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Giessen

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Infobox German place Giessen, spelled {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in German ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}), is a town in the German state ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams.Template:Citation needed The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly Template:Convert north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.

HistoryEdit

Giessen came into being as a moated castle in 1152 built by Count Wilhelm von Gleiberg,<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> although the history of the community in the northeast and in today's suburb called "Wieseck" dates back to 775. The town became part of Hesse-Marburg in 1567, passing to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1604. The University of Giessen was founded in 1607. Giessen was included within the Grand Duchy of Hesse created in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. After the First World War, it was part of the People's State of Hesse.

Template:AnchorDuring the Second World War, a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp was in the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Licher Straße.<ref>Edward Victor. Alphabetical List of Camps, Subcamps and Other Camps.</ref><ref>1933-1945 Lager G. Tenhumberg Reinhard. Retrieved 2014-08-03.</ref><ref>Hessian Regional History Information System (LAGIS)</ref> Heavy bombing destroyed about 75 percent of Giessen in 1944, including most of the town's historic buildings. It became part of the modern state of Hesse after the war.

In 1977, Giessen was merged with the neighbouring city Wetzlar to form the new city of Lahn. However, this attempt to reorganize the administration was reversed in 1979. It was part of the Darmstadt region (regierungsbezirk) between 1945 and 1981, until the Giessen (region) was founded on 1 January 1981.

A U.S. military base was located in Giessen after the Second World War. The U.S. Army Garrison of Gießen had a population of up to 10,000 American soldiers and their families. Gießen was also the site of the central US army depot for all of Europe as well as the site of a special ammunition depot.<ref>Das US-Depot als Ort der Mythen: Reportage und Führung. Gießener Allgemeine, 27. Juli 2015 (German)</ref> The base is a converted German Army Air Field which is reflected in some of the buildings including the housing area. A theatre, known as the Keller Theatre, is a converted German Army Officers' Club. As of 28 September 2007, the Giessen Depot and all other U.S. facilities in the greater Giessen area were returned to local German authorities. The former U.S. Army buildings were used to house refugees after the large influx of 2016.

After the war, the city was twinned with Winchester, UK.<ref name="Giessen-Folds-Up">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Largest groups of foreign residents
Nationality Population (2011)
Template:Flag 1,922
Template:Flag 569
Template:Flag 425

International relationsEdit

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Giessen is twinned with:<ref name="Giessen twinnings">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Points of interestEdit

SportEdit

Giessen is home to the basketball club Giessen 46ers, five-time champion of the Basketball Bundesliga. Its home games take place at the Sporthalle Gießen-Ost. Also, Giessen has an American football team called Giessen Golden Dragons.

ReligionEdit

The Catholic Scouts of Europe were founded in Giessen in 1975.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GalleryEdit

  • Marktplatz in Giessen (gezeichnet von P. Weber).jpg

    Historical drawing of the marketplace, 1844

  • Akademischer Forstgarten Giessen Plan.jpeg

    Historical drawing of the Akademischer Forstgarten Gießen, 1877

  • Botanical garden Giessen Germany 01.jpg

    Botanical garden Gießen

  • 2005-08 Gießen - Theater.jpg

    Theater Gießen

  • Giessen-arch1.jpg

    Architecture in Gießen

  • Denkmal Röntgen (Gießen) 01.JPG

    Röntgen memorial

  • PSM V74 D619 Liebig laboratory at giessen.png

    Liebig laboratory, 1909

  • Gießen ElephantLoo766.jpg

    Multiway pedestrian bridge "Elefantenklo" ("Elephant loo")

Notable peopleEdit

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EducationEdit

ManischEdit

Manisch is a dialect of rotwelsch spoken in and around Giessen by people in lower income neighbourhoods, some of which are known as "Eulenkopf", "Gummiinsel", "Heyerweg" and "Margaretenhütte". Approximately 700–750 residents spoke the dialect fluently as of 1976.<ref>Hans-Günter Lerch, "Tschü lowi...Das Manische in Gießen", 1976/2005, pages 16-22.</ref> Although the dialect still influences the Giessen vernacular, it is nearly extinct in terms of fluent speakers.

GeographyEdit

ClimateEdit

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb". (Marine West Coast Climate).

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Notes

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External linksEdit

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Template:Towns and municipalities in Gießen district

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