Gaoyou
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}}Template:Main other Gaoyou (Template:Zh), is a county-level city under the administration of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China, located in the Yangtze River Delta on the north side of the Yangtze River.
HistoryEdit
Recent archaeological finds at the Longqiuzhuang site in Gaoyou has found evidence of rice growing dating back 5,500-7,000 years. Gaoyou ting (commune, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) located in this area was established in Qin dynasty. Then Gaoyou county whose seat was the former commune was established in BC 118.<ref>讀史方輿紀要, Vol. 23: "高郵廢縣今州治。秦高郵亭也。漢置縣,屬廣陵國,後皆為高郵縣。宋始為高郵軍治。元為府治。明初省。今州城周十里有奇。"</ref>
In 1353, Zhang Shicheng revolted and captured the walled city of Gaoyou. In the next year, Zhang established Kingdom of Dazhou, while Gaoyou functioned as its temporary capital until 1356. Later, the city withstood the siege led by Toqto'a, since the complicated politics severely reduced the cohesion of the Yuan army. At that time, it was one of the 46 important mail posts along the Grand Canal between Beijing and Nanjing. It was in use until the 1911 Revolution.
On 2 October 1939, the Japanese army captured the walled city. Three months after Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, Gaoyou Japanese and fake troops, surrounded by the military and civilians in the liberated areas, resisted and refused to lay down their arms.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> At this time, there were two brigades and one artillery squadron of the 90th Independent Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army stationed in Gaoyou city, with more than 1,100 men, as well as the 42nd Division of the False Second Front Army and the False County Security Brigade and Police Brigade with more than 5,000 men.<ref name=":1" /> In order to crush the plot of the Kuomintang army to collude with the Japanese and fake troops in Gaoyou to divide and attack the Central China Liberation Area, the Central Military Commission agreed on December 5 to launch the Battle of Gaoyou and seize Gaoyou City.<ref name=":1" /> The Battle of Gaoyou destroyed more than 1,100 Japanese troops, including 892 prisoners; destroyed more than 4,000 pseudo-army, including 3,493 prisoners; captured more than 80 artillery pieces and 6,000 guns. The Battle of Gaoyou was the last battle of the New Fourth Army against the Japanese invasion of China, and the last battle against the Japanese in Central China, ending with the surrender of the Japanese and the complete victory of the New Fourth Army.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> On 19 January 1949, the CPC controlled the walled city. The former site where the invading Japanese army surrendered to the New Fourth Army has been announced by the State Council as the second batch of 100 national anti-war memorial facilities and sites.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The profound history and culture of Gaoyou fostered Qin Shaoyou, the well-known poet in the Song dynasty, Wang Nianshun and Wang Yinzhi (father and son), the celebrated classics interpreters in the Qing dynasty, Sun Yunzhu, the modern paleontologist and Wang Zengqi, the contemporary writer. Gaoyou is also the hometown of the infamous Wu Sangui.
A total of about 200,000 people drowned in their sleep in Gaoyou alone due to the devastating flooding of 1931.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="archive.org">National Flood Relief Commission Report of the National Flood Relief Commission Shanghai, 1932</ref> Gaoyou was the most badly affected place during the floods.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
More than 30,000 people starved to death in Gaoyou county during the great famine, of which more than 10,000 were children.Template:Citation needed
Administration divisionsEdit
At present, Gaoyou City has 2 subdistricts, 10 towns and 1 ethnic township.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- 2 Subdistricts
- Gaoyou Subdistrict ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) - is upgraded from town.
- Mapeng Subdistrict ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) - is upgraded from town.
- 10 Towns
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-7 Former Towns are merged to other.
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- 1 Ethnic Township
- Lingtang Hui Township ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})
The sole ethnic township of Jiangsu, Lingtang Hui Ethnic township, is under the jurisdiction of Gaoyou, about a third of the township residents are Hui Chinese. Template:Div col end
Geography and ClimateEdit
The name of Gaoyou comes from the building of Gaotai and Posting Pavilion during the reign of King Yingzheng of Qin dynasty. It is adjacent to Yangzhou in the south, to the Huai River in the north, to the canal and Gaoyou Lake in the west, and to the water network of the Lixia River in the east, and is a military town on the canal line and the gateway to the two Huai River.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Now, Gaoyou is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province, which is also part of Yangtze River Delta. It borders Baoying and Jinhu to the north, Jiangdu to the south and Xinghua to east.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are over twenty townships, Lingtang Hui Ethnic Township is the only Minority Township in the province. The population in this county is approximately eighty-three thousand. The total area is 1963 square kilometres with 1175 square kilometres of land area and 788 square kilometres of water surface area.<ref name=":0" /> Gaoyou is a plain region which full of rivers and lakes. Gaoyou Lake is the third largest lake in Jiangsu, which closes to The Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou. Geographical location provides important water resources and rich aquatic products for this county.<ref name=":0" />
Gaoyou is located at 32.79 degrees north latitude and 119.44 degrees east longitude.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The hottest in July is around Template:Convert while the coldest in January is about Template:Convert. The average annual temperature is Template:Convert. The wet-season is from mid June to July and the average annual rainfall is about Template:Convert. The average annual relative humidity is 67%, at the meantime, the frost-free season is more than 200 days. Gaoyou has the characteristics of mild climate, adequate rainfall, four distinctive seasons, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period.<ref name=":0" /> Unfortunately, Jiangsu province and Gaoyou in particular is China's "tornado hometown" and its climate and environment make the area highly susceptible to tornadoes such as an EF4 in 2016.
{{Weather box | width = auto | metric first = y | single line = y | collapsed = Y | location = Gaoyou, elevation Template:Convert, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | Jan high C = 6.5 | Feb high C = 9.2 | Mar high C = 14.2 | Apr high C = 20.7 | May high C = 26.0 | Jun high C = 29.1 | Jul high C = 31.8 | Aug high C = 31.3 | Sep high C = 27.4 | Oct high C = 22.3 | Nov high C = 15.8 | Dec high C = 9.0 | Jan mean C = 2.6 | Feb mean C = 4.8 | Mar mean C = 9.4 | Apr mean C = 15.5 | May mean C = 21.0 | Jun mean C = 24.8 | Jul mean C = 28.1 | Aug mean C = 27.5 | Sep mean C = 23.3 | Oct mean C = 17.8 | Nov mean C = 11.3 | Dec mean C = 4.9 | Jan low C = -0.4 | Feb low C = 1.4 | Mar low C = 5.5 | Apr low C = 11.1 | May low C = 16.7 | Jun low C = 21.2 | Jul low C = 25.0 | Aug low C = 24.6 | Sep low C = 20.1 | Oct low C = 14.2 | Nov low C = 7.8 | Dec low C = 1.7 | Jan record high C = 20.5 | Jan record low C = -10.7 | Feb record high C = 26.5 | Feb record low C = -10.1 | Mar record high C = 33.5 | Mar record low C = -6.3 | Apr record high C = 33.4 | Apr record low C = -0.7 | May record high C = 35.6 | May record low C = 5.6 | Jun record high C = 36.6 | Jun record low C = 11.5 | Jul record high C = 37.9 | Jul record low C = 16.8 | Aug record high C = 40.0 | Aug record low C = 17.4 | Sep record high C = 36.1 | Sep record low C = 10.2 | Oct record high C = 32.6 | Oct record low C = 1.3 | Nov record high C = 27.6 | Nov record low C = -5.2 | Dec record high C = 21.7 | Dec record low C = -10.3 | year high C = | year low C = | year high F = | year low F = | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 41.5 | Feb precipitation mm = 40.4 | Mar precipitation mm = 65.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 59.1 | May precipitation mm = 80.4 | Jun precipitation mm = 151.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 223.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 182.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 79.2 | Oct precipitation mm = 53.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 50.0 | Dec precipitation mm = 32.9 | Jan humidity = 72 | Feb humidity = 72 | Mar humidity = 70 | Apr humidity = 68 | May humidity = 69 | Jun humidity = 74 | Jul humidity = 79 | Aug humidity = 80 | Sep humidity = 78 | Oct humidity = 73 | Nov humidity = 73 | Dec humidity = 71 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 7.9 | Feb precipitation days = 8.4 | Mar precipitation days = 9.1 | Apr precipitation days = 8.5 | May precipitation days = 9.5 | Jun precipitation days = 10.0 | Jul precipitation days = 13.2 | Aug precipitation days = 11.8 | Sep precipitation days = 8.0 | Oct precipitation days = 6.6 | Nov precipitation days = 7.4 | Dec precipitation days = 6.3 | year precipitation days = | Jan sun = 142.2 | Feb sun = 139.3 | Mar sun = 172.3 | Apr sun = 196.9 | May sun = 202.9 | Jun sun = 163.4 | Jul sun = 190.2 | Aug sun = 202.4 | Sep sun = 176.3 | Oct sun = 180.9 | Nov sun = 154.3 | Dec sun = 152.4 | year sun = | Jan percentsun = 45 | Feb percentsun = 44 | Mar percentsun = 46 | Apr percentsun = 50 | May percentsun = 47 | Jun percentsun = 38 | Jul percentsun = 44 | Aug percentsun = 49 | Sep percentsun = 48 | Oct percentsun = 52 | Nov percentsun = 50 | Dec percentsun = 49 | year percentsun = | Jan snow days = 3.7 | Feb snow days = 3.0 | Mar snow days = 1.2 | Apr snow days = 0.1 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0 | Nov snow days = 0.5 | Dec snow days = 1.2 | year snow days = | source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}
EconomyEdit
Gaoyou was dependent on its agriculture and aquaculture sections financially. Primary agricultural products include rapeseed, rice, wheat, poultry and eggs. A variety of aquatic products contain fish, crab and shrimp. The environment in this county has been well protected by the government. The local government has closed many factories in order to protect the lakes.<ref name=":0" />
FoodEdit
Gaoyou is famous for its salted duck eggs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TransportEdit
RoadsEdit
ExpresswaysEdit
- G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway. It passes just to the east of the city.<ref name=":0" />
National HighwayEdit
- China National Highway 233
RailwayEdit
The city is served by Gaoyou railway station and Gaoyou North railway station (located at Jieshou) on the Lianyungang–Zhenjiang high-speed railway.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Gaoyou Information Website
- Gaoyou City English guide
- Template:In lang "Illustrated Album of Yangzhou Prefecture", from 1573 to 1620, has illustrations of Gaoyou
Template:Jiangsu topics Template:County-level divisions of Jiangsu