H-IIA
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox rocket
H-IIA (H-2A) is an active expendable launch system operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. These liquid fuel rockets have been used to launch satellites into geostationary orbit; lunar orbiting spacecraft; Akatsuki, which studied the planet Venus; and the Emirates Mars Mission, which was launched to Mars in July 2020. Launches occur at the Tanegashima Space Center. The H-IIA first flew in 2001. Template:As of, H-IIA rockets were launched 49 times, including 43 consecutive missions without a failure, dating back to 29 November 2003.
Production and management of the H-IIA shifted from JAXA to MHI on 1 April 2007. Flight 13, which launched the lunar orbiter SELENE, was the first H-IIA launched after this privatization.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The H-IIA is a derivative of the earlier H-II rocket, substantially redesigned to improve reliability and minimize costs. There have been four variants, with two in active service (as of 2020) for various purposes. A derivative design, the H-IIB, was developed in the 2000s and made its maiden flight in 2009 before finally retired on its final launch in 2020.
Vehicle descriptionEdit
The base configuration, and the only remaining active configuration of an H-IIA launch vehicle, uses two SRB-A type solid rocket boosters (SRBs). The launch capability of the H-IIA launch vehicle could be enhanced by adding an additional two SRB-A boosters or up to four Castor 4AXL solid strap-on boosters (SSBs).
The models are indicated by three or four numbers following the prefix "H2A":<ref name="leaflet">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- The first number in the sequence indicates the number of stages (always 2)
- The second number in the sequence indicates the number of liquid rocket boosters (a planned addition to the launch vehicle that was canceled, so always 0)
- The third number in the sequence indicates the number of SRB-A type solid rocket boosters (2 or 4)
- The fourth, optional, number in the sequence indicates the number of Castor 4AXL solid strap-on boosters (2 or 4)
VariantsEdit
- Launch system status
Template:Legend Template:LegendTemplate:Legend
| Designation | Mass (tonnes) | Payload to GTO (tonnes) | Addon modules | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2A 202 | 285 | 4.1 | 2 SRB-A (SRB) | ||
| H2A 2022<ref>三菱重工、「H2A」2機種に半減・民営化でコスト減. NIKKEI NET</ref> | 316 | 4.5 | 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 2 Castor 4AXL (SSB) | ||
| H2A 2024 | 347 | 5 | 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 4 Castor 4AXL (SSB) | ||
| H2A 204 | 445 | 6 | 4 SRB-A (SRB) | ||
| H2A 212 | 403 | 7.5 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| H2A 222 | 520 | 9.5 | 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 2 LRBs <ref name="SpaceDaily"/> |
Launch historyEdit
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The first H-IIA was successfully launched on 29 August 2001, followed by a string of successes.
The sixth launch on 29 November 2003, intended to launch two IGS reconnaissance satellites, failed. JAXA announced that launches would resume in 2005, and the first successful flight took place on 26 February 2005 with the launch of MTSAT-1R.
The first launch for a mission beyond Earth orbit was on 14 September 2007 for the SELENE Moon mission. The first foreign payload on the H-IIA was the Australian FedSat-1 in 2002. As of March 2015, 27 out of 28 launches were successful.
A rocket with increased launch capabilities, H-IIB, is a derivative of the H-IIA family. H-IIB uses two LE-7A engines in its first stage, as opposed to one in H-IIA. The first H-IIB was successfully launched on 10 September 2009.
For the 29th flight on 24 November 2015, an H-IIA with an upgraded second stage<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> launched the Telstar 12V satellite, the first commercial primary payload for a Japanese launch vehicle.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Flight
No. |
Date (UTC) | Type | Payload(s) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TF1 | 29 August 2001 07:00:00 |
H2A 202 | VEP 2 LRE |
Template:Success | |
| TF2 | 4 February 2002 02:45:00 |
H2A 2024 | VEP 3 MDS-1 (Tsubasa) DASH |
Template:Success | |
| F3 | 10 September 2002 08:20:00 |
H2A 2024 | USERS DRTS (Kodama) |
Template:Success | |
| F4 | 14 December 2002 01:31:00 |
H2A 202 | ADEOS 2 (Midori 2) WEOS (Kanta-kun) FedSat 1 Micro LabSat 1 |
Template:Success | |
| F5 | 28 March 2003 01:27:00 |
H2A 2024 | IGS-Optical 1 IGS-Radar 1 |
Template:Success | |
| F6 | 29 November 2003 04:33:00 |
H2A 2024 | IGS-Optical IGS-Radar |
Template:Failure | |
| A hot gas leak from SRB-A motor destroyed its separation system and the booster did not separate as planned. The weight of the spent motor prevented the vehicle from achieving its planned speed and height and it was destroyed via a ground command about 10 minutes into the flight.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||||
| F7 | 26 February 2005 09:25:00 |
H2A 2022 | MTSAT-1R (Himawari 6) | Template:Success | |
| F8 | 24 January 2006 01:33:00 |
H2A 2022 | ALOS (Daichi) | Template:Success | |
| F9 | 18 February 2006 06:27:00 |
H2A 2024 | MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7) | Template:Success | |
| F10 | 11 September 2006 04:35:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Optical 2 | Template:Success | |
| F11 | 18 December 2006 06:32:00 |
H2A 204 | ETS-VIII (Kiku 8) | Template:Success | |
| F12 | 24 February 2007 04:41:00 |
H2A 2024 | IGS-Radar 2 IGS-Optical 3V |
Template:Success | |
| F13 | 14 September 2007 01:31:01 |
H2A 2022 | SELENE (Kaguya) | Template:Success | |
| F14 | 23 February 2008 08:55:00 |
H2A 2024 | WINDS (Kizuna) | Template:Success | |
| F15 | 23 January 2009 03:54:00 |
H2A 202 | GOSAT (Ibuki) SDS-1 STARS (Kūkai) KKS-1 (Kiseki) PRISM (Hitomi) Sohla-1 (Maido 1) SORUNSAT-1 (Kagayaki) SPRITE-SAT (Raijin) |
Template:Success <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
| F16 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>|| H2A 202|| IGS-Optical 3 || Template:Success | |||
| F17 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref>|| H2A 202 <ref name="nasa_f17">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> || PLANET-C (Akatsuki) |
| F18 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>|| H2A 202 || QZS-1 (Michibiki) || Template:Success | |||
| F19 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>|| H2A 202 || IGS-Optical 4 || Template:Success | |||
| F20 | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref>|| H2A 202 || IGS-Radar 3 || Template:Success | |||
| F21 | 17 May 2012 16:39:00 |
citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> || GCOM-W1 (Shizuku) | ||
| F22 | 27 January 2013 04:40:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar 4 IGS-Optical 5V |
Template:Success | |
| F23 | 27 February 2014 18:37:00 |
H2A 202 | GPM-Core SindaiSat (Ginrei) STARS-II (Gennai) TeikyoSat-3 ITF-1 (Yui) OPUSAT (CosMoz) INVADER KSAT2 |
Template:Success | |
| F24 | 24 May 2014 03:05:14 |
H2A 202 | ALOS-2 (Daichi 2) RISING-2 UNIFORM-1 SOCRATES SPROUT |
Template:Success | |
| F25 | 7 October 2014 05:16:00 |
H2A 202 | Himawari 8 | Template:Success | |
| F26 | 3 December 2014 04:22:04 |
H2A 202 | Hayabusa2 Shin'en 2 ARTSAT2-DESPATCH PROCYON |
Template:Success | |
| F27 | 1 February 2015 01:21:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar Spare | Template:Success | |
| F28 | 26 March 2015 01:21:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Optical 5 | Template:Success | |
| F29 | 24 November 2015 06:50:00 |
H2A 204 | Telstar 12 Vantage | Template:Success | |
| F30 | 17 February 2016 08:45:00 |
H2A 202 | ASTRO-H (Hitomi) ChubuSat-2 (Kinshachi 2) ChubuSat-3 (Kinshachi 3) Horyu-4 |
Template:Success | |
| The Hitomi telescope broke apart 37 days after launch.<ref name="clark-20160418">Template:Cite news</ref> | |||||
| F31 | 2 November 2016 06:20:00 |
H2A 202 | Himawari 9 | Template:Success | |
| F32 | 24 January 2017 07:44:00 |
H2A 204 | DSN-2 (Kirameki 2) | Template:Success | |
| F33 | 17 March 2017 01:20:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar 5 | Template:Success | |
| F34 | 1 June 2017 00:17:46 |
H2A 202 | QZS-2 (Michibiki 2) | Template:Success | |
| F35 | 19 August 2017 05:29:00 |
H2A 204 | QZS-3 (Michibiki 3) | Template:Success | |
| F36 | 9 October 2017 22:01:37 |
H2A 202 | QZS-4 (Michibiki 4) | Template:Success | |
| F37 | 23 December 2017 01:26:22 |
H2A 202 | GCOM-C (Shikisai) SLATS (Tsubame) |
Template:Success | |
| F38 | 27 February 2018 04:34:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Optical 6 | Template:Success | |
| F39 | 12 June 2018 04:20:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar 6 | Template:Success | |
| F40 | 29 October 2018 04:08:00 |
H2A 202 | GOSAT-2 (Ibuki-2) KhalifaSat Diwata-2B Tenkōh Stars-AO (Aoi) AUTcube2 (Gamacube) |
Template:Success | |
| F41 | 9 February 2020 01:34:00 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Optical 7 | Template:Success | |
| F42 | 19 July 2020 21:58:14 |
H2A 202 | Emirates Mars Mission (Hope) | Template:Success | |
| F43 | 29 November 2020 07:25:00 |
H2A 202 | JDRS/LUCAS | Template:Success | |
| F44 | 26 October 2021 02:19:37 |
H2A 202 | QZS-1R | Template:Success | |
| F45 | 22 December 2021 15:32:00 |
H2A 204 | Inmarsat-6 F1 | Template:Success | |
| F46 | 26 January 2023 01:50:21 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar 7 | Template:Success | |
| F47 | 6 September 2023 23:42:11 |
H2A 202 | XRISM SLIM |
Template:Success | |
| F48 | 12 January 2024 04:44:26 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Optical 8 | Template:Success | |
| F49 | 26 September 2024 05:24:20 |
H2A 202 | IGS-Radar 8 | Template:Success | |
| F50 | 23 June 2025 16:33 |
H2A 202 | GOSAT-GW | Template:Planned | |
| Final flight of H-IIA, and H-II family as a whole. | |||||
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Notes Template:Reflist
Sources Template:Refbegin
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }} Template:Refend
External linksEdit
- H-IIA LAUNCH SERVICES Template:Webarchive, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
- JAXA H-IIA English page
- JAXA English page
- JAXA Launch Schedule Template:Webarchive
- Tanegashima Space Center Template:Webarchive
- "Tanegashima Space Center"– VISIT JAXA --
- Encyclopedia Astronautica page
- Failed Launch, 11-29-2003
- Image
- Launch 2 Image
Template:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Template:Expendable launch systems Template:Japanese launch systems