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Greater Boston

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Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas, home to 4,941,632. The most stringent definition of the region, used by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council, consists of most of the eastern third of mainland Massachusetts, excluding the Merrimack Valley and most of Southeastern Massachusetts, though most definitions (including the U.S. Census definition) include much of these areas and portions of southern New Hampshire.<ref name="GreaterBostonAIHub" />

While the city of Boston covers Template:Convert and has 675,647 residents as of the 2020 census, the urbanization has extended well into surrounding areas and the Combined Statistical Area (CSA in the rest of the document), which includes the Providence, Rhode Island, Manchester, New Hampshire, Cape Cod and Worcester areas, has a population of more than 8.4 million people, making it one of the most populous such regions in the U.S.

Some of Greater Boston's most well-known contributions involve the region's higher education and medical institutions. Greater Boston has been influential upon American history and industry. The region and the state of Massachusetts are global leaders in biotechnology, artificial intelligence,<ref name=GreaterBostonAIHub>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Greater Boston is ranked tenth in population among US metropolitan statistical areas, home to 4,941,632 people as of the 2020 United States census, and sixth among combined statistical areas, with a population of 8,466,186. The area has hosted many people and sites significant to American culture and history, particularly American literature,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> politics, and the American Revolution.

Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the Mayflower. In 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution.

The Greater Boston region has played a powerful scientific, commercial, and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, the region was a center for the abolitionist, temperance,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and transcendentalist<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> movements.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2004, Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in Boston.<ref name=CNNmarriage>Template:Cite news</ref> Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the Boston region, including the Adams and Kennedy families.

Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, founded in 1636,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> with the largest financial endowment of any university,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and whose Law School has spawned a contemporaneous majority of United States Supreme Court Justices.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet", in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world.<ref name=AcademicRanking2>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

GeographyEdit

Boundary definitionsEdit

Metropolitan AreaEdit

Template:Anchor The most restrictive definition of the Greater Boston area is the region administered by the Metropolitan Area Planning Council.<ref name="mapc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The MAPC is a regional planning organization created by the Massachusetts legislature to oversee transportation infrastructure and economic development concerns in the Boston area. The MAPC includes 101 cities and towns that are grouped into eight subregions. These include most of the area within the region's outer circumferential highway, I-495. In 2013, the population of the MAPC district was 3.2 million, which was 48% of the total population of Massachusetts,<ref name=datacommon>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in an area of Template:Convert,<ref name=mapc/> of which 39% is forested and an additional 11% is water, wetland, or other open space.<ref name="mpo-draft2030">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The cities and towns included in this definition are:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Cmn

New England City and Town AreaEdit

Two definitions are used by the United States Census to define the Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metro Area or Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan NECTA, which is defined as a New England City and Town Area.<ref name="data.census.gov">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The metro area definition is based on counties, while the NECTA definition is based on city and town boundaries. Counties included in the county-based definition include:<ref name="data.census.gov"/>

The NECTA definition includes all of the communities from the MAPC definition, as well as the Merrimack Valley communities, parts of southern New Hampshire (northward to Milford and Hampton, and the Taunton area.

Template:US Census population

File:MIT Charles River aerial.JPG
Cambridge and Boston with MIT and Kendall Square in the foreground and Boston's Financial District in the background

Combined Statistical AreaEdit

The widest definition of the metropolitan area based on commuting patterns, is defined by the U.S. Census as the Boston–Worcester–Providence combined statistical area. This area consists of the following counties in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire:<ref name="www2.census.gov">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Downtown Providence Rhode Island 2008.jpg
Downtown Providence, Rhode Island in 2008

The total population for the extended region was estimated at 8,466,186 at the 2020 census.Template:Citation needed

SubregionsEdit

ClimateEdit

The Boston area has humid continental climates (Dfa and Dfb under the Köppen climate classification system), with high humidity and precipitation year-round. Template:Concord, New Hampshire weatherbox Template:Boston, MA weatherbox Template:Providence, Rhode Island weatherbox

DemographicsEdit

File:St. Patrick's Day Parade, Scituate MA.jpg
CitationClass=web }}</ref> Irish Americans constitute the largest ethnicity in Greater Boston.
File:Boston Chinatown Paifang.jpg
Boston's Chinatown, with its paifang gate, is home to many Chinese and also Vietnamese restaurants.
File:Were a gay and happy family wagon.jpg
Boston gay pride march, held annually in June

Greater Boston has a sizable Jewish community, estimated at between 210,000 people,<ref name=jewglobe>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 261,000<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> or 5–6% of the Greater Boston metro population, compared with about 2% for the nation as a whole. Contrary to national trends, the number of Jews in Greater Boston has been growing, fueled by the fact that 60% of children in Jewish mixed-faith families are raised Jewish, compared with roughly one in three nationally.<ref name=jewglobe/> The 2020 PRRI Atlas found that 35% of the Boston metro area identified as Protestant while 26% identified as Catholic.<ref name="p491">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The City of Boston also has one of the largest LGBT populations per capita. It ranks fifth of all major cities in the country (behind San Francisco, and slightly behind Seattle, Atlanta, and Minneapolis), with 12.3% of the city identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

County 2021 Estimate 2020 Census Change Area Density
Middlesex County, Massachusetts Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Essex County, Massachusetts Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Suffolk County, Massachusetts Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Norfolk County, Massachusetts Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Plymouth County, Massachusetts Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Rockingham County, New Hampshire Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Strafford County, New Hampshire Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density
Total Template:Change Template:Convert Template:Pop density

The 40 most diverse Census tracts in the Boston CSA:<ref name="nytimes1">Template:Cite news</ref>

The 40 census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino:<ref name="nytimes1"/>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Black American:<ref name="nytimes1"/>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Asian American:<ref name="nytimes1"/>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Irish American:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Italian American:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with the highest percentage of residents who identify as Portuguese American:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Census tracts in the Boston CSA with French or French Canadian listed as first ancestry:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Largest cities and townsEdit

Cities and towns with a population over 50,000 as of the 2020 census include:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="US Census CT">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="US Census MA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="US Census NH">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="US Census RI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

State capital
State largest city
Rank Name State Population (2020) Population (2010) Change
1. Boston Template:Flag Template:Change
2. Worcester Template:Change
3. Providence Template:Flag Template:Change
4. Cambridge Template:Flag Template:Change
5. Manchester Template:Flag Template:Change
6. Lowell Template:Flag Template:Change
7. Brockton Template:Change
8. Quincy Template:Change
9. Lynn Template:Change
10. New Bedford Template:Change
11. Fall River Template:Change
12. Nashua Template:Flag Template:Change
13. Lawrence Template:Flag Template:Change
14. Newton Template:Change
15. Cranston Template:Flag Template:Change
16. Warwick Template:Change
17. Somerville Template:Flag Template:Change
18. Pawtucket Template:Flag Template:Change
19. Framingham Template:Flag Template:Change
20. Haverhill Template:Change
21. Malden Template:Change
22. Waltham Template:Change
23. Brookline Template:Change
24. Revere Template:Change
25. Plymouth Template:Change
26. Medford Template:Change
27. Taunton Template:Change
28. Weymouth Template:Change
29. Peabody Template:Change
30. Methuen Template:Change

EducationEdit

Template:See also

File:Widener Library.jpg
Harvard University, a leading global university, is located in Cambridge, MA in Greater Boston

A long established center of higher education, the area includes many community colleges, two-year schools, and internationally prominent undergraduate and graduate institutions. The graduate schools include highly regarded schools of law, medicine, business, technology, international relations, public health, education, and religion. Greater Boston contains seven R1 Research Institutions as per the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. This is, by far, the highest number of such institutions in a single Metropolitan Statistical Area in the United States.

Template:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston

EconomyEdit

Template:Further

Template:AnchorMajor companiesEdit

References:<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>[1] Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>[2] Template:Webarchive</ref> Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Col-end

TransportationEdit

Template:See also

InterstatesEdit

U.S. RoutesEdit

State HighwaysEdit

Bridges and tunnelsEdit

AirportsEdit

Rail and busEdit

File:MBTA Commuter Rail and funding district map.svg
The MBTA district, with Commuter Rail lines in purple

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) is the primary operator of transit in Greater Boston. It operates the MBTA subway system and the MBTA bus network in Boston and inner suburbs, as well as the MBTA Commuter Rail system and the MBTA boat network serving Greater Boston.

Other public transit includes Amtrak intercity rail service, Logan Express service to Logan International Airport, and privately-operated intercity bus and ferry systems. A number of regional transit authorities operate local bus service:

Ocean transportationEdit

File:Salem Ferry.JPG
The Salem Ferry, 92 ft. Catamaran is photographed approaching its dock off Blaney Street at the Salem Maritime National Historic Site in Salem, Massachusetts, United States.

SportsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

Club Sport League Stadium Established League titles
Boston Bruins Ice hockey National Hockey League TD Garden (Boston) 1924 6 Stanley Cups
7 Eastern Conference Titles
Boston Celtics Basketball National Basketball Association TD Garden (Boston) 1946 18 NBA Championships
23 Eastern Conference Titles
Boston Red Sox Baseball Major League Baseball Fenway Park (Boston) 1901 9 MLB World Series Championships
14 American League Pennants
New England Patriots Football National Football League Gillette Stadium (Foxboro) 1960 6 Super Bowl Championships
11 AFC Championships
New England Revolution Soccer Major League Soccer Gillette Stadium (Foxboro) 1996 1 US Open Cup
1 Supporters' Shield
New England Free Jacks Rugby union Major League Rugby Veterans Memorial Stadium (Quincy) 2018 2 MLR Championships

Annual sporting events include:

The Greater Boston League, a high school athletic conference in Massachusetts.

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

Template:Wikivoyage

  • Template:Cite book An informative guidebook, with facts and data about literary figures, publishers, bookstores, libraries, and other historic sites on the newly designated Literary Trail of Greater Boston.
  • Template:Cite book

Template:Greater Boston Template:Boston Template:US state navigation box Template:US state navigation box Template:US state navigation box Template:Northeast Megalopolis

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