Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox military person Forrest Percival Sherman (October 30, 1896 – July 22, 1951) was an admiral in the United States Navy and the youngest person to serve as Chief of Naval Operations until Admiral Elmo Zumwalt in 1970. The Template:Sclass and the airfield at Naval Air Station Pensacola (Forrest Sherman Field) were named for him.
Early life and educationEdit
Born in Merrimack, New Hampshire, Sherman was a member of the United States Naval Academy class of 1918, graduating in June 1917 due to America's entry into World War I.
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During and shortly after World War I, Sherman served in European waters as an officer of the gunboat Template:USS and destroyer Template:USS. In 1919–21, Sherman was assigned to the battleship Template:USS and destroyers Template:USS and Template:USS, serving as commanding officer of the latter.
Following duty as Flag Lieutenant to Commander Control Force, Atlantic Fleet, he received flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. Designated a Naval Aviator in December 1922, Lieutenant Sherman was assigned to Fighter Squadron VF-2B until 1924, when he returned to Pensacola as an instructor. Study at the Naval War College was followed in 1927 by service in the aircraft carriers Template:USS and Template:USS. While in the latter ship, he commanded Scouting Squadron VS-2B and was Flag Secretary to Commander Aircraft Squadrons, Battle Fleet.
Promoted to the ranks of lieutenant commander in 1930 and commander in 1937, during that decade Sherman served at the Naval Academy, commanded Fighter Squadron VF-1B, had charge of the Aviation Ordnance Section of the Bureau of Ordnance, was Navigator of the aircraft carrier Template:USS, and had duty on a number of flag staffs. In 1941–42, he served with the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and was a member of the Permanent Joint Board on Defense, Canada-United States.
Commander Sherman worked closely with then US Army Major Albert C. Wedemeyer, author of the "Victory Plan of 1941", "the blueprint... for the mobilization of the United States Army for World War 2". Wedemeyer, while working in the War Plans Department, was commissioned to write the "Victory Plan by General George C. Marshall."
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The Victory Plan predicted the future organization for an army that did not yet exist, outlined combat missions for a war not yet declared, and computed war production requirements for industries that were still committed to peacetime manufacture." Captain Forrest Sherman's personal relationship with Major Albert Wedemeyer "ensured a community of planning effort between the two services and pointed to a future in which the services would acknowledge that mobilization planning was a joint responsibility that one service alone could not conduct adequately.{{#if:Charles E. Kirkpatrick, Writing the Victory Plan of 1941|{{#if:|}}
— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries}}
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In May 1942, after reaching the rank of captain, Sherman took command of the carrier Template:USS, taking the ship through the first month of the Solomon Islands campaign.
After Wasp was sunk by a Japanese submarine on September 15, 1942, Sherman was awarded the Navy Cross for his extraordinary heroism in command of the carrier during the opening days of the South Pacific operations. Sherman then became Chief of Staff to Commander Air Force, Pacific Fleet. In November 1943, Rear Admiral Sherman was assigned as Deputy Chief of Staff to the Pacific Fleet commander, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. He held that position for the remainder of World War II, playing a critical role in planning the offensives that brought victory in the Pacific, and was present when Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945. Following a short tour as a carrier division commander, in December 1945 Vice Admiral Sherman became Deputy Chief of Naval Operations. During 1946 and 1947 he had a vital role in the negotiations for the unification process leading to the 1947 National Security Act.
Sherman's next assignment, beginning in January 1948, was to command the navy's operating forces in the Mediterranean Sea. He was recalled to Washington, D.C., at the end of October 1949 to become Chief of Naval Operations, with the rank of admiral. During the next sixteen months, he helped the navy recover from a period of intense political controversy (as in the so-called "Revolt of the Admirals"). Sherman's absence from the recent controversy, and his role in the unification negotiations made him the logical candidate. <ref> Palmer, Michael A., Origins of the Maritime Strategy. The Development of American Naval Strategy 1945-1955 </ref> As Chief of Naval Operations, he oversaw the responses to the twin challenges of a hot war in Korea and an intensifying cold war elsewhere in the world.
On July 22, 1951, while on a military and diplomatic trip to Europe, Admiral Forrest Sherman died in Naples, Italy, following a sudden series of heart attacks. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery on July 27, 1951.
LegacyEdit
Template:USS, lead ship of the Template:Sclasss was named in his honor, followed by Template:USS, an Template:Sclass guided missile destroyer.
Also named in his honor was Sherman Island, Antarctica; Forrest Sherman Field at NAS Pensacola, home of the Blue Angels; and Forrest Sherman Field at Hospital Point at the US Naval Academy. The US Department of Defense school in Naples, Italy was formerly called Forrest Sherman High School.
Decorations and medalsEdit
Admiral Sherman's decorations include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Naval Aviator Badge | ||
| Navy Cross | Navy Distinguished Service Medal | Legion of Merit |
| Purple Heart (award for wounds received aboard the USS Wasp) | Victory Medal with "Patrol" Clasp | American Defense Service Medal with "Fleet" clasp |
| American Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three battle stars | World War II Victory Medal |
| Navy Occupation Service Medal | National Defense Service Medal | Philippine Liberation Medal with one battle star |
ReferencesEdit
- The quotesTemplate:Which from the "Victory Plan of 1941" and Captain Forrest Sherman are from Writing the Victory Plan of 1941, Charles E. Kirkpatrick, Center of Military History, Washington, D.C., 1942
- File:PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.{{#if:|{{#if:| The entries can be found [{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} here] and [{{#if:1|{{{2}}}}} here].| The entry can be found [{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} here].}}}}
- Some material is from the official site of USS Forrest Sherman, produced by the navy and therefore in the public domain.
External linksEdit
Template:Portal Template:Sister project Template:Sister project
- Material on Forest Sherman at the US Navy Historical Center
- ANC Explorer
- Forrest P. Sherman Papers, 1903-1941 (bulk 1903-1917) MS 557 held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy
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