Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin

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Count Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin (Template:Langx; 1650 – Template:OldStyleDate) was a Russian statesman, diplomat, and military leader. During the reign of Peter the Great, Golovin served as foreign minister from 1699–1706, and became the first chancellor of Russia. In addition to his political roles, he held the positions of field marshal and general admiral, mostly holding the titles nominally and acting more in the capacity of a military administrator.<ref name="Bushkovitch 2001">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="Massie 1980">Template:Cite book</ref>

BiographyEdit

Golovin came from a family of Russian treasurers of Byzantine Greek descent.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Diplomatic careerEdit

File:Портрет к статье «Головин, Федор Алексеевич, граф». Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg

Portrait in the Sytin Military Encyclopedia

During the regency of Sophia Alekseyevna, Golovin was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Amur River region and entered into negotiations with the Qing dynasty over border disputes with the Tsardom of Russia. In August 1689, he served as the Tsardom's representative in signing the Treaty of Nerchinsk with the Qing. Upon his return to Moscow, he was granted the title of boyar by Peter the Great, who had overthrown Sophia, his half-sister, in September 1689.<ref name="Britannica Golovin Web">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1697, Golovin was appointed as one of three diplomats to head Peter's Grand Embassy to Western Europe, along with Franz Lefort, the chief ambassador, and Prokopii Voznitsyn.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> When Lefort died in 1699, Golovin succeeded him as general admiral.<ref name="Bushkovitch 2001"/> During this time, he also became the first person to be decorated with the newly instituted Order of St. Andrew.Template:Sfn

Foreign ministerEdit

File:Golovin memorial vasilievskii island.jpg

Monument to Fyodor Alekseevich Golovin in St. Petersburg, Vasilievsky Island.

Upon Lefort's death in March 1699, Golovin succeeded him as de facto foreign minister until he was officially appointed as the head of the Ambassadorial Chancellery in February 1700.<ref name="Bushkovitch 2001"/> In October 1699, Golovin and Peter Shafirov participated in a secret meeting between Peter and Johann Patkul, in which Russia allied themselves with Saxony, Denmark–Norway, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Sweden in the upcoming Great Northern War. At the start of the conflict, he was appointed as a field marshal by Peter.<ref name="Massie 1980"/>

In June 1700, Golovin helped successfully negotiate the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople with the Ottoman Empire.<ref name ="Britannica Golovin Web"/> The treaty extended Russian-Turkish peace for thirty years, and the Ottomans seceded the Azov region and additional territory in Kuban to the Tsardom. The treaty secured the Tsardom's southern border with the Ottomans, and allowed it to focus more of its resources towards the Great Northern War until Ottoman involvement in 1710.Template:Citation needed

DeathEdit

Golovin died on Template:OldStyleDate, in Glukhov, on the road from Moscow to Kyiv. His remains were transported to the Simonov Monastery.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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SourcesEdit

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Bushkovitch, Paul, A Concise History of Russia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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