Gostivar
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Gostivar (Template:Langx {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Template:Lang-sq-definite) is a city in North Macedonia, located in the upper Polog valley region. It is the seat of one of the larger municipalities in the country with a population of 59,770,<ref>2002 Census results</ref> and the town also covers Template:Convert. Gostivar has road and railway connections with the other cities in the region, such as Tetovo, Skopje, Kičevo, Ohrid, and Debar. A freeway was built in 1995, from Gostivar to Tetovo, Template:Convert long. Gostivar is the seat of Gostivar Municipality.
EtymologyEdit
The name Gostivar comes from the Slavic word gosti meaning "guests" and the Turkish word "dvar" meaning castle or fort.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
GeographyEdit
Gostivar, at an elevation of 535 meters, is situated on the foothills of one of the Šar Mountains. Near to Gostivar is the village of Vrutok, where the Vardar river begins at an altitude of Template:Convert from the base of the Šar Mountains. Vardar River extends through Gostivar, cutting it in half, passes through the capital Skopje, goes through the country, enters Greece and finally reaches the Aegean Sea.
DemographicsEdit
Gostivar is attested in the 1467/68 Ottoman tax registry (defter) for the Nahiyah of Kalkandelen. The village had a total of 44 Christian households, 3 bachelors and 7 widows.<ref>Турски документи за историјата на македонскиот народ кн.4, Методија Соколоски, д-р Александар Стојановски, Скопје 1971</ref>
In statistics gathered by Bulgarian researcher Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the city of Gostivar was inhabited by 3735 people, of whom 3100 were Turks, 310 Bulgarian Exarchists, 200 Romani, 150 Muslim Albanians and 25 Vlachs.<ref>Vasil Kanchov (1900). Macedonia: Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia. p. 252.</ref> Kanchov wrote in 1900 that many Albanians declared themselves as Turks. In Gostivar, the population that declared itself Turkish "was of Albanian blood", but it "had been Turkified after the Ottoman invasion, including Skanderbeg", referring to Islamization.<ref name="auto">Salajdin SALIHI. "DISA SHËNIME PËR SHQIPTARËT ORTODOKSË TË REKËS SË EPËRME". FILOLOGJIA - International Journal of Human Sciences 19:85-90.</ref>
The researcher Dimitar Gađanov wrote in 1916 that Gostivar was populated by 4,000 Albanians "who were Turkified", 100 Orthodox Albanians and 3,500 Bulgarians, while the surrounding area was predominantly Albanian.<ref name="auto"/>
According to the 2002 census, the city of Gostivar had a population of 35,847 inhabitants and the ethnic composition is the following:<ref name = Statisticaloffice>Macedonian Census (2002), Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion, The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 87, 224, 361.</ref>
- Albanians, 16,890 (47.1%)
- Macedonians, 11,885 (33.2%)
- Turks, 4,559 (12.7%)
- Roma, 1,899 (5.3%)
- others, 614 (1.7%)
The most common mother tongues in the city were the following:
- Albanian, 16,877 (47.1%)
- Macedonian, 13,843 (38.6%)
- Turkish, 4,423 (12.3%)
- Romani, 301 (0.8%)
- Serbian, 124 (0.3%)
- others, 279 (0.7%)
The religious composition of the city was the following:
- Muslims, 23,686 (66.1%)
- Orthodox Christians, 11,865 (33.1%)
- others, 296 (0.8%)
| Ethnic group |
census 1948 | census 1953 | census 1961 | census 1971 | census 1981 | census 1994 | census 2002 | census 2021 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
| Albanians | .. | .. | 4,313 | 45.4 | 2,904 | 22.7 | 6,044 | 31.1 | 10,791 | 38.9 | 14,128 | 42.3 | 16,890 | 47.1 | 13,585 | 41.4 |
| Macedonians | .. | .. | 2,637 | 27.7 | 5,092 | 39.8 | 8,109 | 41.7 | 10,127 | 36.5 | 12,084 | 36.7 | 11,885 | 33.2 | 10,305 | 31.4 |
| Turks | .. | .. | 1,924 | 20.2 | 4,349 | 34.0 | 4,449 | 22.9 | 4,378 | 15.8 | 4,475 | 13.6 | 4,559 | 12.7 | 4,725 | 14.4 |
| Romani | .. | .. | 353 | 3.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 219 | 1.1 | 1254 | 4.5 | 1,609 | 4.9 | 1,899 | 5.3 | 1,648 | 5.0 |
| Vlachs | .. | .. | 11 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.0 | 11 | 0.0 | 15 | 0.0 | 14 | 0.0 |
| Serbs | .. | .. | 133 | 1.4 | 249 | 2.0 | 254 | 1.3 | 233 | 0.9 | 233 | 0.7 | 146 | 0.4 | 65 | 0.0 |
| Bosniaks | .. | .. | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 34 | 0.1 | 21 | 0.0 |
| Others | .. | .. | 138 | 1.4 | 193 | 1.5 | 392 | 2.0 | 947 | 3.4 | 388 | 1.2 | 419 | 1.2 | 455 | 1.4 |
| Administrative sources | 1,996 | 6.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | 7,832 | 9,509 | 12,787 | 19,467 | 27,726 | 32,926 | 35,847 | 32,814 | ||||||||
HistoryEdit
It is known that there was a town called Draudacum, Draudàkon (Δραυδάκον in Ancient Greek), built in 170 BCE, near or on the current locality of Gostivar.Template:Cn
Early mentions of the town was made by the Roman historian Livy. He records how during the Third Macedonian War the King of Macedon Perseus at the head of 10000 men, after taking Uskana (Kicevo), attacked Drau-Dak, today Gostivar.Template:Cn
Ottoman PeriodEdit
In the late 14th century, Gostivar came under Ottoman rule along with the rest of Vardar Macedonia.Template:Cn
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gostivar was part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. During this period it became the centre of a kaza (municipality) and grew into one of the richer towns of Ottoman Vardar Macedonia.Template:Cn
Gostivar remained under Ottoman rule for more than 500 years until 1912, when it was occupied by Serbian troops during the First Balkan War.Template:Cn
Yugoslav PeriodEdit
Jordan Ivanov, professor at the University of Sofia, wrote in 1915 that Albanians, since they did not have their own alphabet, due to a lack of consolidated national consciousness and influenced by foreign propaganda, declared themselves as Turks, Greeks and Bulgarians, depending on which religion they belonged to. The Orthodox Albanians of Gostivar were Bulgarianized by due to them being near the Bulgarian population.<ref name="auto"/>
From 1929 to 1941, Gostivar was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and then became part of Italian-occupied Albania.Template:Cn
From the 1950s onwards Orthodox Christian Albanian speakers from Upper Reka migrated cities like Gostivar, where they form the main population of Durtlok neighbourhood.<ref name="Mircevska138162">Template:Harvnb."Некои од нив имаат куќи во кои престојуваат во текот на летните месеци, додека другиот дел од годината живеат во Гостивар и Скопје, заедно со семејствата на синовите. [Some of them have houses staying there during the summer months, while during the other part of the year living in Gostivar and Skopje, along with the families of their children.]"; p. 162. "На пример, во Белград, каде и денес живее релативно голем број на горнореканцко македонско население, познати се како Рекалии. [For example, in Belgrade, where today lives a relatively large number of Macedonian Upper Rekan population, who are known as Rekalii.]"</ref><ref name="Murati123">Template:Harvnb. "Namik Durmishi, mësimdhënës në Universitetin e Tetovës, edhe vetë nga Zhuzhnja e Rekës së Epërme, në një lagje të quajtur Durtllok të Gostivarit, të populluar kryesisht me rekas ortodoksë nga të kësaj krahine, maqedonasit atyre u thonë si me përbuzje Shkreta/Shkreti: Kaj si bre škreta, me cilësimin pezhorativ "shqiptarë të shkretë, që kanë ardhur nga një krahinë e shkretë, njerëz viranë". [Namik Durmishi, teaching at the University of Tetovo, who also is from Žužnje, Upper Reka in a neighbourhood called Durtlok in Gostivar, populated mostly by Orthodox Rekans cites that Macedonians when referring to them in disdain say Shkreta/Shkreti: Where are you from Shkreti, which has pejorative connotations of "the poor Albanian who came from a desolate region, an abandoned people.]"</ref><ref name="Pieroni23">Template:Harvnb."Locals are now exclusively Muslims, but Albanians of Christian Orthodox faith also lived in the villages until a few decades ago. For example, in Nistrovë, one side of the village (with a mosque) is inhabited by Muslims, while the other side was inhabited by Orthodox believers. The entire population of Orthodox Christians migrated to towns a few decades ago, but they return to their village homes sometimes during the summer. Most of the houses in this part of the village are however abandoned even though the Church has been recently restored. According to our (Albanian Muslim) informants, these migrated Orthodox Christian Albanians assimilated within the Macedonian culture and now prefer to be labelled as "Macedonians", even if they are still able to fluently speak Albanian. Contact between these two subsets of the village communities, which were very intense and continuous in the past, no longer exists today. All Albanian inhabitants of the upper Reka are – to different degrees depending on the age – bilingual in Macedonian."</ref>
A policy of Turkification of the Albanian population was employed by the Yugoslav authorities in cooperation with the Turkish government, stretching the period of 1948-1959. A commission was created to tour Albanian communities in Macedonia, visiting Gostivar amongst other cities. Starting in 1948, six Turkish schools were opened in areas with large Albanian majorities, such as Tearce, Gorna Banjica, Dolna Banjica Vrapčište as well as in the outskirts of Tetovo and Gostivar.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Contemporary analysis described cases of resistance to the Turkish schools in the Polog area, with Albanian speaking students and teachers refused to attend Turkish schools. A notable case happened in Gostivar, where a teacher from Banjica, who according to the committees analysis: "even though he was born in the same village and his mother tongue is Turkish, when the Turkish school was opened he refused to teach in Turkish and had asked to work in Albanian villages ...". Thus the Yugoslav committee characterized the local population as having adopted a "Greater Albanian political worldview". Resistance against the opening of Turkish schools was most prevalent in Tetovo and Gostivar. In Gostivar the nationalist activist Myrtezan Bajraktari was detained and interrogated by the Yugoslav secret police (UDBA). During his interrogation he stated he openly opposed the Turkish schools, and that he does so "just so Albanians can feel like patriots and not allow themselves to be Turkified."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
EconomyEdit
In May 2015, an automotive company announced that it would open a new plant in Gostivar in the summer of 2015.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
TourismEdit
Leaving Gostivar on the way to Ohrid, the village Vrutok has the gorge of the biggest river in North Macedonia, Vardar, which is Template:Convert long and flows into the Aegean Sea, at Thessaloniki. Gostivar is one of the biggest settlements in the Polog valley. The Polog valley can be observed from the high lands of Mavrovo and Galičnik.Template:Cn
The Mavrovo region hosts ski tournaments and other sport recreations. The peaks on the northern part of the Bistra mountain: Rusino Brdo, Sultanica and Sandaktas, host winter sport activities.Template:Cn
The range is Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide and is covered with snow from November till March or April every year. Its highest peak, Titov Vrv, is situated on Template:Convert above sea level.Template:Cn This provides opportunities for animal husbandry. Dairy products, mainly cheese and feta cheese, are made in the many sheepfolds on Šar and the adjacent mountains. These include several kinds of feta cheese, like Shara and Galicnik.Template:Cn
Located in the northwestern part of North Macedonia, Popova Shapka is another winter ski resort. It is situated on the Šar Mountain, Template:Convert above the sea level, just Template:Convert from the capital Skopje. Popova Shapka has hotel accommodation.Template:Cn
Visitors not from the Republic of North Macedonia, and elsewhere other countries, use the facilities. Popova Shapka has been a host to both the European and Balkan Ski Championships. Not far from the resort, there are a number of small glacial lakes around on the mountain. There are two ways to get to Popova Shapka: by car, and by rope-railway with a starting location in Tetovo. The rope-railway is Template:Convert long and it takes about 36 minutes to reach the top.Template:Cn
SportsEdit
Football club KF Gostivar has played in the Macedonian First League and stage their home games at the City Stadium Gostivar.
Notable peopleEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
ReferencesEdit
Works citedEdit
External linksEdit
GalleryEdit
- Gostivar, razglednica 1921.jpg
Gostivar at 1921
- Gostivar od 1929 godina.jpg
Gostivar at 1929
- Gostivar, razglednica od 1930ti godini.jpg
Gostivar at 1930
- Gostivar, razglednica, 1930-ti.jpg
Gostivar at 1930
- Gostivar, razglednica 1935.jpg
Gostivar at 1935
Template:Gostivar Municipality Template:Towns in the Republic of Macedonia