Harry Osborn

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Harold Theopolis "Harry" Lyman (né Osborn)<ref>Spider-Man: Brand New Day Yearbook, Marvel Comics, 2008).</ref> is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Spider-Man. Created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, the character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965).

Harry is the best friend of Peter Parker (Spider-Man's alter ego) and Flash Thompson, one of the ex-boyfriends of Mary Jane Watson, the son of Norman Osborn, the husband of Liz Allan and the father of Normie and Stanley Osborn. He is the second character to assume the Green Goblin alias while one of his clones was amongst the many users of the Iron Patriot armor as the superhero American Son. An artificial intelligence (A.I.) copy of Harry (which he created while the Green Goblin), known as the A.I. Harry Osborn, is also the creator of the clones Gabriel and Sarah, who are both later revealed to be operating as his demonic revenant Kindred under the Harry A.I.'s command.

The character has appeared in many adaptations of Spider-Man outside of the comic books, including various cartoons and video games. James Franco portrayed the character in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film trilogy (2002–2007), and Dane DeHaan portrays the character in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014).

Publication history

Harry Osborn first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965),<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko.

In The Amazing Spider-Man #122 (July 1973), Harry's father, Norman, is killed off, and a subplot leading to Harry inheriting his father's identity as the Green Goblin is introduced. This subplot culminates in The Amazing Spider-Man #136 (September 1974). Writer Gerry Conway said that the idea of Harry Osborn becoming the Green Goblin stemmed in part from a desire to deal with the consequences of the psychedelic drugs Harry began using in The Amazing Spider-Man #96 (May 1971).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Conway said that he had had experience with such drugs himself, and that "with psychedelic drugs, hallucinogens, if they've been misused, there is a potential for additional hallucinogenic experiences that are completely beyond your control or volition. I could imagine Harry getting hit by something like that, in the fragile emotional state following the death of his father, and losing touch with reality, as a result. Besides, I never had any intention of getting rid of the Green Goblin as a concept forever, so it all came together".<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Harry dies in The Spectacular Spider-Man #200 (May 1993). Artist Sal Buscema said that drawing the final two pages of this issue was a deeply emotional experience for him due to how long he had drawn the character, and felt it was appropriate that writer J. M. DeMatteis chose not to add any dialogue to those pages.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Several years later, the Spider-Man writers made plans to reveal that the mysterious villain Gaunt was Harry Osborn, who was still alive and had orchestrated the "Clone Saga", but an editorial edict prevented this from coming to fruition.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> However, Harry was eventually revived in The Amazing Spider-Man #545 (December 2007). It is later revealed that this Harry was a clone, with the original remaining dead.

Fictional character biography

Harry is the only son of Norman Osborn and Emily Lyman. The circumstances of Harry's birth weaken Emily, and she dies after a long illness. Heartbroken, Norman becomes a cold and unloving father; Norman either contemptuously dismisses Harry or lashes out at him in fury.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man Annual #14 (June 1994)</ref> As a result, Harry spends much of his life trying desperately to earn his father's approval. Unbeknownst to him, Norman traded his son's soul to the demon Mephisto in exchange for wealth and power, and Harry would be cursed for the rest of his life while Norman forgot the deal.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 5) #72 (October 2021)</ref>

Upon graduating from high school, Harry enrolls in Empire State University. Among the wealthiest students in the school, Harry soon becomes one of the most popular as well, despite his aloof manner. He has a clique of rich, popular students around him; one of these is Gwen Stacy. Gwen is intrigued by a new student: Peter Parker. Harry takes a dislike to Peter; he resents the attention Gwen pays to Peter, and he assumes that Peter's standoffishness is snobbery. After confronting Parker, Harry realizes that Peter is merely shy and is also worried about his ailing aunt May Parker. Despite this rocky start, Harry and Peter became best friends, eventually sharing an apartment.

Harry does not realize that his best friend is the superhero Spider-Man, nor that his father became the supervillain Green Goblin in an accident while attempting to create a super-serum. Moreover, before he became friends with Harry, Spider-Man was unmasked and captured by Green Goblin.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #39 (August 1966)</ref> During the subsequent battle, an electric shock removed all memory of being Green Goblin from Norman's mind. Spider-Man then hid all evidence of Norman's double identity, to keep Harry from being hurt by the revelation.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #40 (September 1966)</ref>

However, Norman's Green Goblin persona resurfaces from time to time. These are difficult times for Harry, as his father's periodic episodes are unexplainable. He had experimented with drugs in his teens; but he escalates his usage, as well as trying ever-harder substances. This affects his mental stability and his relationships with his friends. Spider-Man uses this to his advantage during one battle with Green Goblin; he is able to stop the fight by showing Norman his son's emaciated condition, brought on by an accidental drug overdose. The sight shocks Norman so much that it brings him back to sanity.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #98 (July 1971)</ref>

Green Goblin

File:Amazingspider136.jpg

Harry Osborn as the new Green Goblin, battling Spider-Man on the cover of The Amazing Spider-Man #136 by John Romita, Sr.

Harry is dumped by Mary Jane Watson due to being fed up with his self-destructive lifestyle. Disconsolate, Harry turns to drugs and overdoses on amphetamines. He recovers at home instead of at a hospital, as Norman wanted to keep the matter quiet, and a doctor diagnoses him with schizophrenia. After Norman Osborn is supposedly killed,<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #121-122 (June–July 1973)</ref> Harry swears vengeance and confronts Peter as the second Green Goblin.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #136 (September 1974)</ref>

Not wanting to hurt Harry, Peter avoids fighting his old friend. After Spider-Man thwarts Harry's initial attempt on his life, Harry is knocked unconscious and taken into police custody.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #137 (October 1974)</ref> Harry is put in the care of psychologist Bart Hamilton, who extracts information from Harry through hypnosis. Hamilton then raids one of Harry's hideouts and becomes the third Green Goblin. Harry is released and considered cured, sustaining a concussion that makes him forget his knowledge of Spider-Man's identity.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #151 (December 1975)</ref>

For a while, Harry's life seems back on track; his company begins turning profits once more, and he develops a romance with Liz Allan after they meet at the wedding of Betty Brant and Ned Leeds. Not long after the two are married, and eventually they have a son, Normie Osborn, who is named after Norman.<ref>Web of Spider-Man #67 (August 1990)</ref>

Death

This tranquility is shattered when the aftereffects of the "Inferno" event break the barrier between Harry's conscious and subconscious minds. Once again, he remembers being Green Goblin and his hatred of Spider-Man. Harry convinces himself that Peter Parker resents the Osborns' "stable family life" due to never having been wanted by his own parents or guardians, when in fact it was the opposite.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man #180-181 (September - October 1991)</ref> Harry takes a new version of the Goblin Formula and attacks Spider-Man, but dies from the formula's effects.<ref>The Spectacular Spider-Man #200 (May 1993)</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Post-mortem

Following Harry Osborn's death, two digital versions of him appear: one was created by Harry himself, while the other was created by the Scrier cabal to manipulate Normie Osborn.<ref>Spider-Man: Legacy of Evil one-shot (June 1996)</ref><ref>The Amazing Spider-Man Annual (May 2000)</ref>

Harry Osborn is seemingly brought back from the dead and uses the American Son armor.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man #595 - 599 (May - September 2009)</ref> It is later revealed that this Harry Osborn was a clone, with the original's soul being imprisoned in Hell and tortured by Mephisto until Doctor Strange frees him.<ref>The Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 5) #74 (November 2021)</ref>

Powers and abilities

For most of his life, Harry Osborn had no superhuman abilities.

As Green Goblin

After exposing himself to his father's formula, he takes the reins of the second Green Goblin, causing him to become much stronger, cunning and agile. The glider he carries has swords, along with usual Goblin technology.

As American Son

Harry's clone also had temporary access to the American Son armor.

Harry A.I/Kindred

Template:Further When the Harry Osborn A.I. created the Kindred twins, the assistance of Mephisto bestowed the twins with the demonically-enhanced capabilities of immortality, super-strength, and control over the centipedes like the ones that can protrude out of them. In addition, they can perform magic and revive the dead.

Reception

Accolades

• In 2014, IGN ranked Harry Osborn 6th in their "Top 25 Spider-Man Villains" list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2020, CBR.com ranked Harry Osborn 6th in their "Spider-Man: 10 Most Powerful Members Of The Osborn Family" list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2021, Screen Rant included Harry Osborn in their "10 Best Marvel Legacy Villains Who Lived Up To Their Predecessor" list<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and in their "15 Most Powerful Variants Of Green Goblin In Marvel Comics" list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• In 2022, CBR.com ranked Harry Osborn 2nd in their "10 Best Marvel Legacy Villains" list<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 3rd in their "10 Best Versions Of Green Goblin From The Comics" list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Other versions

Infinity Wars

An alternate universe variant of Harry Osborn, amalgamated with Werewolf by Night, appears in Infinity Wars. This version is the best friend and partner of Peter Spector (a fusion of Peter Parker and Moon Knight), who operates as the vigilante Arachknight. Harry later discovers that Norman was cursed to transform into an evil goblin and killed Peter's Uncle Ben and Aunt May. While Harry is taking care of his father, Norman loses control and bites Harry, passing the curse to him. Harry becomes the new Goblin by Night and runs away, but Peter and a now-cured Norman vow to cure him.<ref>Infinity Wars: Arachknight #2 (January 2019)</ref>

Spider-Man: Life Story

An alternate universe variant of Harry Osborn from Earth-19529 appears in Spider-Man: Life Story. This version became the head of Oscorp after Norman Osborn was arrested. When Otto Octavius attempts to kill Peter and his clone Ben Reilly, Harry sacrifices himself to save them.<ref>Spider-Man: Life Story #1-4 (May - August 2019)</ref>

Spider-Gwen

An alternate universe variant of Harry Osborn from Earth-65 appears in Spider-Gwen. This version is a social outcast who is constantly bullied due to a rumor that he tried to burn his old prep school down.<ref>Spider-Gwen (vol. 2) #1 (December 2015)</ref> Following Peter Parker's death, Harry takes the Lizard serum and attacks Spider-Gwen before she extracts the serum from his blood and returns him to normal.<ref>Spider-Gwen (vol. 2) #22 (September 2017)</ref>

Spider-Geddon

During the Spider-Geddon storyline, several alternate universe variants of Harry Osborn appear:

• The Earth-44145 version of Harry Osborn was given the Kobold armor to avenge Spider-Man following his death.<ref>Edge of Spider-Geddon #4 (November 2018)</ref>
• During the return of the Inheritors, Spider-Gwen is stranded on Earth-3109, where Harry Osborn became Spider-Man instead of Peter Parker.<ref>Spider-Gwen: Ghost-Spider #2 (November 2018)</ref>

Ultimate Marvel

An alternate universe variant of Harry Osborn from Earth-1610 appears in Ultimate Spider-Man (2000). This version developed an alternate personality known as Shaw due to Norman Osborn having subjected him to hypnotic therapy for years. Harry eventually turns into the Hobgoblin, an orange goblin-like creature who possesses superhuman strength and pyrokinesis.<ref>Ultimate Spider-Man #74 (May 2005)</ref> He is used by S.H.I.E.L.D. to attract his father and the two end up doing battle, during which Norman kills Harry.<ref>Ultimate Spider-Man #115 (December 2007)</ref><ref>Ultimate Spider-Man #117 (February 2008)</ref>

Ultimate Universe

An alternate universe variant of Harry Osborn from Earth-6160 appears in Ultimate Spider-Man (2024). This version is the heir of Oscorp, one of the largest companies of the North American Union, a regional power bloc which includes the former United States territories. After his parents are killed in an attack on Stark Tower by the Maker's Council, Harry becomes the CEO of Oscorp.<ref>Ultimate Spider-Man (vol. 3) #1 (March 2024)</ref>

In other media

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Harry Osborn has been adapted to other media including cartoons, films, games, toys, collectibles, miscellaneous memorabilia, and has appeared as a supporting character in numerous computer and video games.

In television, the character first was featured in Fox Kids' Spider-Man: The Animated Series (1994–1998) voiced by Gary Imhoff, Spider-Man: The New Animated Series (2003) voiced by Ian Ziering, The Spectacular Spider-Man (2008–2009) voiced by James Arnold Taylor, Ultimate Spider-Man (2012–2017) voiced by Matt Lanter, and Spider-Man (2017–2020) voiced by Max Mittelman. Harry Osborn appears in the Disney+ animated series Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (2025–present), voiced by Zeno Robinson.

Harry Osborn/New Goblin was also featured in a trilogy of live-action films directed by Sam Raimi played by James Franco, and the 2014 film The Amazing Spider-Man 2 portrayed by Dane DeHaan, directed by Marc Webb.

The character appears via voicemail in the 2018 video game Spider-Man, voiced by Scott Porter. He has a non-speaking cameo appearance in the post-credits scene of its 2020 spin-off Spider-Man: Miles Morales. He returns in a more prominent role in the 2023 sequel Spider-Man 2, voiced by Graham Philips. In this game, Harry adopts a costume similar to Agent Venom before eventually becoming this universe's variant of Venom.

Collected editions

Title	Material Collected	Published Date	ISBN
Amazing Spider-Man Presents: American Son	Amazing Spider-Man Presents: American Son #1-4	December 1, 2010	Template:ISBNT

External links

• Harry Osborn at Marvel.com
• Spider-Man 3: The Spider & The Goblin: Peter Parker and Harry Osborn - A retrospective at Marvel.com
• Harry's Profile at Spiderfan.org Template:Webarchive
• Template:Marveldatabase
• Harry Osborn at Comicvine