Governor of Massachusetts

Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English Template:Infobox official post The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.

Massachusetts has a republican system of government that is akin to a presidential system. The governor acts as the head of government while having a distinct role from that of the legislative branch. The governor has far-reaching political obligations, including ceremonial and political duties. The governor also signs bills into law and has veto power. The governor is a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council, a popularly elected council with eight members who provide advice and consent on certain legal matters and appointments.<ref>Morison 1917, p.22-28.</ref>

Beginning with the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629, the role of the governor has changed throughout its history in terms of powers and selection. The modern form of the position was created in the 1780 Constitution of Massachusetts, which called for the position of a "supreme executive magistrate".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Governors of Massachusetts are elected every four years during state elections that are held on the first Tuesday of November after November 1. As of November 2022, the most recent Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held in 2022. Following each gubernatorial election, the elected governor is inaugurated on the Thursday after the first Wednesday in January following the election.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are no term limits restricting how long a governor may serve.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The longest-serving Massachusetts governor is Michael Dukakis, who served 12 years; Dukakis was in office from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. The current governor is Maura Healey, a Democrat who won the 2022 gubernatorial election.

Qualifications

Any person seeking to become governor of Massachusetts must meet the following requirements:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Be at least eighteen years of age
• Be a registered voter in Massachusetts
• Be a Massachusetts resident for at least seven years when elected
• Receive 10,000 signatures from registered voters on nomination papers

Election and term

The governor is an elected position. The term of office is four years, with no term limit.

Elections for governor are held on a four-year basis concurrently with elections for the offices of lieutenant governor, attorney general, secretary of the commonwealth, state treasurer, and state auditor.

History

The role of governor has existed in Massachusetts since the Royal Charter of 1628. The original role was one of a president of the board of a joint-stock company, namely the Massachusetts Bay Company. The governor would be elected by freemen, who were shareholders of the company. These shareholders were mostly colonists themselves who fit certain religious requirements. The governor acted in a vice-regal manner, overseeing the governance and functioning of the colony. Originally they were supposed to reside in London, as was the case with other colonial company governors, although this protocol was broken when John Winthrop was appointed governor. The governor served as the executive of the colony, originally elected annually, and were joined by a Council of Assistants. This council was a group of magistrates who performed judicial functions, acted as an upper house of the General Court, and provided advice and consent to the governor. The early governors of Massachusetts Bay were staunchly Puritan colonists who wished to form a state that coincided with religious law.<ref>Adams 1913, p.444-445.</ref>

With the founding of the Dominion of New England by James II of England, the New England colonies were combined with the Province of New York, Province of West Jersey, and the Province of East Jersey. During this period (1686–1689) Massachusetts had no governor of its own. Instead there existed a royally appointed governor who resided in Boston and served at the King's pleasure. Though there existed a council which served as a quasi-legislature, however the logistics of calling the council to meet were so arduous that the Dominion was essentially governed by the Crown through the royal governor. The reason for the creation of such a post was there existed tremendous hostility between the Kingdom of England and the colonists of Massachusetts Bay. In an effort to bring the colonies under tighter control the Crown dismantled the old assembly system and created the Viceroy system based on the Spanish model in New Spain. This model of government was greatly disliked by the colonists all throughout British North America but especially in New England where colonists at one time did have some semblance of democratic and local control. With the Glorious Revolution and the Boston Revolt the Dominion was abolished in 1689.<ref>Adams 1913, p.430-445</ref>

With the creation of the Massachusetts Charter in 1691, the role of civilian governor was restored in Massachusetts Bay. Now the Province of Massachusetts Bay, the colony then encompassed the territory of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Plymouth Colony, and areas of what is now the state of Maine. The governor however would not be chosen by the electorate, instead the position would remain a royal appointment. In order to ease tensions with royal authorities and the colonists the General Court was reestablished and given significant powers. This created acrimony between the governors and the assembly of the General Court. The governor could veto any decision made by the assembly and had control over the militia, however the General Court had authority of the treasury and provincial finances. This meant that in the event the governor did not agree with or consent with the rulings and laws of the General Court then the assembly would threaten to withhold any pay for the governor and other Royal Officers.<ref name="Morison 1917, p.9-22">Morison 1917, p.9-22.</ref>

From 1765 on the unraveling of the Province into a full political crisis only increased the tensions between the governor and the people of Massachusetts Bay. Following the passage of the Stamp Act Governor Thomas Hutchinson had his home broken into and ransacked. The early stages of the American Revolution saw political turmoil in Massachusetts Bay. With the passage of the Intolerable Acts the then Royal Governor Thomas Gage dissolved the General Court and began to govern the province by decree. In 1774 the Massachusetts Provincial Congress was formed as an alternative revolutionary government to the royal government in Boston. With Massachusetts Bay declaring its independence in May 1776 the role of governor was vacant for four years. The executive role during this time was filled by the Governor's Council, the Committee of Safety, and the president of the Congress when in session.<ref name="Morison 1917, p.9-22" />

With the adoption of the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1780 the role of an elected civilian governor was restored. John Hancock was elected as the first governor of the independent commonwealth on October 25, 1780.<ref name="Morison 1917, p.9-22" />

Constitutional role

Part the Second, Chapter II, Section I, Article I of the Massachusetts Constitution reads,

There shall be a supreme executive magistrate, who shall be styled, The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and whose title shall be – His Excellency.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

— {{#if:|, in }}Template:Comma separated entries

}}

{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }}

The governor of Massachusetts is the chief executive of the commonwealth, and is supported by a number of subordinate officers. He, like most other state officers, senators, and representatives, was originally elected annually. In 1918 this was changed to a two-year term, and since 1966 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. The governor of Massachusetts does not receive a mansion or other official residence and resides in their own private residence. However, the governor does receive a housing allowance/stipend for $65,000. The title "His Excellency" is a holdover from the royally appointed governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The first governor to use the title was Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, in 1699; since he was an Earl, it was thought proper to call him "Your Excellency." The title was retained until 1742, when an order from King George II forbade its further use. However, the framers of the state constitution revived it because they found it fitting to dignify the governor with this title.<ref>Frothingham, Louis Adams. A Brief History of the Constitution and Government of Massachusetts, p. 74. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1916.</ref>

The governor also serves as commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's armed forces.

Succession

According to the Massachusetts State Constitution:

Whenever the chair of the governor shall be vacant, by reason of his death, or absence from the commonwealth, or otherwise, the lieutenant governor, for the time being, shall, during such vacancy, perform all the duties incumbent upon the governor, and shall have and exercise all the powers and authorities, which by this constitution the governor is vested with, when personally present.<ref>Constitution of Massachusetts, Chapter II, Section II, Article III.</ref>

The Constitution does not use the term "acting governor", but the practice in Massachusetts has been that the lieutenant governor retains the position and title as "lieutenant governor" and becomes acting governor, not governor. The lieutenant governor, when acting as governor, is referred to as "the lieutenant-governor, acting governor" in official documents.<ref>An example of this is found in Chapter 45 of the Acts of 2001, where a veto by Swift was overridden by the General Court.</ref>

Despite this terminology, the Massachusetts courts have found that the full authority of the office of the governor devolves to the lieutenant governor upon vacancy in the office of governor, and that there is no circumstance short of death, resignation, or impeachment that would relieve the acting governor from the full gubernatorial responsibilities.Template:Citation needed

The first use of the succession provision occurred in 1785, five years after the constitution's adoption, when Governor John Hancock resigned the post, leaving Lieutenant Governor Thomas Cushing as acting governor. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci.

When the constitution was first adopted, the Governor's Council was charged with acting as governor in the event that both the governorship and lieutenant governorship were vacant. This occurred in 1799 when Governor Increase Sumner died in office on June 7, 1799, leaving Lieutenant Governor Moses Gill as acting governor. Acting Governor Gill never received a lieutenant and died on May 20, 1800, between that year's election and the inauguration of Governor-elect Caleb Strong. The Governor's Council served as the executive for ten days; the council's chair, Thomas Dawes was at no point named governor or acting governor.

Article LV of the Constitution, enacted in 1918, created a new line of succession:

#	Office	Current officeholder
	Governor of Massachusetts	Template:Party shading/Democratic|Maura Healey (D)
1	Lieutenant Governor	Template:Party shading/Democratic|Kim Driscoll (D)
2	Secretary of the Commonwealth	Template:Party shading/Democratic|William F. Galvin (D)
3	Attorney General	Template:Party shading/Democratic|Andrea Campbell (D)
4	Treasurer and Receiver-General	Template:Party shading/Democratic|Deb Goldberg (D)
5	Auditor	Template:Party shading/Democratic|Diana DiZoglio (D)

Cabinet

The governor has a 10-person cabinet, each of whom oversees a portion of the government under direct administration (as opposed to independent executive agencies). See Government of Massachusetts for a complete listing.

Traditions

The front doors of the State House are only opened when a governor leaves office, a head of state or the president of the United States comes to visit the State House, or for the return of flags from Massachusetts regiments at the end of wars. The tradition of the ceremonial door originated when departing governor Benjamin Butler kicked open the front door and walked out by himself in 1884.

Incoming governors usually choose at least one past governor's portrait to hang in their office.

Immediately before being sworn into office, the governor-elect receives four symbols from the departing governor: the ceremonial pewter "Key" for the governor's office door, the Butler Bible, the "Gavel", and a two-volume set of the Massachusetts General Statutes with a personal note from the departing governor to their successor added to the back of the text. The governor-elect is then escorted by the sergeant-at-arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the President of the Senate before a joint session of the House and Senate.<ref name="State Library">Massachusetts State Library Information, Governor Transfer of Power, Retrieved February 14, 2007.</ref>

Lone walk

Upon completion of their term, the departing governor takes a "lone walk" down the Grand Staircase, through the House of Flags, into Doric Hall, out the central doors, and down the steps of the Massachusetts State House. The governor then crosses the street into Boston Common, thereby symbolically rejoining the commonwealth as a private citizen. Benjamin Butler started the tradition in 1884.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Some walks have been modified with some past governors having their wives, friends, or staff accompany them.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A 19-gun salute is offered during the walk, and frequently the steps are lined by the outgoing governor's friends and supporters.<ref name="Romney" />

In January 1991, outgoing lieutenant governor Evelyn Murphy, the first woman elected to statewide office in Massachusetts, walked down the stairs before Governor Michael Dukakis. In a break from tradition, the January 2007 inauguration of Governor Deval Patrick took place the day after outgoing governor Mitt Romney took the lone walk down the front steps.<ref name="Romney">Template:Cite news</ref>

Governor's residence

Despite several proposals for establishing an official residence for the governor of Massachusetts, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts does not have a governor's mansion.

In 1955, Governor Foster Furcolo turned down a proposal to establish the Shirley–Eustis House in Roxbury, built by royal Governor William Shirley, as the official residence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At one time, Governor John A. Volpe accepted the donation of the Endicott Estate in Dedham from the heirs of Henry Bradford Endicott. He intended to renovate the 19th-century mansion into a splendid governor's residence.<ref name="commonwealthmag">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After Volpe resigned to become United States Secretary of Transportation in the Nixon administration, the plan was aborted by his successor in consideration of budgetary constraints and because the location was considered too far from the seat of power, the State House in Boston.

Prior to their respective demolitions in 1922 and 1863, the Province House and the Hancock Manor<ref name="commonwealthmag" /> were also proposed as official residences.

Since the governor has no official residence, the expression "corner office", rather than "governor's mansion", is commonly used in the press as a metonym for the office of governor. This refers instead to the governor's office on the third floor of the State House.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of governors

{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= Template:Ambox }} Since 1780, 65 people have been elected governor, six to non-consecutive terms (John Hancock, Caleb Strong, Marcus Morton, John Davis, John Volpe, and Michael Dukakis), and seven lieutenant governors have acted as governor without subsequently being elected governor. Thomas Talbot served a stint as acting governor, but was elected governor several years later. Prior to 1918 constitutional reforms, both the governor's office and that of lieutenant governor were vacant on one occasion, when the state was governed by the Governor's Council.

Colonial Massachusetts

Template:Further The colonial history of Massachusetts begins with the founding first of the Plymouth Colony in 1620, and then the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628. The Dominion of New England combined these and other New England colonies into a single unit in 1686, but collapsed in 1689. In 1692 the Province of Massachusetts Bay was established, merging Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, which then included the territory of present-day Maine.

Colonial governors of Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony were elected annually by a limited subset of the male population (known as freemen), while Dominion officials and those of the 1692 province were appointed by the British crown. In 1774 General Thomas Gage became the last royally appointed governor of Massachusetts. He was recalled to England after the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775, by which time the Massachusetts Provincial Congress exercised de facto control of Massachusetts territory outside British-occupied Boston. Between 1775 and the establishment of the Massachusetts State Constitution in 1780 the state was governed by the provincial congress and an executive council.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present

The constitution of Massachusetts created the offices of governor<ref>MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. I</ref> and lieutenant governor,<ref>MA Const. chp II, § 2, art. I</ref> to be elected annually.<ref>MA Const. chp II, § 1, art. II</ref> Terms were lengthened to two years in 1918, to last until their successor was inaugurated, which would be at least the first Wednesday in the January after their election.<ref>MA Const. amendment LXIV</ref> This was changed to the Thursday following the first Wednesday in the January after the election in 1950,<ref>MA Const. amendment LXXX</ref> and terms were lengthened to four years in 1966.<ref>MA Const. amendment LXXXII</ref>

Governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Template:Abbr	Governor			Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. GovernorTemplate:Efn
1	File:John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg	rowspan="16" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	John Hancock Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hancock">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> – February 18, 1785 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	NoneTemplate:Sfn	1780	rowspan="16" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1781
		1782
		1783
		1784
—	File:Thomas Cushing, Member of Continental Congress.jpg	Thomas Cushing Template:Small <ref>Template:Congbio</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – May 27, 1785 Template:Small	NoneTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
2	File:James Bowdoin II by Feke full length.jpg	James Bowdoin Template:Small <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – June 1, 1787 Template:Small	NoneTemplate:Sfn	1785	Template:Sortname
			1786
3	File:John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg	John Hancock Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hancock" />	Template:DtsTemplate:Efn – October 8, 1793 Template:Small	NoneTemplate:Sfn	1787
					1788	Template:Sortname
					1789	Template:Sortname
					1790
					1791
					1792
					1793
4	File:Samuel Adams by John Singleton Copley.jpg	Samuel Adams Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-adams">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – June 2, 1797 Template:Small	NoneTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
			rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|		Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1794	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			1795
			1796
5	File:IncreaseSumnerBySharples.jpg	rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Increase Sumner Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-sumner">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – June 7, 1799 Template:Small	FederalistTemplate:Sfn	1797
		1798
		1799
—	File:John Singleton Copley - Portrait of Govenor Moses Gill - 07.117 - Rhode Island School of Design Museum.jpg	Moses Gill Template:Small <ref>"To George Washington from Moses Gill, 15 May 1793", Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-12-02-0460. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 12, 16 January 1793 – 31 May 1793, ed. Christine Sternberg Patrick and John C. Pinheiro. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005, pp. 576–577.] Accessed March 7, 2023</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – May 20, 1800 Template:Small	FederalistTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
—	File:Seal of Massachusetts.svg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Governor's Council chaired by Thomas Dawes Template:Sfn	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – May 30, 1800	—	Template:Small	Vacant
6	File:Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Caleb Strong Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-strong">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – May 29, 1807 Template:Small	FederalistTemplate:Sfn			1800
		1801		style="background:Template:Party color;"|			Template:Sortname
		1802		rowspan="8" style="background:Template:Party color;"|			Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
		1803
		1804
		1805
		1806
7	File:James Sullivan.jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	James Sullivan Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-sullivan">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – December 10, 1808 Template:Small	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1807	Template:Sortname
		1808
—	File:LeviLincoln.gif	Levi Lincoln Sr. Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-lincoln-levi-1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /> – June 3, 1809 Template:Small	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
8	File:ChristopherGoreByTrumbull.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Christopher Gore Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-gore">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – June 2, 1810 Template:Small	FederalistTemplate:Sfn	1809	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
9	File:Nathaniel Jocelyn - Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) - 1943.1816 - Harvard Art Museums.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Elbridge Gerry Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-gerry">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – May 30, 1812 Template:Small	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1810	rowspan="25" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1811
10	File:Portrait of Caleb Strong (1745-1819) (frame cropped).jpg	rowspan="11" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Caleb Strong Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-strong" />	Template:Dts<ref name="burdick" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – June 1, 1816 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	FederalistTemplate:Sfn	1812	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
		1813
		1814
		1815
11	File:Gilbert Stuart, Govenor John Brooks, c. 1820, HAA.jpg	John Brooks Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-brooks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – May 30, 1823 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	FederalistTemplate:Sfn	1816
			1817
			1818
			1819
			1820
			1821
			1822
12	File:William Eustis.jpg	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	William Eustis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-eustis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – February 6, 1825 Template:Small	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1823	Template:Sortname
		1824
—	File:Marcus Morton.jpg	Marcus Morton Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-morton">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – May 27, 1825 Template:Small	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
13	File:LLincolnJr.jpg	Levi Lincoln Jr. Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-lincoln-levi-2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 21, 1834 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	Democratic- RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1825	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			1826
			1827
			1828
			rowspan="6" style="background:Template:Party color;"|		National RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1829
			1830
			Apr. 1831
			Nov. 1831
			1832
14	File:John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg	John Davis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-davis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – March 3, 1835 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	National RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1833	rowspan="10" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			rowspan="6" style="background:Template:Party color;"|		WhigTemplate:Sfn	1834
—	File:Samuel Turell Armstrong.png	Samuel Turell Armstrong Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-armstrong">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 13, 1836 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	WhigTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
15	File:Edward Everett.jpg	Edward Everett Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-everett">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 18, 1840 Template:Small	WhigTemplate:Sfn	1835	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			1836
			1837
			1838
16	File:Marcus Morton.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Marcus Morton Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-morton" />	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 9, 1841 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1839
17	File:John Davis (Massachusetts Governor).jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	John Davis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-davis" />	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 18, 1843 Template:Small	WhigTemplate:Sfn	1840
		1841
18	File:Marcus Morton.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Marcus Morton Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-morton" />	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 9, 1844 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1842	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
19	File:George Nixon Briggs.jpg	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	George N. Briggs Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-briggs">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 13, 1851 Template:Small	WhigTemplate:Sfn	1843	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1844
		1845
		1846
		1847
		1848
		1849
20	File:George Boutwell, Brady-Handy photo portrait, ca1870-1880.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	George S. Boutwell Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-boutwell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 14, 1853 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1850	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|
		1851
21	File:JohnCliffordByBenoni.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	John H. Clifford Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-clifford">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 12, 1854 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	WhigTemplate:Sfn	1852	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
22	File:EmoryWashburn.jpg	Emory Washburn Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-washburn-emory">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 9, 1855 Template:Small	WhigTemplate:Sfn	1853
23	File:GovHenryJGardner.jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Henry Gardner Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-gardner">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 2, 1858 Template:Small	Know NothingTemplate:Sfn	1854	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1855		rowspan="59" style="background:Template:Party color;"|			Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
		1856
24	File:Nathaniel Prentice Banks.jpg	rowspan="18" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Nathaniel P. Banks Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-banks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 2, 1861 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1857	Template:Sortname
		1858
		1859
25	File:Houghton MS Am 1084 (59) - Andrew - edit.jpg	John Albion Andrew Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-andrew">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 6, 1866 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1860	Template:Sortname
			1861			Template:Sortname
			1862			Template:Sortname
			1863
			1864
26	File:Alexander H. Bullock.png	Alexander Bullock Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-bullock">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 9, 1869 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1865	Template:Sortname
			1866
			1867
27	File:William Claflin - Brady-Handy.jpg	William Claflin Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-claflin">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 5, 1872 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1868	Template:Sortname
			1869
			1870
28	File:William B. Washburn - Brady-Handy.jpg	William B. Washburn Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-washburn-william">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – April 30, 1874 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1871
			1872			Template:Sortname
			1873
—	File:GovThomasTalbot.jpg	Thomas Talbot Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-talbot">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1874 sess., 401, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 7, 1875 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
29	File:GovWilliamGaston.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	William Gaston Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-gaston">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 6, 1876 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1874	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
30	File:AHRice.jpg	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Alexander H. Rice Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-rice">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 2, 1879 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1875
		1876
		1877
31	File:GovThomasTalbot.jpg	Thomas Talbot Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-talbot" />	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 8, 1880 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1878	Template:Sortname
32	File:JDLong.jpg	John Davis Long Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-long">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1880 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 1883 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1879	Template:Sortname
			1880
			1881
33	File:BenFrankButler.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Benjamin Butler Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-butler">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1883 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1884 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1882	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
34	File:GovGeorgeDRobinson.jpg	rowspan="7" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	George D. Robinson Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-robinson">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1884 sess., 12, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 6, 1887 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1883
		1884
		1885
35	File:Oliver Ames 1831–1895.jpg	Oliver Ames Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ames">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1887 sess., 13, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 2, 1890 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1886	Template:Sortname
			1887
			1888
36	File:JohnQABrackett.jpg	John Q. A. Brackett Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-brackett">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1890 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1891 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1889	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
37	File:GovWilliamERussell.jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	William E. Russell Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-russell">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1891 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 1894 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn		1890
		1891
		1892		Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
38	File:Frederick T. Greenhalge.jpg	rowspan="12" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Frederic T. Greenhalge Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-greenhalge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation		CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1894 sess., 15, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – March 5, 1896 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1893
		1894
		1895
39	File:Roger Wolcott by Frederic Porter Vinton.jpg	Roger Wolcott Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-wolcott">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 4, 1900 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
			1896			Template:Sortname
			1897
			1898
40	File:Winthrop Murray Crane.jpg	Winthrop M. Crane Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-crane">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1900 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1903 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1899	Template:Sortname
			1900
			1901
41	File:GovJohnLBates.jpg	John L. Bates Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-bates">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1903 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 5, 1905 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1902	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			1903
42	File:WilliamLewisDouglas.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	William Lewis Douglas Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-douglas">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1905 sess., 17, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 1906 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn		1904
43	File:Curtis Guild Jr.jpg	rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Curtis Guild Jr. Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-guild">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1906 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 7, 1909 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1905	Template:Sortname
		1906
		1907
44	File:Ebenezer Sumner Draper crop.jpg	Eben Sumner Draper Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-draper">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1909 sess., 24, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 5, 1911 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1908	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
			1909
45	File:Governor Foss.png	rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Eugene Foss Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-foss">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1911 sess., 26, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1914 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn		1910
		1911		Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
		1912		rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|			David I. Walsh
46	File:David I. Walsh (MA).jpg	David I. Walsh Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-walsh">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1914 sess., 19, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 6, 1916 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1913	Template:Sortname
			1914			rowspan="13" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Grafton D. CushingTemplate:Efn
47	File:SamuelMcCall.jpg	rowspan="10" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Samuel W. McCall Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-mccall">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1916 sess., 19, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 2, 1919 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1915	Template:Sortname
		1916
		1917
48	File:John Calvin Coolidge, Bain bw photo portrait.jpg	Calvin Coolidge Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-coolidge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1919 sess., 20, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 6, 1921 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1918	Template:Sortname
			1919
49	File:Channing H Cox.png	Channing H. Cox Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-cox">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1921 sess., 21, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1925 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1920	Template:Sortname
			1922
50	File:Alvin T Fuller.png	Alvan T. Fuller Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-fuller">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1925 sess., 22, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1929 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1924	Template:Sortname
			1926
51	File:Frank G Allen.png	Frank G. Allen Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-allen">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1929 sess., 24, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1931 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1928	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
52	File:Joseph B. Ely (MA).png	rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Joseph B. Ely Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-ely">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1931 sess., 29, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1935 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn		1930
		1932		Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
53	File:James Michael Curley.jpg	James Michael Curley Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-curley">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1935 sess., 32, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 7, 1937 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1934	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
54	File:Charles Francis Hurley 1937.png	Charles F. Hurley Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-hurley">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1937 sess., 31, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 5, 1939 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1936	Template:Sortname
55	File:Leverett Saltonstall (MA).jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Leverett Saltonstall Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-saltonstall">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1939 sess., 25, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 1945 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1938	rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1940
		1942
56	File:Mjtobin.jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Maurice J. Tobin Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-tobin">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1945 sess., 43, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 2, 1947 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1944	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
57	File:Robert F. Bradford (Massachusetts Governor).jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Robert F. Bradford Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-bradford">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1947 sess., 36, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 6, 1949 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1946	Template:Sortname
58	File:PaulADever.jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Paul A. Dever Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-dever">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1949 sess., 25, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 1953 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1948	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1950
59	File:Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Christian Herter Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-herter">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1953 sess., 208, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1957 Template:SmallTemplate:Sfn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1952	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1954
60	File:Foster Furcolo, 60th Governor of Massachusetts.jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Foster Furcolo Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-furcolo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1957 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 5, 1961 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1956	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1958
				Vacant
61	File:John Volpe (1970).jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	John A. Volpe Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-volpe">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1961 sess., 14, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1963 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1960	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn
62	File:Endicott Peabody (MA).png	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Endicott Peabody Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-peabody">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1963 sess., 16, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 7, 1965 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1962	Template:Sortname
63	File:John Volpe (1970).jpg	rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	John A. Volpe Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-volpe" />	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1965 sess., 319, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 22, 1969 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	1964	rowspan="4" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1966				Template:Sortname
64	File:Governor Francis Sargent (cropped).jpg	Francis Sargent Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-sargent">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 2, 1975 Template:Small	RepublicanTemplate:Sfn	Template:Small	Acting as governor
			1970			Template:Sortname
65	File:Governor Dukakis speaks at the 1976 Democratic National Convention (cropped).jpg	rowspan="5" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Michael Dukakis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-dukakis">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1975 sess., 299, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 1979 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1974	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
66	File:Edward J. King.png	Edward J. King Template:Small	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1979 sess., 254A, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 6, 1983 Template:Small	DemocraticTemplate:Sfn	1978
67	File:Governor Michael Dukakis (1).jpg	Michael Dukakis Template:Small Template:Sfn<ref name="nga-dukakis" />	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1983 sess., 18A, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 3, 1991 Template:Small	Democratic<ref name="nga-dukakis" />	1982	Template:Sortname
						Vacant
					1986	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
68	File:William F. Weld (MA).jpg	rowspan="6" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Bill Weld Template:Small <ref name="nga-weld">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 1991 sess., 334A, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – July 29, 1997 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	Republican<ref name="nga-weld" />	1990	rowspan="6" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		1994
69	File:Paul Cellucci gubernatorial photo.jpg	Paul Cellucci Template:Small <ref name="nga-cellucci">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – April 10, 2001 Template:SmallTemplate:Efn	Republican<ref name="nga-cellucci" />	Template:Small	Acting as governor
			1998			Template:Sortname
—	File:Jane Swift gubernatorial photo.jpg	Jane Swift Template:Small <ref name="nga-swift">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 2, 2003 Template:Small	Republican<ref name="nga-swift" />	Template:Small	Acting as governor
70	File:Mitt Romney's official gubernatorial portrait (cropped).jpg	Mitt Romney Template:Small <ref name="nga-romney">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 2003 sess., 4, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 4, 2007 Template:Small	Republican<ref name="nga-romney" />	2002	Template:Sortname
71	File:Deval Patrick official photo.jpg	rowspan="3" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Deval Patrick Template:Small <ref name="nga-patrick">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Massachusetts General Court. Journal of the Senate. 2007 sess., 9, accessed March 8, 2023</ref> – January 8, 2015 Template:Small	Democratic<ref name="nga-patrick" />	2006	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		2010
				Vacant
72	File:Charlie Baker official photo (cropped).jpg	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Charlie Baker Template:Small <ref name="nga-baker">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – January 5, 2023 Template:Small	Republican<ref name="nga-baker" />	2014	rowspan="2" style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname
		2018
73	File:Maura Healey, official portrait, governor (cropped).jpg	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Maura Healey Template:Small <ref name="nga-healey">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Template:Dts<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> – IncumbentTemplate:Efn	Democratic<ref name="nga-healey" />	2022	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	Template:Sortname

See also

• First Ladies and Gentlemen of Massachusetts

References

Citations Template:Reflist

Sources Template:Refbegin

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book (five volume history of Massachusetts until the early 20th century; volume 3 deals with the provisional period and post-independence history until 1820)
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}

• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• Template:Cite book
• {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} Template:Refend

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:Citation. (Various documents).