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Flora (mythology)

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox deity

File:INC-3004-a Ауреус. Ок. 43—39 гг. до н. э. Монетарий Клодий Весталий (аверс).png
Flora on a gold aureus of 43–39 BCE

Flora (Template:Langx) is a Roman goddess of flowers and spring.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was one of the twelve deities of traditional Roman religion who had their own flamen, the Floralis, one of the flamines minores. Her association with spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime, as did her role as goddess of youth.<ref>H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238</ref> She is one of several fertility goddesses and a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology. Her Greek counterpart is Chloris.

EtymologyEdit

The name Flōra descends from Proto-Italic *flōsā ('goddess of flowers'), itself a derivation from Proto-Italic *flōs ('flower'; cf. Latin flōs, flōris 'blossom, flower').Template:Sfn It is cognate with the Oscan goddess of flowers Fluusa, demonstrating that the cult was known more widely among Italic peoples. The name ultimately derives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃ōs ('blossoming').Template:Sfn

Festivals and templesEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Flora's festival, the Floralia, was held between April 28 and May 3 and was celebrated with drinking, flowers, and entertainments (ludi).<ref name="NewLarousse2">Template:Cite book</ref> The festival was first instituted in 240 BCE, and on the advice of the Sibylline books, she was also given a temple in 238 BCE. At the festival, with the men decked in flowers, and the women wearing normally forbidden gay costumes, five days of farces and mimes were enacted – ithyphallic,<ref>P/ Green ed., Juvenal: The Sixteen Satires (1982) p. 156</ref> and including nudity when called for<ref>H. J. Rose, A Handbook of Latin Literature (1967) p. 151</ref> – followed by a sixth day of the hunting of goats and hares.<ref>H. Nettleship ed., A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1891) p. 238</ref> On May 23 another flower festival was held, the Rosalia.<ref name="NewLarousse2" />

Interpretatio graecaEdit

Flora's Greek equivalent is the nymph Chloris,<ref>Smith, s.v. Chloris (3).</ref> whose myths were assimilated to Flora in mythological narratives (interpretatio graeca). The Hellenized Flora was married to Favonius, the wind god also known as Zephyr, and her companion was Hercules. According to the legend, Flora ran away from Favonius, but he caught her, married her and gave her dominion over the flowers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In the classical traditionEdit

MusicEdit

Flora is the main character of the 1894 ballet The Awakening of Flora.

In paintingEdit

SculptureEdit

There are many monuments to Flora, for example in Rome (Italy), Valencia (Spain), and Szczecin (Poland).

  • Flora statue orangerie Kassel.jpg

    statue of Flora at Orangerie Kassel, around 1703

  • Flora Farnese (Napoli).jpg

    Flora Farnese (Naples), mid-18th century AD

  • PosagFloryWSzczecinie.jpg

    Statue of Flora in Szczecin, Poland, 1730.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

BibliographyEdit

PrimaryEdit

  • Ovid, Fasti V.193-212
  • Macrobius, Saturnalia I.10.11-14
  • Lactantius, Divinae institutions I.20.6-10

External linksEdit

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