rural Channing neighbourhood.

For Canada Post purposes, residents in the Saskatchewan portion of the city retain the local Manitoba R8A postal code, and often use a Flin Flon, MB address.<ref name=reminder>"For Flin Flon SK residents, there are pros and cons". The Reminder, August 4, 2016.</ref> For telephone service, however, they are located in Saskatchewan's area code 306 as part of the Creighton telephone exchange, rather than Manitoba's area code 204. However, residents in Saskatchewan may use either Saskatchewan's SaskTel or Manitoba's Bell MTS systems for cellular services.<ref name=reminder/> Electrical service is received from Manitoba Hydro for both the Manitoba and Saskatchewan parts of the city.<ref name=reminder/>

The majority of Flin Flon's surface topology is exposed Canadian Shield bedrock, hence the nickname "the city built on rock". Due to this and climatic factors, agriculture is generally not possible; however, grain farming is found Template:Convert southeast in The Pas, Manitoba, which is south of the Canadian Shield. The extensive bedrock exposure led to some interesting adaptations. In the northwestern areas of the city, there is often not enough overburden to bury water and sewer lines, so "sewer boxes" exist above surface to house the infrastructure. Many of these are used as ad-hoc sidewalks.

ClimateEdit

Flin Flon experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). There is a wide range in seasonal temperatures, with warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Temperatures in January have an average low of Template:Convert and an average high of Template:Convert. Temperatures in July have an average high of Template:Convert and an average low of Template:Convert.<ref name= CCN1 /> The highest (reliable)Template:Efn temperature ever recorded in Flin Flon was Template:Convert on July 19, 1941.<ref name="July 1941"/> The coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on January 15, 1930.<ref name="CCN1"/> Template:Weather box

Template:Wide image

DemographicsEdit

Template:Historical populations Template:Stack Template:Stack

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Manitoba portion of Flin Flon had a population of 4,940 living in 2,280 of its 2,533 total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of 4,991. With a land area of Template:Cvt, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Also in the 2021 census, the Saskatchewan portion of Flin Flon had a population of Template:Val living in Template:Val of its Template:Val total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of Template:Val. With a land area of Template:Convert, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Canada 2006 Census		Population	% of total population
Visible minority group Source:<ref>Flon&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Census Subdivision</ref><ref>Flon&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=, Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada – Census Subdivision</ref>	South Asian	15	0.3
	Chinese	0	0
	Black	10	0.2
	Filipino	30	0.5
	Latin American	0	0
	Arab	0	0
	Southeast Asian	0	0
	West Asian	0	0
	Korean	0	0
	Japanese	10	0.2
	Other visible minority	0	0
	Mixed visible minority	0	0
Total visible minority population		65	1.1
Aboriginal group Source:<ref>[1] Template:Webarchive, Aboriginal Peoples – Data table</ref><ref>[2] Template:Webarchive, Aboriginal Peoples – Data table</ref>	First Nations	290	5
	Métis	655	11.4
	Inuit	0	0
Total Indigenous population		950	16.5
European		4,755	82.4
Total population		5,770	100

TransportationEdit

File:A typical street in Flin Flon.JPG

A typical street in "uptown" Flin Flon

RoadEdit

Flin Flon is accessed by Manitoba Provincial Trunk Highway 10, Saskatchewan Highway 106 and Saskatchewan Highway 167. The city also runs a small public bus system.<ref name=transit>City of Flin Flon – Transportation</ref>

AirEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} The city operates Flin Flon Airport, which is located southeast of the city, immediately west of the Bakers Narrows Provincial Park.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The airport has a single asphalt runway, and has regular flights to and from Winnipeg through Calm Air. There is also an airport in nearby Channing, MB for small aircraft use.

RailEdit

The Hudson Bay Railway operates railway freight service on its railway line between The Pas and Flin Flon.

The rail line to Churchill was washed out in June 2017 and remained out of service for over a year when then-owner Omnitrax refused to repair it. The City of Flin Flon purchased shares in One North, one of the partners of purchasing consortium Arctic Gateway Group Limited Partnership. The rail line was subsequently repaired by Cando Rail Services and Paradox Access Solutions.<ref name=AGT>Template:Cite news</ref>

EconomyEdit

Main employersEdit

File:Flin Flon mining.jpg

Prior to the smelter closure in June 2010 (seen here with its 251m-high stack), pollution was a major issue as demonstrated by the yellow trail, which was seeded by the aerosols from the copper smelter.

Note that the number of workers with the classification of "Mining" will be highly variable following the June 2022 closure of the 777 mine and the planned impending closure of the majority of the Hudbay Flin Flon operations.<ref name="comp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

**Flin Flon's five largest private-sector employers (circa 2007)** <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Company	Service	Number of employees
Hudbay	Mining	900
Flin Flon School Division	Education	137
Victoria Inn	Hotel	57
Walmart	Retail	32
Canadian Tire	Automotive supplies and service	30

MiningEdit

The economy of Flin Flon was primarily reliant on base metal production (primarily copper and zinc with lesser gold and silver). Since the late 1910s, approximately 17 mines have operated in the Flin Flon vicinity. The most recent mine, the 777 Mine, closed in June 2022 with decommissioning completed shortly thereafter.<ref name="comp"/>

Sphalerite (zinc) concentrate was produced and processed on-site to refined zinc while chalcopyrite (copper) concentrate was produced and sold for external copper production. Prior to the smelter closure in 2010, the chalcopyrite concentrate was refined on location.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although processing of any sulphide material usually emits large amounts of sulfur dioxide, the Hudbay plant uses a zinc pressure leaching (ZPL) process which greatly reduces emissions.

File:DC Electric Locomotive.jpg

A DC Electric Locomotive, used at the main plant, is on display at the Flin Flon Museum.

Marijuana productionEdit

Flin Flon gained international notoriety in 2002 when the Government of Canada awarded a four-year contract to Saskatoon-based Prairie Plant Systems for the production of medicinal marijuana. The company set up operations in a mined-out area of the then-active Trout Lake Mine, an underground copper/zinc mine located just over Template:Convert northeast of Flin Flon city limits and owned by the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company (later Hudbay) to produce approximately Template:Convert of medicinal marijuana annually. The entire operation was situated approximately Template:Convert underground for security and climate control reasons.

In 2009, Prairie Plant Systems discontinued operation at the mine due to the expiry of their lease and the uncertainty regarding the pending closure of the mine, which occurred in 2011.<ref>"Trout Lake plant potential on hold", December 18, 2009, retrieved 2022-08-17</ref>

CultureEdit

ArtsEdit

Flin Flon has an active local arts and culture scene. The Flin Flon Arts Council has been instrumental in building the local arts scene, and has also brought high-quality performers, such as the Royal Winnipeg Ballet, into the community for special events. The R.H. Channing Auditorium in the Flin Flon Community Hall hosts concerts and theatrical performances, including those produced by the local theatre troupe "Ham Sandwich".

In 2010, the Northern Visual Arts Centre (or NorVA) was established as a studio and gallery space for local visual artists. NorVA frequently hosts workshops, concerts and other community arts-based events.

Every two years, the Flin Flon Community Choir performs a largely extravagant musical production for the community. In 2013, the Flin Flon Community Choir presented Chicago: The Musical, to great acclaim. They presented Les Miserables in 2015, Grease in 2017, and Mama Mia in 2019. Past performances have included Beauty and the Beast, Fiddler on the Roof, and Bombertown, among many others.

Culture Days, a national festival celebrating arts and culture, is a popular event in Flin Flon. Culture Days is held on the last weekend of September each year. In 2018, Flin Flon ranked second in the country, only following Winnipeg, for the number of free events (including concerts, workshops, artist talks and kids' activities) offered to community members and visitors. Toronto followed Flin Flon with the number of events, ranking third, down from second in 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Flin Flon is the fictional home of the comic book superhero Captain Canuck.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Petting zooEdit

The city operates the Joe Brain Petting Zoo. It is open from June through August, weather permitting. It features a picnic area, playground, basketball hoops, and a wading pool.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SportsEdit

File:Flin Flon Bombers 3.JPG

Retired jerseys that include some NHL greats

File:Flin Flon Bombers 1.JPG

Flin Flon Bombers home game at the Whitney Forum

Flin Flon is the home of the Flin Flon Bombers of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League and the birthplace of NHL great and Hall of Fame member Bobby Clarke. As captain of the team, he led the Philadelphia Flyers to two NHL Stanley Cup championships in the 1970s, and was a star on the 1972 Team Canada Summit Series roster. Other NHLers hailing from Flin Flon include Ken Baird, Ken Baumgartner, Matt Davidson, Kim Davis, Dean Evason, Al Hamilton, Ted Hampson (who was captain of the Flin Flon Bombers Memorial Cup team in 1957 and the second player to ever receive the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy), Gerry Hart, Ron Hutchinson, George Konik, Ray Maluta, Tom Gilmore, Dunc McCallum, Eric Nesterenko, Mel Pearson, Reid Simpson, David Struch, and Ernie Wakely.

MediaEdit

Newspapers & magazines

The Reminder – published every Wednesday – Flin Flon's only newspaper
Northroots Magazine – a bi-monthly glossy, regional publication, northroots.ca published February, April, June, August, October and December. In-flight reading on Calm Air.
Cottage North Magazine – local interest, local stories, and local people – ceased publication in September 2015

Books

Tales From a Town With a Funny Name – by Doug Evans

Radio

CFAR 590 (AM), 102.9 (FM)
CBWF-FM 90.9 (CBC Radio One)
CKSB-4-FM 99.9 (Ici Radio-Canada Première)
CIFF-FM 101.1 (NCI)

Television

CKYF-TV channel 13 (CTV, analogue repeater of CKY-DT Winnipeg)
Shaw Communications operates a community programming channel; CATV Channel 11: Shaw TV

Television in Flin Flon began in June 1962 with the opening of CBC Television station CBWBT channel 10. The station broadcast kine recordings, sent to the transmitter from CBWT Winnipeg. On March 1, 1969, the province-wide microwave system replaced the kine recordings originating at CBWT, giving citizens of Flin Flon access to live television.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The repeater (along with Radio-Canada repeater CBWFT-2 channel 3) closed down July 31, 2012, due to the CBC's closure of its rebroadcasters.<ref>Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-384, July 17, 2012.</ref>

Law and governmentEdit

MunicipalEdit

File:Flin Flon City Hall.JPG

Flin Flon City Hall

The operations of the City of Flin Flon are administered by the city council, whose members set the policies. The city council consists of a mayor and six councillors who are elected and serve a term of four years. The current council was elected on October 24, 2018, and consists of the following members:

**Flin Flon City Council**<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Position	Name
Mayor	George Fontaine
Councillor	Alison Dallas-Funk
Councillor	Judy Eagle
Councillor	Bill Hanson
Councillor	Steve Lytwyn
Councillor	Heather Richardson
Councillor	Mike Slipp

ProvincialEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

citation
CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Year		Liberal		Conservative		New Democratic		Green
rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour\|	2021	Template:Canadian party colour \| 13%	259	Template:Canadian party colour \| 45%	887	Template:Canadian party colour \| 29%	579	Template:Canadian party colour \| 3%	60
2019	Template:Canadian party colour \| 10%	234	Template:Canadian party colour \| 45%	1,037	Template:Canadian party colour \| 38%	881	Template:Canadian party colour \| 5%	113

citation
CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Year		PC		New Democratic		Liberal
rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour\|	2019	Template:Canadian party colour \| 38%	658	Template:Canadian party colour \| 52%	887	Template:Canadian party colour \| 5%	85
2016	Template:Canadian party colour \| 27%	480	Template:Canadian party colour \| 33%	583	Template:Canadian party colour \| 26%	453

citation
CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Year		Saskatchewan		New Democratic
style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour\|	2020	Template:Canadian party colour \| 40%	16	Template:Canadian party colour \| 56%	22
style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour\|	2016	Template:Canadian party colour \| 58%	39	Template:Canadian party colour \| 29%	20

Flin Flon is in the southwest corner of the Manitoba provincial electoral district of the same name, and is the only urban centre within the district. The current Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is Tom Lindsey of the NDP. He has served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba since 2016.

The Saskatchewan portion of Flin Flon is in the electoral district of Cumberland. This district's current MLA is Jordan McPhail of the NDP. He has served in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan since 2024.

FederalEdit