Go of Balhae
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Dae Joyeong (Template:Korean; {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; died 719) or Da Zuorong (Template:Zh), also known as King Go (Template:Korean; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Chinese: Gao), established the state of Balhae, reigning from 699 to 719.
LifeEdit
Early lifeEdit
Dae Joyeong was the first son of general Dae Jung-sang, who was also known as Sari Geolgeol Jungsang (Template:Korean) or Dae Geolgeol Jungsang (Template:Korean).
Historical sources give different accounts of Dae Joyeong's ethnicity and background.<ref name="w">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Among the official dynastic history works, the New Book of Tang refers to Dae Joyeong and his state as Sumo Mohe (related to Jurchens and later Manchus) affiliated with Goguryeo.<ref>New Book of Tang, Chapter 219: Bohai. 渤海、本粟末靺鞨附高麗者、姓大氏。</ref>Template:Sfn The Old Book of Tang also states Dae's ethnic background as Mohe but adds that he was "高麗別種" (gaoli biezhong).<ref>Old Book of Tang, Original: 渤海靺鞨大祚榮者，本高麗別種也. Link</ref> The term is interpreted as meaning "a branch of the Goguryeo people" by South and North Korean historians, but as "distinct from Goguryeo" by Japanese and Chinese researchers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Samguk yusa, a 13th-century collection of Korean history and legends, describes Dae as a Sumo Mohe leader. However, it gives another account of Dae being a former Goguryeo general, citing a now-lost Sillan record.<ref>Samguk yusa, Chapter 1, Section Mohe Bohai. 通典云，渤海，本栗未靺鞨。至其酋柞榮立國，自號震旦。 [...] 又新羅古記云，高麗舊將柞榮，姓大氏。</ref> Alexander Kim considers this unlikely since Goguryeo fell in 668 while Dae died in 719, and young men could not receive the rank of general.Template:Sfn
King of Jin (Zhen) and BalhaeEdit
The Wu Zhou killed Geolsa Biu, and Dae Jung-sang also died. Dae Joyeong integrated the armies of Goguryeo people and some Mohe (Malgal) tribes and resisted Wu Zhou's attackTemplate:Citation needed. His victory over the Wu Zhou at the Battle of TianmenlingTemplate:Citation needed enabled him to expand his father's empire and claimed himself the King of Jin (Zhen) in 698Template:Citation needed.<ref name="Bae">Kichan Bae, "Korea at the crossroads:the history and future of East Asia", Happyreading, 2007. Template:ISBN p.83</ref> He established his capital at Dongmo Mountain in the south of today's Jilin province, and built a fortress, which was to become Zhen (Jin) kingdom's capitalTemplate:Citation needed.
He attempted to expand his influence in foreign politics involving the Tang/ Wu Zhou, the Göktürks, the Khitan, Silla<ref name="Pre-modern">Patricia Ebrey, Anne Walthall, "Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History", Vol.I:to 1800, Cengage Learning, 2013. Template:ISBN p.111</ref> and some independent Mohe tribes. At first he dispatched an envoy to the Göktürks, allying against Tang/ Wu Zhou. Then he reconciled himself with the Tang when Emperor Zhongzong was restored to the throne.<ref name="Pre-modern" />
In 712, he renamed his empire Balhae. In 713, he was given the titular title of "Prince of Commandery of Bohai (Balhae)" (渤海郡王) by Emperor Xuanzong.<ref name="Bae" /> After a period of rest within the empire, King Go made it clear that Silla was not to be dealt with peacefully because they had allied with Tang to destroy Goguryeo, the predecessor of Balhae. This aggressive stance towards Silla was continued on by his son and successor King Mu of Balhae.
Dae Joyeong died in 719, and his son Dae Muye assumed the throne.<ref>UNESCO Korean Committee, "Korean History:Discovery of its Characteristics and Developments", VOl.5, Hollym, 2004. Template:ISBN p.158</ref> Dae Joyeong was given the posthumous name "King Go."
LegacyEdit
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After the fall of Balhae, Dae Gwang-hyeon, the last prince led many of the Balhae aristocracy into the Korean state, thus unifying the two successor states of Goguryeo.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Dae Joyeong's descendants include modern-day Koreans who bear the surname Tae, or Dae.<ref name="Lee Ki-baik page 88–89">Lee Ki-baik. "The Society and Culture of Parhae." The New History of Korea, page 88-89. Harvard University Press, 1984.</ref>
In South Korea, a television drama on KBS1 was launched since September 2006 in his honor. Roughly 30% (based on 2007 survey) of the South Korean viewers enjoyed this programmeTemplate:Citation needed.
The third Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin class destroyer commissioned by the Republic of Korea Navy is named Dae Joyeong.<ref>"Korea celebrates ties with Oman" Template:Webarchive Times of Oman, 2014-10-29</ref> KDX-II class destroyers are named after significant figures in Korean history such as admiral Yi Sun-sin.
The Chunbun Ancestral Rite is held annually in Balhae Village, North Gyeongsang Province in order to commemorate the achievements of Dae Jo-yeong.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Gyeongsan City mayor participates in the event, which is open for public participation.
In popular cultureEdit
- Portrayed by Choi Soo-jong in the 2006–2007 KBS TV series Dae Jo-yeong.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
External linksEdit
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