Haider al-Abadi

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates

{{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}

| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;

| above = {{#if:|

{{{honorific-prefix}}}

}}

{{#if:|

{{{honorific-suffix}}}

}}

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:Template:Nobold|{{#if:ar|

}}Template:Nobold{{#if:ar|

}}}}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Haider al-Abadi January 2015.jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} = Al-Abadi in 2015

| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}

| data2 = | header3 = {{#if:Haider Jawad Kadhim al-AbadiTemplate:Birth date and age Template:Fact Baghdad, Kingdom of Iraq Iraq, United Kingdom Iraqi Victory Alliance Islamic Dawa3University of Technology
University of ManchesterPolitician|Personal details}} | label4 = Pronunciation | data4 =

| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br

|1 = {{#if:Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi|

Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi

}}

|2 = Template:Birth date and ageTemplate:Fact
|3 = Baghdad, Kingdom of Iraq
}}

| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short

   | Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death

| data7 = {{#if:||}}

| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br||}}

| label9 = Citizenship | data9 = Iraq, United Kingdom

| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|Iraqi}} | {{#ifeq:Template:Country2nationality|{{#invoke:delink|delink|Iraqi}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|Iraqi}}}} = | {{#ifeq:Template:Find country|England|British}} = | #default = Iraqi }}

| label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch:Victory Alliance | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = Victory Alliance }}

| label12 = Other political
affiliations | data12 = Islamic Dawa

| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}

| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 =

| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =

| label16 = Relations | data16 =

| label17 = Children | data17 = 3

| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}

| label19 = Relatives | data19 =

| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:||label}} | data20 =

| label21 = Education | data21 =

| label22 = Alma mater | data22 = University of Technology
University of Manchester

| label23 = Occupation | data23 =

| label24 = Profession | data24 = Politician

| label25 = Known for | data25 =

| label26 = Salary | data26 =

| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =

| label28 = Committees | data28 =

| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =

| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 =

| label31 = Awards | data31 =

| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =

| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =

| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =

| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =

| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:Haider al-Abadi's signature.png|Haider al-Abadi's signature}}

| label37 = Website | data37 = {{#invoke:URL|url}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:URL with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | 1 | 2 }}

| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =

| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}

| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =

| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =

| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =

| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =

| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =

| label45 = Commands | data45 =

| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =

| label47 = {{#if:|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =

| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =

| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =

| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =

| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =

| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =

| below =

{{#if:| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:|, {{{year}}}}}}}

{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }}

Haider Jawad Kadhim al-Abadi (Template:Langx; born 25 AprilTemplate:Fact 1952) is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq from September 2014 until October 2018. Previously he served as Minister of Communication from 2003 to 2004, in the first government after Saddam Hussein was deposed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He was designated as prime minister by President Fuad Masum on 11 August 2014 to succeed Nouri al-Maliki<ref name="Iraq's Nuri al-Maliki digs in as President nominates new Prime Minister">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was approved by the Iraqi parliament on 8 September 2014.<ref name="Iraqi Parliament approves the new government of Abadi and the vice-presidents of Fuad Masum">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Al-Abadi was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In office throughout the majority of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) which he announced victory against ISIL, he later left the office of Prime Minister in 2018, following rising domestic discontent and widespread violent protests.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and educationEdit

al-Abadi was born to a Shia Arab family in Baghdad. Al-Abadi's father was a member of the Baghdad Neurosurgery Hospital and Inspector General of the Iraqi Ministry of Health. He was forced to retire in 1979 due to disagreements with the Ba'athist regime, and was buried in the US after his death.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Al-Abadi, who speaks English, graduated high school in 1970 from the Central High School (Template:Langx) in Bagdad.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1975, he earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology in Baghdad.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1980, he earned a PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Manchester.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

CareerEdit

Al-Abadi joined the Dawa Party in 1967.<ref name=":0" /> Two of his brothers were killed and one was put in prison 1980, 1981, and 1982 for belonging to the Dawa Party. In 1981, his third brother was arrested and spent 10 years in prison.<ref name=":1" /> In 1977, he became in charge of its organization in Britain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1979, he became a member of the party's executive leadership.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1983, the government confiscated al-Abadi's passport for conspiring against Iraq's Ba'ath Party.<ref name=":2" />

ExileEdit

Al-Abadi remained in the UK, in voluntary exile, until the 2003 invasion of Iraq.<ref name="BBC">Iraq's post-war cabinet , [1], September 1, 2003, BBC</ref> His positions during this time included:<ref name=":0" />

Director general of a small design and development firm in London specialising in high-technology vertical and horizontal transportation (1993–2003)
Consultant, in London, in matters relating to transportation (1987–2003)
Research leader for a major modernization contract in London (1981–1986)

Al-Abadi was awarded a grant from the UK Department of Trade and Industry in 1998.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While working in London in 2001 al-Abadi registered a patent relating to rapid transit systems.

Return to IraqEdit

In 2003, al-Abadi became skeptical of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) privatization plan, proposing to Paul Bremer that they had to wait for a legitimate government to be formed. In October 2003, al-Abadi with all 25 of the interim Governing Council ministers protested to Paul Bremer and rejected the CPA's demand to privatize the state-owned companies and infrastructure prior to forming a legitimate government. The CPA, led by Bremer, fell out with al-Abadi and the Governing Council. The CPA worked around the Governing Council, forming a new government that remained beholden to the CPA to serve until the general elections, prompting more aggressive armed actions by insurgents against US-led coalition personnel.<ref name="harpers">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

While al-Abadi was Minister of Communications, the CPA awarded licenses to three mobile operators to cover all parts of Iraq. Despite being rendered nearly powerless by the CPA,<ref name="Behind">Template:Cite news</ref> Al-Abadi was not prepared to be a rubber stamp and introduced more conditions for the licenses. Among them that a sovereign Iraqi government has the power to amend or terminate the licenses and introduce a fourth national license, which caused some friction with the CPA. In 2003, press reports indicated Iraqi officials were under investigation over a questionable deal involving Orascom, an Egypt-based telecoms company, which in late 2003 was awarded a contract to provide a mobile network to central Iraq. Al-Abadi asserted that there was no illicit dealing in the completed awards.<ref name="TeleGeo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2004, it was revealed that these allegations were fabrications, and a US Department of Defense review found that telecommunications contracting had been illegally influenced in an unsuccessful effort led by disgraced US Deputy Undersecretary of Defense John A. Shaw and not by Iraqis.<ref name="LATimes">Template:Cite news</ref>

Between January and December 2005, he served as an adviser to the Prime Minister of Iraq in the first elected government.<ref name="MEED">Template:Cite journal</ref>

He was elected as a member of the Iraqi Parliament in the December 2005 parliamentary election and chaired the parliamentary committee for Economy, Investment and Reconstruction. Al-Abadi was re-elected in the 2010 parliamentary election as a member of the Iraqi Parliament representing Baghdad. In 2013, he chaired the Finance Committee and was at the center of a parliamentary dispute over the allocation of the 2013 Iraqi budget.<ref name="AlMonitor">Template:Cite news</ref>

Al-Abadi's name was circulated as a prime ministerial candidate during the formation of the Iraqi government in 2006 during which time Ibrahim al-Jaafari was replaced by Nouri al-Maliki as prime minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2008, al-Abadi remained steadfast in his support of Iraqi sovereignty, insisting on specific conditions to the agreement with the U.S. regarding its presence in Iraq.<ref name="USATODAY">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2009, al-Abadi was identified by the Middle East Economic Digest as a key person to watch in Iraq's reconstruction.<ref name="MEED" />

He is an active member of the Iraq Petroleum Advisory Committee, participating in the Iraq Petroleum Conferences of 2009–2012 organized by Nawar Abdulhadi and Phillip Clarke of The CWC Group.<ref name="CWC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

He was one of several Iraqi politicians supporting a suit against Blackwater as a result of the 2010 dismissal of criminal charges against Blackwater personnel involved in the 2007 killing of 17 Iraqi civilians.<ref name="world">Template:Cite news</ref>

Al-Abadi was again tapped as a possible prime minister during the tough negotiations between Iraqi political blocs after the elections of 2010 to choose a replacement to incumbent PM Nouri al-Maliki. Again in 2014, he was nominated by Shia political parties as an alternative candidate for Prime Minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Prime Minister (2014–2018)Edit

File:Владимир Путин и Хайдар Абади 2.jpg

At a meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

File:VP Mike Pence with Haider al-Abadi Prime Minister of Iraq prior to their bilateral meeting. (32969550935).jpg

At a meeting with U.S. Vice President Mike Pence.

File:President Rouhani meeting with Iraqi PM Haider al-Abadi in Saadabad Palace 1.jpg

At a meeting with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.

File:Haider al-Abadi and Donald Trump in the Oval Office, March 2017.jpg

At a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump.

On 24 July 2014, Fuad Masum became the new president of Iraq. He, in turn, nominated al-Abadi for prime minister on 11 August.<ref name="bbc abadi appointment">Template:Cite news</ref> For the appointment to take effect, al-Abadi was required to form a government to be confirmed by Parliament within 30 days.<ref name="mcclatchydc abadi">Template:Cite news</ref> Al-Maliki, however, refused to give up his post and referred the matter to the federal court claiming the president's nomination was a "constitutional violation". He said, "The insistence on this until the end is to protect the state."<ref name="NewPM">Template:Cite news</ref> On 14 August 2014, in the face of growing calls from world leaders and members of his own party, the embattled prime minister announced he was stepping down to make way for al-Abadi. The announcement of the leadership transition from al-Maliki to al-Abadi triggered a major realignment of Sunni Arab public opinion away from armed opposition groups and to the Iraqi government, since many Iraqi Sunni Arabs were optimistic that the new government would address their grievances and deliver public goods and services to them.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

The Iraqi Parliament approved al-Abadi's new government and his presidential program on 8 September 2014.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the months after assuming office in September 2014, Abadi made determined efforts to increase Sunni participation in the Iraqi government.<ref name =Foreignaffairs>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Abadi appointed Khaled al-Obaidi, a prominent Sunni politician from Mosul, as his Defense Minister, and the appointment was ratified by the Iraqi parliament after two months.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/> In mid-December 2014, Abadi forged a new revenue-sharing agreement with the Kurds, under which Baghdad agreed to pay the Kurdish Regional Government one half of all income from Kurdish-controlled oil fields.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/> To counter the widespread corruption in the army stemming from the Maliki years, Abadi announced that 50,000 "ghost soldiers" had been identified and would be removed from army payrolls.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/> "Ghost soldiers" were men on army payrolls who never showed up for duty, but paid their officers part of their salaries, thus institutionalizing corruption and hollowing out the armed forces.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Iraqi President Fuad Masum paid a goodwill visit to Saudi Arabia in November 2014. In response, Saudi Arabia prepared to reopen its embassy in Baghdad, which had remained closed since the start of the Gulf War in 1990.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/> Abadi has also visited Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey to discuss regional strategies to combat militant Islamist forces.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/> Foreign Affairs magazine has written that after four months in power, Abadi's attempts to resolve Iraq's sectarian strife make his premiership "a welcome change from the schismatic style of his predecessor". As a result of Abadi's reforms, the United States pledged $1.5 billion to train Iraqi forces and announced the sale of F-16 fighter jets, suspended after the 2003 invasion of Iraq.<ref name =Foreignaffairs/>

Combating political corruption was an early priority of the al-Abadi administration. In August 2015, al-Abadi unveiled a plan to strengthen the government by, among other things, eliminating security details for senior officials and cutting benefits to specific high-level officials.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Al-Abadi was forced to contend with the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant as prime minister; he was sometimes critical of Barack Obama and the United States military response to the threat of ISIL.<ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Furthermore, al-Abadi pivoted closer towards Russia and Iran in order to combat the threat of ISIL and encouraged cooperation between these nations on military operations in the region.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In April, 2016, al-Abadi's difficulties in implementing political reforms led to the storming of the Iraqi parliament by supporters of Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The protesters breaching the Green Zone and disrupting the parliament have been described as evidence of Iraq's increasingly dysfunctional political system and al-Abadi's problems in getting corruption under control.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 9 December 2017, Prime Minister Al-Abadi announced victory over ISIL and the end of the Iraqi Civil War (2014-2017).<ref name="end of war">Template:Cite news</ref>

Abadi was succeeded by Adil Abdul-Mahdi on 25 October 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project links

Template:C-SPAN

Template:S-start Template:S-off Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft |- Template:S-ppo Template:S-bef Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-end

Template:IraqiPMs Template:Authority control