Gryllidae
Template:Short description Template:Automatic taxobox
The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. Imms<ref name = Imms>Imms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.</ref>): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level.Template:Efn The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.<ref>Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.</ref>
They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica).<ref name=OSF/> The most familiar field crickets (Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects;<ref name=Resh>Template:Cite book</ref> the largest members of the family are the Template:Convert-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep. Template:Notelist
SubfamiliesEdit
The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):<ref name=OSF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Subfamily group Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 – common or field crickets
- Gryllinae Laicharting, 1781 (now includes Sclerogryllini Gorochov, 1985)
- Gryllomiminae Gorochov, 1986 monotypic: Gryllomimus Chopard, 1936 (Africa)
- Gryllomorphinae Saussure, 1877
- †Gryllospeculinae Gorochov, 1985
- †Araripegryllus Martins-Neto 1987 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian ?Weald Clay, United Kingdom, Hauterivian
- †Brontogryllus Martins-Neto 1991 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- †Gryllospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- †Mongolospeculum Gorochov 1985 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- †Proararipegryllus Gorochov & Coram, 2022
- Gryllinae incertae sedis
- Capillogryllus Template:Au
- †Cratogryllus Template:Au Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- Neogryllodes Template:Au
- Rhabdotogryllus Template:Au
- †Sharovella Template:Au
- Spinogryllus Template:Au
- †Trichogryllus Template:Au
- Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
- Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
- Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
- Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
- genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
- genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019<ref>Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae: 56-63.</ref> Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
- genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
- genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
- genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement<ref>Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936</ref>)
- genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
- genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
- genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian