Frederick Guthrie (scientist)
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Frederick Guthrie FRS FRSE (15 October 1833 – 21 October 1886) was a British physicist, chemist, and academic author.
He was the son of Alexander Guthrie, a London tradesman, and the younger brother of mathematician Francis Guthrie. Along with William Fletcher Barrett he founded the Physical Society of London (now the Institute of Physics) in 1874 and was president of the society from 1884 until 1886.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He believed that science should be based on experimentation rather than discussion.
Academic careerEdit
His academic career started at University College, London, where he studied for three years. He studied chemistry under Thomas Graham and Alexander William Williamson and mathematics under Augustus De Morgan. In 1852, he submitted his brother Francis's observations to De Morgan.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1854 Guthrie went to Heidelberg to study under Robert Bunsen and then in 1855 obtained a PhD at the University of Marburg under Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 1856 he joined Edward Frankland, professor of chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. In 1859 he went to the University of Edinburgh.
Guthrie synthesized mustard gas in 1860 from ethylene and sulfur dichloride. Guthrie was probably not the first to synthesize mustard gas, but he was among the first to document its toxic effects. Guthrie did his mustard gas synthesis at almost the same time as Albert Niemann, who also synthesized mustard gas and noted its toxic effects in his own experiments.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Both Guthrie and Niemann published their findings on 1 January 1860.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
In 1860 Guthrie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being Lyon Playfair. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1871.<ref name="auto">Template:Cite book</ref>
He served as professor of chemistry and physics at the Royal College of Mauritius between 1861 and 1867.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Guthrie was later a professor at the Royal School of Mines in London, where he mentored the future experimental physicist C. V. Boys. He also mentored John Ambrose Fleming and was instrumental in turning his interest from chemistry to electricity.
He invented the thermionic diode 1873 (for which alternate credit was sometimes later given to Edison's assistant W. J. Hammer)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and coined the term eutectic in 1884.
Guthrie wrote Elements of Heat in 1868 and Magnetism and Electricity in 1873 (published in 1876).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Guthrie was also a linguist, playwright, and poet. Under the name Frederick Cerny, he wrote the poems The Jew (1863) and Logrono (1877).
Guthrie died in 1886 and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London.<ref name="auto"/>
FamilyEdit
He was married four times.
His son Frederick Bickell Guthrie was an agricultural chemist.