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Harold Arlen

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Harold Arlen (born Hyman Arluck; February 15, 1905 – April 23, 1986) was an American composer of popular music,<ref name="Larkin">Template:Cite book</ref> who composed over 500 songs, a number of which have become known worldwide. In addition to composing the songs for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz (lyrics by Yip Harburg), including "Over the Rainbow", which won him the Oscar for Best Original Song, he was nominated as composer for 8 other Oscar awards. Arlen is a highly regarded contributor to the Great American Songbook. "Over the Rainbow" was voted the 20th century's No. 1 song by the RIAA and the NEA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Life and careerEdit

Arlen was born in Buffalo, New York, the child of a Jewish cantor.<ref name="Larkin"/> His twin brother died the next day. He learned to play the piano as a youth,<ref name=Laurie/> and formed a band, Hyman Arluck's Snappy Trio, at age 15. He left home at 16 against his parents' wishes; within two years, he was performing on the Crystal Beach lake boat "Canadiana" with his new band, The Southbound Shufflers. In 1924, he performed at the Lake Shore manor and co-wrote his first song, "My Gal, My Pal", with his friend Hyman Cheiffetz. They copyrighted it as "My Gal, Won't You Please Come Back to Me?" and attribute the lyrics to Cheiffetz and music to Harold Arluck.Template:Cn He achieved some local success as a pianist and singer before moving to New York City in his early twenties, where he worked as an accompanist in vaudeville<ref name=Laurie>Template:Cite book</ref> and changed his name to Harold Arlen. Between 1926 and about 1934, Arlen appeared occasionally as a band vocalist on records by The Buffalodians, Red Nichols, Joe Venuti, Leo Reisman, and Eddie Duchin, usually singing his own compositions. He also played piano with The Buffalodians. In 1926, he and Dick George wrote "Minor Gaff (Blues Fantasy)", which became his first published song.

File:Peggy Lee Harold Arlen Vic Damone 1961.JPG
Arlen (left) performs with Peggy Lee and Vic Damone in 1961

In 1929, Arlen composed his first well-known song: "Get Happy" (with lyrics by Ted Koehler)<ref name="Larkin"/> and subsequently signed a yearlong song-writing contract with the George and Arthur Piantadosi firm. The same year, he held a singing and acting gig as Cokey Joe in the musical The Great Day. Throughout the early and mid-1930s, Arlen and Koehler wrote shows for the Cotton Club, a popular Harlem night club, as well as for Broadway musicals and Hollywood films.<ref name="Larkin"/> Arlen and Koehler's partnership resulted in a number of hit songs, including the familiar standards "Let's Fall in Love" and "Stormy Weather".<ref name="Larkin"/> For their last show at the Cotton Club Parade in 1934, he and Ted Koehler wrote "Ill Wind (You're Blowin' Me No Good)", with lyrics by Koehler and sung by Adelaide Hall<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Arlen continued to perform as a pianist and vocalist with some success, most notably on records with Leo Reisman's society dance orchestra.

In the mid-1930s, Arlen married, and spent increasing time in California, writing for movie musicals. It was at this time that he began working with lyricist E. Y. "Yip" Harburg.<ref name="Larkin"/> He signed with Samuel Goldwyn in 1935 to write songs for the film Strike Me Pink.Template:Cn In 1938, the team was hired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to compose songs for The Wizard of Oz,<ref name="Larkin"/> the most famous of which is "Over the Rainbow", for which they won the Academy Award for Best Music, Original Song. They also wrote "Down with Love" (featured in the 1937 Broadway show Hooray for What!), "Lydia the Tattooed Lady", for Groucho Marx in At the Circus in 1939, and "Happiness Is a Thing Called Joe", for Ethel Waters in the 1943 movie Cabin in the Sky.<ref name="Larkin"/> Arlen was a longtime friend and one-time roommate of actor Ray Bolger, who starred in The Wizard of Oz.

In the 1940s, he teamed up with lyricist Johnny Mercer, and continued to write hit songs like "Blues in the Night", "Out of this World", "That Old Black Magic", "Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive", "Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home", "Come Rain or Come Shine" and "One for My Baby (and One More for the Road)".<ref name="Larkin"/> In 1949, he collaborated with Ralph Blane to write the score for My Blue Heaven. The following year, he and Mercer worked on the film The Petty Girl, out of which came the song "Fancy Free". He worked with Dorothy Fields on the 1952 film The Farmer Takes a Wife.Template:Cn Arlen composed two of the defining songs of Judy Garland's career: "Over the Rainbow" and "The Man That Got Away", the last written for the 1954 version of the film A Star Is Born.<ref name="Larkin"/> At her famous 1961 Carnegie Hall concert, after finishing a set of his songs, Garland acknowledged Arlen in the audience and invited him to receive an ovation.Template:Cn

In 1962, he wrote the score for the animated musical Gay Purr-ee, with lyrics by E.Y. Harburg.Template:Cn Arlen recorded his debut album as a vocalist, Harold Sings Arlen (With Friend), in 1966. Barbra Streisand accompanied him on two songs.<ref name="Allmusic">{{#ifeq: | yes | https://www.allmusic.com/album/harold-sings-arlen-with-friend-mw0000265882{{ 

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}}</ref> The theme song for the ABC sitcom Paper Moon is based on the song of that title, written by Arlen and Harburg in 1932. The series was based on a 1973 Peter Bogdanovich film of the same name, which used the same song.Template:Cn He was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1979.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Marriage and deathEdit

Arlen and Anya Taranda married on January 6, 1937, over the objection of their parents, because she was Gentile and he was Jewish.<ref name=BSinger/> Arlen's father died in 1953.Template:Cn In 1951, Anya was institutionalized for seven years. Coming home the same year that Celia Arluk (Harold's mother) had died,<ref name=BSinger>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> she was diagnosed with a brain tumor in 1969, which became fatal by 1970.<ref name="comerain">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Arlen never remarried. He died of cancer on April 23, 1986, at his Manhattan apartment at the age of eighty-one.<ref name="comerain"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Arlen is buried next to his wife at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. After Arlen's death, Irving Berlin summed up his life at a tribute, saying: "He wasn't as well known as some of us, but he was a better songwriter than most of us and he will be missed by all of us."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Shortly before his death, Arlen adopted his own nephew, Samuel, the 22-year-old adult son of his brother Julius "Jerry" Arluck; his estate would have an heir in order to extend his copyright.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Jablonski360"/> Known as Samuel Arlen, he is a musician in his own right, as both a saxophonist as well as a music publisher;<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> his control extends to the company that owns the rights to the Arlen catalog.

Works for BroadwayEdit

Major songsEdit

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FilmsEdit

BiographiesEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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