Graham Gund
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Graham de Conde Gund (born 1940) is an American architect and the president of the Gund Partnership, an American architecture firm based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and founded by Gund in 1971. An heir to George Gund II, he is also a collector of contemporary art, whose collection has been widely exhibited<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and published.
A native of Cleveland, Ohio where he was born in 1940,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Gund was educated at Westminster School (Connecticut), Kenyon College, and the Rhode Island School of Design. Gund graduated from the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, with a Master of Architecture degree in 1968 and a Master of Urban Design degree in 1969. Graham Gund is one of six children of George Gund II, former chairman of the Cleveland Trust Company, philanthropist and namesake for the Graduate School of Design's George Gund Hall, completed in 1971. His siblings are George III b. 1937; Agnes b. 1938; Gordon b. 1939; Geoffrey b.1942; Louise b. 1944.<ref name="washpo1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="gundfound1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
After graduation, Gund worked at The Architects' Collaborative in Cambridge, Massachusetts.<ref name="gundpart">Template:Cite book</ref> Gund himself undertook property development for a number of his firm's projects. He is also a noted collector of art.<ref name="nyt3">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="nyt4">Template:Cite news</ref> Gund funded the Gund Gallery at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.<ref name="bosglo1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bosglo2">Template:Cite news</ref> Gund was also the driving force behind the founding of the Gund Gallery at Kenyon College. He designed the museum's building, a LEED Silver-certified project that garnered multiple architectural awards.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With his wife Ann, he gave a substantial gift of over 80 modern and contemporary artworks to start the museum's permanent collection.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ArchitectureEdit
After working with modern architect Walter Gropius at the Architects' Collaborative, Gund began his career with significant projects that drew from a modernist vocabulary. The Hyatt Regency Cambridge, with its stepped massing, recalled legendary projects by architects Adolf Loos and Henri Sauvage, while utilizing red brick characteristic of Cambridge's collegiate river-side architecture. For Boston's Institute for Contemporary Art, Gund created an unexpected, open, angular interior that played against the rigid geometry of a historic Richardsonian Romanesque building.
The firm became well known during the 1980s for extending this creative take on architecture through significant national projects, some of which were prominent adaptive uses while others were new buildings. Additional museums and education buildings represented the continued expansion of Gund's practice in these years. Among the adaptive uses was the Norwalk Maritime Center in Connecticut, a museum and aquarium project housed in a salvaged iron works complex, with a new IMAX theater. New institutional buildings included major structures for Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth, MA, and for the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta.
At this time, Gund played a role as both architect and developer to reclaim threatened or damaged historic buildings, as in the Church Court Condominiums in Boston and Bulfinch Square in Cambridge. Such activity even led to his being described by Vincent Scully as a "convinced preservationist," comparing Gund to Charles Bulfinch.<ref name="umass1">Template:Cite book</ref>
Among Gund's early work was the Rockefeller residence in Cambridge (1973), the Hyatt Regency Cambridge (1976) and the former Institute for Contemporary Art, now the Boston Architectural College (1976). Much of Gund's work in this period involved renovations or residential adaptive reuse projects in the Boston area.<ref name="Gund Partnership, p. 280">Gund Partnership, p. 280</ref> Other projects included the Johnston Guardhouse at Harvard Yard<ref name="crimson1">Template:Cite news</ref> (1983), adaptive reuse of an ironworks building for the Maritime Aquarium at Norwalk (1988), and the Art Deco Revival 31-story 75 State Street (also known as the Fleet Bank Center), Boston (1989), in association with Skidmore, Owings and Merrill.<ref name="Gund Partnership, p. 280"/><ref name="nyt2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="enc20th1">Template:Cite book</ref> In the 1990s Gund's work expanded to include considerable work with Disney Company in Florida and Paris. Gund was featured on This Old House in 1992 as the architect for the television show's Igoe Residence project.<ref name="toh1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By the 2000s Gund's work was primarily focused on school and university projects.
Recent workEdit
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Recent notable buildings designed by the firm include the headquarters for the National Association of Realtors in Washington, D.C.,<ref>Gund Partnership, p. 206</ref> occupying a prominent location on New Jersey Avenue, the conservatory for the Cleveland Botanical Garden, the Lansburgh Theater for the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC,<ref name="AIADC1">Template:Cite book</ref> The Fannie Cox Math and Science Center for Friends' Central School in Wynnewood, PA,<ref>Gund Partnership, p. 54</ref> the synagogue building for Young Israel of Brookline, Massachusetts, the Kenyon Athletic Center, and buildings on many American college campuses, including those of Harvard University, Denison University, and Kenyon College.<ref name="goldberger1">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="nyt5">Template:Cite news</ref> Gund also designed the Boston Ballet Headquarters on Clarendon Street in Boston, Massachusetts.<ref name="nyt6">Template:Cite news</ref>
Work for DisneyEdit
Gund has designed a number of projects in the Disney Company's planned community of Celebration, Florida, noted for a high concentration of work by major architectural firms invited by Disney.<ref name="wdwuk1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="nyt8">Template:Cite news</ref>
- Coronado Springs Resort, Walt Disney World, Florida (design architect)<ref name="disdream1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Celebration Hotel and Celebration High School<ref name="AIAOrlando1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Gund Partnership, pp. 78, 166-172</ref>
Other work by Gund for Disney includes the International Retail and Manufacturers' Showcase at Euro Disney.<ref>Gund Partnership, p. 196</ref>
PublicationsEdit
Gund's work has been widely published throughout his career, with articles by major critics in national publications. The firm's architecture has been the subject of two books: Gund Partnership 1994-2007, with an extensive foreword by New York Times architecture critic Paul Goldberger,<ref name="goldberger1"/> and Graham Gund Architects, published in 1993, with an introduction by Vincent Scully.<ref name="rapaport1">Template:Cite book</ref>
He is married to Ann Gund née Landreth,<ref name="nytlandreth">Template:Cite news</ref> with whom he has one son, Graydon. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.<ref>Gund Partnership, p. 268</ref>
Additional Gund projectsEdit
- Church Court Condominiums, Boston (1983) - re-modelled Mt. Vernon Church, corner Beacon St. + Massachusetts Ave.,<ref>Nancy Carlson Schrock. Images of New England: Documenting the Built Environment. American Archivist, Vol. 50, No. 4 (Fall, 1987)</ref> developed by Gund<ref name="tyler1">Template:Cite book</ref>
- Bostix Kiosk, Copley Square, Boston (1992)
- Kenyon Athletic Center, Ohio (built 2006)
- Newton North High School, Massachusetts (built 2010)
- Armour Academic Center, Westminster School
- Armstrong Dining Hall, Westminster School
The firm is also known for historic redevelopment projects including Bulfinch Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Major museum projects include the Plimoth Plantation Visitor Center in Plymouth, Massachusetts, and the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta, Georgia.
ReferencesEdit
BibliographyEdit
- Gund Partnership 1994-2007, Mahar, Christa, ed., Mulgrave, Australia.: Images Publishing Group, 2008. Template:ISBN, introduction by Paul Goldberger
- Rapaport, Richard. Graham Gund Architects: American Institute of Architects Press, 1993. Template:ISBN, introduction by Vincent Scully