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House of Golitsyn

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox noble house

The House of GolitsynTemplate:Efn (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}})Template:Efn is<ref name=":1" /> the second largest and noblest Princely house in Russia.<ref name=":0">Jean-Marie Thiébaud , A great princely family of Russia, the Galitzines. Genealogy and historical notes , Paris, 1997.</ref> Among its members were warlords, landlords, knyazes (princes), knights, diplomats, Prime Ministers, admirals, stewards, State Counsellors and statesmen.

The Golitsyns claim their seniority in the Lithuanian dynasty of Gediminas (the Gediminids)<ref name="plakans">Template:Harvnb</ref><ref>Template:Harvnb</ref> which has existed since the 13th century. Descendants of this family in Europe and the west write their name in the form Galitzine. The family is among the first Russian aristocratic dynasties and its members bear the honorific predicate His Serene Highness.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Alexandre Galitzine, The Princes Galitzine, Washington DC, Victor Graphics,2002</ref>

The family produced many well-known statesmen and figures of the Russian Empire, among them notably Vasily, Boris, Dmitry and Nikolai Golitsyn, the last chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire.

Numerous pieces of art or geographic locations were named after the family, such as the Galitzin Triptych created by Pietro Perugino in 1485 or the Galitzine Quartet No. 12 commissioned by Nikolai Galitzin and delivered by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1825, the Golitsyn craters A and B on the far side of the Moon, the Gallitzinberg, in Vienna, the Gallitzin borough in Pennsylvania, the Gallitzin Tunnel and Gallitzin State Forest, the Golitsyn Hospital in Moscow and various places, localities and municipalities in Russia.

OriginsEdit

According to legend, the family descends from Lithuanian prince Jurgis (George), son of Patrikas and grandson of Narimantas and thus a great-grandson of Gediminas (Template:Died in), Grand Duke of Lithuania.Template:Efn After the extinction of the Korecki family in the 17th century, the Golitsyns claimed dynastic seniority in the House of Gediminas.Template:Cn

Prince George immigrated to the court of Vasily I of Moscow and married Vasily's sister. His children and grandchildren, among them Template:Ill, were considered premier Russian boyars. One of them, Prince Template:Ill, grandson of Yuriy, earned the nickname Golitsa after the gauntlet (Template:Langx) he wore only on one hand.<ref>Демидова А., Голицыны. Главные помещики, p.17, 2014, Template:ISBN</ref>Template:Better source His son Yuri Mikhailovich Bulgakov continued with the family line Golytsin and his great-grandson Prince Vasily Golitsyn was claimant to the Russian throne during the Time of Troubles and went as an ambassador to Poland to offer the Russian crown to Prince Władysław; he died in prison.<ref>Template:Cite EB1911</ref>Template:Efn

Peter I of Russia permitted the Golitsyns to incorporate the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into their coat of arms;Template:Cn “Vir est Vis”, or "man himself is power”, is the Golitsyn family motto.Template:Cn

Notable GolitsynsEdit

File:Golytsin GIM.jpg
Vasily Golitsyn. The Velvet Book was an official register of genealogies of Russia's most illustrious families (Russian nobility).
File:Палац Голіцина (сан."Ясная поляна").JPG
Golitsyn Palace in Gaspra (Crimea)
File:Усадебный дом... (Дубровицы).jpg
Dubrovitsy Estate
File:Главный дом Большие Вязёмы.jpg
Vyazyomy Manor
File:Borovikovsky Golitsyn family.jpg
A Golitsyn family by Vladimir Borovikovsky (1810), National Museum in Warsaw
File:Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn.jpg
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn. Military Gallery of the Winter Palace, State Hermitage Museum (Saint Petersburg)
File:Golytsyn 1723—1807.jpg
Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn, a 1772 portrait by Dmitry Levitzky
File:Spb 06-2012 Fontanka various 03.jpg
House of Prince Golitsyn on Fontanka, 20
File:Arkhangelskoe Estate Aug2012 buildings 03.jpg
Arkhangelskoye Palace
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Golitsyn Hospital
File:Wiki ostozhenka chambers.jpg
17th century estate of Fedor Golovin in Khamovniki District, later Golitsyn family
File:Sergey Mikh. Golytsin by V.Tropinin.jpg
Sergey Mikhailovich Golytsin, the founder of the hospital, by V. Tropinin

Prince (knyaz) Andrey Andreyevich Golitsyn (Template:Died in), governor of Siberia (1633–1635), was the ancestor of all existing princes Golitsyns. He had four sons, from whom four branches of the Golitsyn family descended:

  • Vasily (1618–1652) – branch Vasilyevich
  • Ivan (Template:Died in) – branch Ivanovich, which ended in 1751 in a monastery
  • Alexey (1632–1694) – branch Alexeevich
  • Michael (1639–1687) – branch Mikhailovich

By the 18th century, the family was divided into four major branches. One branch died out while the other three and their subdivisions contained about 1,100 members.

Branch VasilyevichEdit

  • Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn (1643–1714) was a leading boyar, a Russian statesman, combining military duties with civilian pursuits, de facto head of the government during the regency of Sophia Alekseyevna (1682–1689) over her brother Ivan and half-brother Peter the Great who banished him and his family to Arkhangelsk Oblast. He owned a richly decorated mansion in Moscow which became the location of the State Duma.
    • Aleksey Vasilyevich Golitsyn (1665–1740) In 1683, he received from his grandfather a village south of Moscow, now Tsaritsyno Palace and surrounding park. In 1694 he was stripped of his boyardom (with the retention of the princely title) and the Tsar sent him and his family into exile. He returned in 1726, after the death of Peter I.
      • Mikhail Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1687–1775) nicknamed "the fool" was punished by Empress Anna of Russia for converting to Catholicism in order to marry an Italian or German woman. This marriage was declared illegal and she appointed him court jester in 1738, serving kvass to the guests. Two years later she forced him to marry either a Kalmuck or a female jester from Kamchatka. The "mock wedding" which took place inside a two-room ice palace on the Neva in February 1740 during an extremely cold winter remained famous. He moved to his estate and was buried near Pushkino.
      • Sergei Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1695–1758), served as the Moscow governor, director of the Moscow Mint.

Branch AlexeevichEdit

  • Aleksey Andreyevich Golitsyn (1632–1694), governor of Siberia, of Kiev.
    • Boris Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1654–1714), a cousin and the chief political opponent of Vasily Vasilyevich, was tutor and participated in the coup that placed Peter the Great on the throne; head of the government during the "Great Embassy" of 1697–98; owner of the estates Bolshiye Vyazyomy and Dubrovitsy.
      • Vasili Borisovich Golitsyn (1681–1710) inherited the estate, but died when the ceiling came down.
        • Mikhail Vasilievich Golitsyn (1702–1749)
          • Nikolay Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1729–1799) became the new owner of Bolshiye Vyazyomy in 1766.
        • Boris Vasilievich Golitsyn (1705–1769), admiral
          • Vladimir Borisovich Golitsyn (1731–1798) was a Russian statesman; his wife Natalya Golitsyna was known as a learned woman, a gambler and a good dancer. She served Catherine the Great and was characterized in The Queen of Spades (story). In 1783 she moved with her daughters Ekaterina and Sophie to Paris and visited her sons; all the Golitsyns returned to Russia in 1791.
            • Boris Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1769–1813) was a Russian aristocrat who received his education in Strasbourg (1782), and attended the École militaire in Paris (1786). The correspondence of the elder of the Golitsyn brothers attests to his deep interest in analyzing and comprehending the events of the French Revolution. He became very hostile to the turn of events and joined the Swedish army to fight against Revolutionary France.<ref name="autogenerated1">Rzewski V.S. & V.A. Chudinov Russian "members" of the French revolution // French Yearbook 2010: Sources of the history of the French revolution of the XVIII century and the era of Napoleon. M.C. 6–45.</ref> In 1803, Boris Vladimirovich received the estate of Vyazemy from Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1729–1799), interested in agriculture, horse breeding, but without issue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Boris fought in the battle of Smolensk, was wounded in the battle of Borodino and died in Vilnius.

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      • Alexei Ivanovich Golitsyn (1707–1739) died of plague in Constantinople.
        • Ivan Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1729–1767)
        • Pyotr Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1731–1810)
        • Dmitri Alekseyevich Gallitzin (1734/8–The Hague, 1803) was a Russian diplomat, art agent for Catherine the Great. The idea of acquiring not individual pictures but large collections "en bloc" came from Golitsyn.<ref>The Hermitage Known and Unknown by Irina Sokolova</ref> He was the main driving force behind the subsequent painting acquisitions in France. He was the Russian ambassador in Paris (1762–68); a friend of Falconet, Denis Diderot, a supporter of the physiocrats, and translated Helvétius. He was envoy in The Hague (1768–98), a supporter of the League of Armed Neutrality, the recognition of the United States and the abolition of serfdom. After 1789 he continued to defend his principles and never returned to Russia.<ref>Lien Verpoest (2019) Layered Liberalism: the Golitsyn Legation in the Dutch Republic (1770–1782). In: Bijdragen en mededelingen betreffende de geschiedenis der Nederlanden 134(1):96 {{#invoke:doi|main}}</ref> In 1768 he married Adelheid Amalie Gallitzin. In 1774 the couple split and the Princess moved to a country house between The Hague and the beach, to better to oversee raising her children in a way J.J. Rousseau had promoted in his "Emile". She turned to Catholicism in 1786. He is known as volcanologist and mineralogist.
    • Pyotr Alekseyevich Golitsyn (1660–1722)

Branch MikhailovichEdit

File:Grebnevo 05.jpg
Grebnevo Estate in 2007

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|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Noted for his attempt to turn Russia into a constitutional monarchy; Russia lived without autocracy for only 37 days. Owner of Arkhangelskoye Palace.

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      • Andrei Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1729–1770) married a daughter of Boris Grigoryevich Yusupov.
      • Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1731–1804) was married to the wealthy Anna Alexandrovna Stroganova (1739–1816), who brought the estate Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki as a dowry.
        • Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1772–1821) was an art collector.
        • Sergei Mikhailovich (1774–1859), director of the Golitsyn Hospital (1807–59), member of the State Council (1837–59) was married to Avdotya Ivanovna Golitsyna ("princesse Nocturne") the hostess of the St. Petersburg Salon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1817 he inherited the estate in Grebnevo, Moscow Oblast. As he died without issue the inheritance went to his nephew, the bibliophile, who died the year after.

19th centuryEdit

  • Valerian Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1803-1859) was the only Decembrist from the Golitsyn family who was convicted and sentenced to exile in Siberia.
  • Pyotr Alexeyevich Golitsyn was the father of
    • Anton Petrovich Golitsyn (1818–1883) married Adélaïde Marie Angèle de Molette de Morangiès
    • Maria Petrovna Golitsyn (1820–1890) married Count Ferdinand Louise Marie de Bertier de Sauvigny
    • Augustin Petrovich Golitsyn (1823–1875), married Stéphanie de la Roche Aymon
      • Sophie Galitzine (1858–1883) married Paul d'Albert de Luynes, 10th Duke of Chaulnes and Picquigny.
    • Pyotr Petrovich Golitsyn (1827–1902), married (1) Yuliya Aleksandrovna Chertkova (2) Natalia Alexandrovna Kozakov
    • Aleksandra Petrovna Golitsyn (1830–1917), married Count Arsen Antoni Ludwik Moszczeński
  • Princess Yelizaveta Alexeyevna Golitsyna (1797–1844) was the daughter of Alexandra Petrovna Golitsyna and the sister of Pyotr Alexeyevich Golitsyn. She became a Roman Catholic nun
  • Mikhail Alexandrovich Golitsyn (1804–1860) was diplomat, writer and connoisseur of fine arts, who lived in Madrid and Rome, and turned catholic. He was a bibliophile and the owner of a splendid library.
    • Sergey Mikhailovich (1843–1915) opened the Golitsyn Museum, now part of the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, but sold his collection in 1886 to the Hermitage
  • Prince Alexei Vasilyevich Golitsyn (1832–1901) was a friend of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Like the composer, Golitsyn was homosexual; but unlike the composer, he lived openly with his lover, Nikolay Vasilyevich Masalitinov (-1884).<ref>Alexander Poznansky, Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man, many refs</ref>
  • Boris Dmitrievich Golitsyn (1819-1878) was the son of Dmitry Golitsyn. He inherited Bolshiye Vyazyomy in 1844. He was the father of Dmitry B. Golitsyn (1851-1920), who was the last owner.
  • Nikolai D. Golitsyn (1850–1925) was the last Tsarist prime minister of Russia. He was the son of Dmitry B. Golitsyn (1803–1864) and governor of Archangel, Kaluga, and Tver. He was executed on 2 July 1925 in Leningrad on the charge of participating in a "counter-revolutionary monarchist organization"
  • Prince Grigory S. Golitsyn (1838–1907) was a general and the Governor of Transcaucasia in 1897–1904. His brother was
  • Lev Golitsyn Sergeyevich (1845–1915) was one of the founders of winemaking at Yusupov Palace (Crimea). In his estate of Novyi Svet he built the first Russian factory of champagne wines. In 1889 the production of this winery won the gold medal at the Paris exhibition in the nomination for sparkling wines. He became the surveyor of imperial vineyards at Abrau-Dyurso in 1891.
  • Anna Nikolaevna Golitsyna (1859–1929) married Mikhail Rodzianko, chairman of the Imperial Duma. She, Zinaida Yusupova, and Elizabeth Feodorovna secretly supported Felix Yusupov, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich of Russia and Vladimir Purishkevich in the murder of Grigory Rasputin. Rodzianko became one of the key politicians during the Russian February Revolution.
  • Boris Borisovich Golitsyn (1862–1916) was a prominent physicist who invented the first electromagnetic seismograph in 1906. His grandfather was Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin.

20th centuryEdit

The Bolsheviks arrested dozens of Golitsyns only to be killed, driven into the exile, or die in the Gulag; dozens disappeared during the Russian Revolution and the subsequent civil war, and their fate remained unknown.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:V.M. Golytsin by Serov (1906, Tretyakov gallery) (cropped).jpg
Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn resigned in 1905 as mayor of Moscow; painting by Valentin Serov (Tretyakov gallery)
File:Prince Galatzine (Galitzine), 5th husband of Aimée Crocker.jpg
Prince Galatzine (Galitzine), 5th husband of Aimée Crocker
  • Mikhail Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1873–1942) was the son of Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn (Paris, 1847-1932) and grandson of Mikhail Fedorovich Golitsyn (1800-1873); Nikolai V. Golitsyn (1874–1942) was his brother
    • Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1902–1943) started his career as a sailor. During the 1920s Vladimir began a very successful career as a book illustrator and well-known artist, illustrating around forty books between 1925 and 1941. He also worked for the magazines the Universal Pathfinder, Pioneer and several others. Despite his very popular artwork, he was barely tolerated by the Stalinist bureaucracy and as general conditions worsened, found it increasingly hard to support his parents and young family. Vladimir died from exhaustion and under-nourishment in the Sviyazhska prison camp near Kazan.
      • Alexander Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1876-1951). His son was Prince Alexander Golitzen (1908–2005) a Moscow-born production designer and oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies; he died in San Diego, California.
    • Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1909-1989) published his Memoirs of a Survivor: The Golitsyn Family in Stalin's Russia, covering the period from the revolution in 1917 to the entry of the Soviet Union into World War II in 1941.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
      • Georgy Sergeyevich Golitsyn (1935–) was a Russian physicist noted for his research on the concept of nuclear winter.
  • Mstislav Galitzine, count Osterman (1899-1966) joined Alexander Kolchak after the October Revolution. In 1925 he married the California mystic, author and heiress Aimee Crocker. She was 61 and it was her fifth marriage. She offered him $250 a month if he would marry her in exchange for the right to call herself a princess.<ref>Aimee Crocker and the Silver Age </ref> Two years later they divorced. He was forced to pay all the court costs of the suit. His brother was
  • Leo Alexandrovich Galitzine, count Osterman (1904–1969) escaped from Soviet Russia and came to settle in Canada by 1929 in Edson, Alberta.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> He and his wife, Marguerite Therese Reynaud-Carcasse, purchased 420 acres of land, mostly bordering the McLeod River.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Galitzines started an airplane charter company at Great Bear Lake. After his wife died (in Alexandria in 1934),<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Leo moved to Hollywood where he was acting in various films as an extra, including in The Razor's Edge and The Chocolate Soldier.<ref name="Edson 75-Marguerite Ahlf">Edson 75-Marguerite Ahlf</ref>

  • Princess Irene Galitzine (1916–2006), fashion designer, was the daughter of Boris Lvovich Galizin (1878–1958)
File:The graves of Princes George and Emanuel Galitzine, Brompton Cemetery, London.JPG
The graves of Princes George and Emanuel Galitzine, Brompton Cemetery, London
  • Prince George Vladimirovich Galitzine (1916–1992) served with distinction in the rank of Major, Welsh Guards 1939–45. He was subsequently a diplomat and businessman. Following retirement he was active as a researcher, author and lecturer on Russia. In his memory The Prince George Galitzine Memorial Library<ref>Galitzine, Katya (2021). "The Prince George Galitzine Library, St. Petersburg." The Book Collector 70 no. 4 (winter 1921): 619–630.</ref> was founded in 1994 by his widow, Princess George Galitzine (formerly Jean Dawnay), and his daughter Princess Catherine (Katya) Galitzine. The Library specialises in the cultural life of St Petersburg with a collection in excess of 3000 books, photographs and documents for research tracing back to Catherine the Great.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Library occupies the palace on the Fontanka Embankment, formerly the family home of his mother Countess Catherine Carlow, daughter of Duke George of Mecklenburg-Strelitz a younger son of Ekaterina Mikhailovna Romanov, Grand Duchess of Russia. Through the Mecklenburg-Strelitz connection, this branch of the Galitzine family are related to many of the Royal Houses of Europe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • George Golitzin (1916–1963) was a Hollywood producer and deacon in the Orthodox Church in America.<ref name="GGimdb">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Yuri Golitsyn (1919–2002), was born in Yokohama,<ref>Yuri Galitzine www.weremember.com, accessed 15 October 2023</ref> and was one of the founders of public relations having written the handbook on the subject and pushed research on the family forward to being published in a book. He was also a member of The Right Society and yet championed action against concentration camps after being the first allied officer to witness one firsthand (Natzweiler)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Anatoliy Golitsyn Mikhaylovich (1926–2008) was a Soviet defector to the United States
  • Template:Ill (1942–2018), Russian-Serbian-American banker with Bank of New York who led the re-introduction of banks in the former Warsaw Pact countries including the newly formed states from the former Soviet Union.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> He is also emeritus professor of theology at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His academic work focuses on the discerning the roots of eastern Christian spirituality in Second Temple Judaism.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Piotr Dmitriyevich Galitzine (1955–) was the son of Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1914-1976). He married to Maria-Anna von Habsburg, better known as Maria-Anna Galitzine, a Catholic activist
  • Grigori Galitsin (1957–2021) was a former erotic photographer.

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

  • Template:Cite news
  • Template:Cite EB1911
  • Golitsyn, Sergei (1909–1989): Memoirs of a Survivor: The Golitsyn Family in Stalin's Russia, 2008
  • Le Donne John P. (1987) Ruling families in the Russian political order, 1689–1825 : I. The Petrine leadership, 1689–1725; II. The ruling families, 1725–1825. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 28, n°3-4, Juillet-Décembre 1987. pp. 233–322. {{#invoke:doi|main}}
  • Douglas Smith: Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012 Template:ISBN
  • Template:Cite book
  • Template:Cite book

External linksEdit

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