Harvard station
Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox station
Harvard station is a rapid transit and bus transfer station in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Located at Harvard Square, it serves the MBTA's Red Line subway system as well as MBTA buses. Harvard averaged 18,528 entries each weekday in FY2019, making it the third-busiest MBTA station after Template:Bts and Template:Bts.<ref name=fy2019counts />
Harvard station is located directly beneath Harvard Square, a transportation, business, and cultural focal point in Cambridge. The Red Line rail platforms lie underneath Massachusetts Avenue just north of the center of the square. Many connecting surface transit routes are served by the Harvard bus tunnel, which runs on the west side of the station. The primary station entrance leads to a central atrium fare lobby under Harvard Square; there is also a secondary fare lobby for the Red Line toward the north end of the station, with entrances at Church Street and opposite it, near Harvard's Johnston Gate; and an unpaid entrance to the bus tunnel at Brattle Square.
Station layoutEdit
Harvard station has a complex structure located largely under triangular Harvard Square, from which Massachusetts Avenue runs to the north and east and Brattle Street to the southwest, and under the surrounding streets. The main lobby is located under the square itself, and approximately matches its triangular shape. The glass-and-steel main headhouse is located in a sunken concrete plaza at the south end of the square.<ref name=dedicates /> The plaza, locally known as "the Pit", plays host to homeless people, street artists, skateboarders, and activists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Passengers descend eastward from the headhouse on a bank of stairs and elevators, then turn and descend northwest on a second escalator bank into the lobby. An elevator is located adjacent to the headhouse; the station is fully accessible.<ref name=dedicates />
The Red Line platforms are located on two stacked levels, north of the square under Massachusetts Avenue.<ref name=rollsign1983 /> The outbound (northbound) track is above and slightly east of the inbound track; both have side platforms on their west sides.<ref name="nyc"/> These split platforms run from near the south end of Harvard University's Straus Hall to the south part of Flagstaff Park near Garden Street.<ref name=rollsign1983 /> A pair of ramps lead from the main lobbyTemplate:Nbsp— which has faregates on its north sideTemplate:Nbsp— to the platforms. A secondary fare lobby is located above the middle of both platforms, with small brick headhouses on both sides of Massachusetts Avenue at Church Street near Johnston Gate.<ref name=rollsign1983>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Bus tunnelEdit
Immediately west of the subway platforms is the Template:Convert-long Harvard bus tunnel, used by MBTA buses and formerly trackless trolleys.<ref name=repairs /> Like the Red Line, it is split into two stacked tunnel levels; the northbound level is above and slightly east of the southbound level.<ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp Both levels have platforms on their east side, located under Brattle Street southwest of the main lobby. A pair of ramps connect the main station lobby to the platforms; a small set of stairs also connects the lower platform to the west side of the lobby. A headhouse and an elevator to the upper level are located at Eliot Square at the southwest end of the platform.<ref name=eliot />
The south portal of the tunnel is located on Mount Auburn Street; it runs slightly west of Brattle Street to Harvard Square, then northward along the west side of Massachusetts Avenue. The north portal is located inside Flagstaff Park near the south end of Cambridge Common, with an incline to the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Cambridge Street.<ref name=linesofthehub>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp Bennett Alley, a private alley south of Mount Auburn Street, is used for layovers and for northbound buses to access the tunnel from Bennett Street.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp
The platform is located on the left side for southbound buses (all of which terminate at Harvard). Because buses using the tunnel do not have left-hand doors, passengers must alight next to the wall and cross in front of the bus.<ref name=safari /> MBTA trolleybuses were equipped with an additional left-hand door for boarding on this level; because this door did not have a farebox, passengers instead paid while alighting from routes 71 and 73 (the only routes that boarded southbound in the tunnel).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=safari>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Harvard is a major transfer point for MBTA bus routes. Template:MBTA bus links/count routesTemplate:Nbsp— Template:MBTA bus linksTemplate:Nbsp— use the Harvard bus tunnel. All board on the upper level; all use the lower level for alighting except the 71 and 73 (which use the upper level for alighting) and the southbound 66, 86, and 109. Template:MBTA bus links/count routes – Template:MBTA bus links – stop at street level at several locations in Harvard Square. (Routes 66, 86, and 109 run northbound in the tunnel and southbound on the surface.) Template:MBTA bus links/mapcite Southbound buses on routes 66 and 86, and terminating buses on route 77, also serve a stop on Eliot Street at Bennett Street.<ref name=netransit />Template:MBTA bus links/mapcite Template:Clear left
HistoryEdit
Original stationEdit
Horse-drawn omnibus service between Harvard Square in Cambridge and downtown Boston began in 1826. The hourly service soon increased to ten-minute headways to meet demand.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp In late 1849, the Fitchburg Railroad opened the Harvard Branch Railroad, with a Harvard Square station near where Austin Hall is now located. With only six daily round trips, the branch failed to compete with the omnibus service and was closed in 1855.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=sne>Template:Cite book</ref> On March 26, 1856, the Cambridge Railroad began horse-drawn tram service between Harvard Square and Bowdoin SquareTemplate:Nbsp— the first such service in the Boston area.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp Following the opening of its Beacon Street line earlier that year, the West End Street Railway began electric streetcar service on the North Cambridge–Bowdoin Square line on February 16, 1889.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp Murray Street Carhouse was built for the new electric cars.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp The West End (which was acquired by the Boston Elevated Railway in 1897) rapidly expanded its electric operations, including other lines meeting at Harvard Square.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp
After the success of the 1897-opened Tremont Street Subway, the Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) planned an elevated system with lines to Cambridge, South Boston, Charlestown, and Roxbury. The latter two lines opened in 1901 as the Charlestown Elevated and Washington Street Elevated, while the South Boston line was determined to be infeasible.<ref name=redlinebook>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp After debate about running an elevated line above business districts in Cambridge, the BERy agreed in late 1906 to built a line under Beacon Hill in Boston, over a new West Boston Bridge, and under Main Street and Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge to Harvard Square.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp Construction began on May 24, 1909.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp The Cambridge Subway opened from Harvard Square to Park Street Under on March 23, 1912, with intermediate stations at Central Square and Kendall Square.<ref name=netransit />
The two-level underground Harvard Square station largely matched the triangular shape of Harvard Square. The subway platforms were oriented east-west under Massachusetts Avenue at the east end of the station, with the outbound (unloading) platform above and slightly north of the inbound platform.<ref name=engnews /> The outbound platform was Template:Convert long and at least Template:Convert wide; the inbound platform was Template:Convert long and at least Template:Convert wide to accommodate passengers waiting for trains.<ref name=erj /> West of the platforms, the tracks merged onto a single level, with a pocket track between them. This three-track tunnel ran southwest under Brattle Street to a maintenance facility known as ”Eliot Shops”; outbound trains could reverse direction at the pocket track or continue to the yard.<ref name=engnews />
A two-level streetcar tunnel formed the west part of the station, with platforms Template:Convert long.<ref name=erj /> The southbound (lower) level was for streetcars running on Mount Auburn Street, while the northbound level was for streetcars running on Massachusetts Avenue and Garden Street. The streetcar platforms were divided into unloading and loading sections for the through-routed streetcar lines, allowing separation of passenger flows in opposite directions.<ref name=erj /> This philosophy was used throughout the station, with dedicated one-way transfer passages between trains and streetcars in all directions. All passages were level or sloped downwards for ease of movement, and stairs were only necessary for entering or exiting the station at the surface.<ref name=erj /><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The platforms and floors were made of granolithic. Station walls were tiled with white enamel, with a red tile band Template:Convert above the floor and white plaster above.<ref name=engnews /> The exit to Harvard Yard also had dark granite inside and black marble at the surface.<ref name=erj />
Early plans called for a monument-like headhouse in Harvard Square matching that of Scollay Square station.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp However, a one-story, Template:Convert oval-shaped brick and stone entrance/exit structure was constructed instead.<ref name=erj /> Like the rest of the Cambridge Subway, it was designed by a committee of architects led by Robert Peabody.<ref name=landmark>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=erj /><ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp Additional entrances were located on the south side of Massachusetts Avenue east of Holyoke Street, and inside a BERy waiting room on the south face of the square. Secondary exits were located on the northeast side of the square (later in front of Lehman Hall) and on the north side of Massachusetts Avenue east of the square near the Wadsworth House.<ref name=erj>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=engnews /> The original headhouse was replaced by a smaller structure in 1928.<ref name=landmark /> Otherwise, the station was little changed until the 1970s.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp
Streetcar tunnelEdit
With an eight-minute running time between Harvard Square and Park Street, the Cambridge Subway was fifteen minutes faster than surface streetcars.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> No longer needing to run to downtown Boston, lines from the north and west were truncated to Harvard Square. The streetcar tunnel served lines to Watertown, Waverley Square, Belmont, Huron Avenue, and Arlington Heights via North Cambridge. Some lines were through-routed: Arlington Heights with Watertown, and North Cambridge line with Waverley and Belmont; the Huron Avenue line terminated at Bennett Yard.<ref name=formally>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> Lines to Lechmere Square, Kendall Square, and Boston continued to use surface tracks in the square.<ref name=engnews /><ref name=formally /> On May 4, 1912, Lexington and Boston Street Railway cars from Lowell began using the tunnel.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> This lasted until the line was replaced by buses (later becoming MBTA route 62) in 1924.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref>
By 1922, 104 streetcars per hour (24 single cars and 40 two-car trains) ran northbound through the tunnel during the afternoon peak.<ref name=threenew /> In response to overcrowding, the BERy extended the loading section of the northbound platform from Template:Convert to Template:Convert and widened the existing portion, doubling its area.<ref name=threenew /> Construction work started in late 1922 and was finished in 1923.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> At that time, the BERy believed that Harvard would be the permanent terminus; the heavy ridership from the north was expected to be handled by extending rapid transit from Lechmere Square.<ref name=threenew>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref>
Bus routes added in the 1920s and 1930s (including the 1925 conversion of the Harvard-Kendall line) originally stopped on the surface. Trackless trolleys (trolleybuses) began to use the tunnel with the conversion of the Huron Avenue streetcar line (now route Template:MBTABus) on April 2, 1938.<ref name=clarke1970>Template:Cite book</ref> (The Harvard–Lechmere lineTemplate:Nbsp— now route Template:MBTABusTemplate:Nbsp— was converted in 1936, but it continued to run on the surface because of road geometry. Not until spring 1956 were wires reconfigured to allow the line to use the tunnel.)<ref name=barber15>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name=clarke1970 /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The busy Arlington Heights line (now route Template:MBTABus) was converted to surface-stopping diesel buses on November 19, 1955.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp
In the late 1950s, the MTA (which had replaced the BERy in 1947) needed additional streetcars to run the new Riverside Line (which opened in 1959), but no domestic manufacturers were still producing PCC streetcars.<ref name=rollsign1983 /> The City of Cambridge also planned road work that would interrupt streetcar service, and wished to eliminate "safety islands" (where passengers boarded streetcars) from Massachusetts Avenue.<ref name=rollsign1983 /><ref name=mta>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp The MTA replaced Arborway-based trolleybus lines with diesel buses, then transferred the trolleybuses to replace the Harvard-based streetcars. Some off-peak and Sunday service was replaced in 1956, followed by Cushing Square short turn service in 1957.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp On September 5, 1958, the Watertown (Template:MBTABus) and Waverley (Template:MBTABus) lines and the North Cambridge short turns (now route Template:MBTABus) were replaced with trolleybuses, ending streetcar service through the tunnel.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp
The four trolleybus routes (sometimes considered three, as most trips on the 71 and 73 were through-routed with North Cambridge trips) continued to use the tunnel.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp As of 2006, it was one of only two urban trolleybus subways (tunnels with stations) in the world, following the end of trolleybus service in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in 2005; the other was the South Boston Transitway.<ref name=tm2006>Template:Cite magazine</ref> (The Template:Convert College Hill Tunnel, in Providence, Rhode Island, was used by trackless trolleys from 1948 to 1953, but had no stations.<ref name="TrolleyCoachNA">Template:Cite book</ref> The use of the Essen premetro subway in Germany by trolleybuses ended in 1995,<ref name=tm230>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and the Kanden Tunnel and Tateyama Tunnel in Japan were non-urban trolleybus tunnels.)
On March 30, 1963, the MTA replaced all remaining trolleybus routes except for the Harvard-based routes with diesel buses.<ref name=march28>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The Harvard tunnel was closed on Sundays, with trolleybuses replaced by diesel buses operating on the surface.<ref name=tm2006 /> Original plans had called for the trolleybuses to be replaced by diesel buses at all times, but this was delayed while the MTA investigated methods to ventilate the tunnel.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref name=march28 /><ref name=jan3 /> Diesel buses equipped with early catalytic mufflers were tested from 1962 to 1964, with the hope of eliminating most surface bus traffic from Harvard Square.<ref name=jan3>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> In January 1965, catalytic-muffler-equipped diesel buses on route 77 began using the tunnel, followed by route 96 in March 1966.<ref name=netransit /><ref name=clarke1970 /> However, the trolleybus lines were not replaced with diesel buses until 2022.<ref name=netransit /> In August 2024, northbound route Template:MBTABus buses began using the tunnel.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>
Maintenance facilitiesEdit
The BERy constructed a pair of rail yards on a site to the southwest of Harvard Square, bordered by Eliot Street, Bennett Street, University Road, Charles River Road, and Boylston Street. Much of the site was occupied by BERy and West End Street Railway streetcar barns; the area had been used for horsecar facilities since at least 1871.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp The rest of the site, which had once been marshland, was occupied by private buildings.<ref name=dec1964 /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp The west half of the site was occupied by Bennett Street Yard, a storage and maintenance facility for streetcars. It included a 16-track, Template:Convert carhouse that could hold 92 streetcars, plus an open-air storage yard.<ref name=erj0323 /> Bennett opened on March 30, 1911, replacing nearby Boylston Street and Murray Street carhouses.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp
The eastern half of the site housed the Eliot Square Shops, used for storage and maintenance of the Cambridge Subway rolling stock. It had a three-track machine shop and five covered maintenance tracks, plus open-air storage tracks.<ref name=engnews>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The whole facility covered Template:Convert, including the Template:Convert shop building and the Template:Convert-wide yard.<ref name=engnews /><ref name=erj0323>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Footings were built between the yard tracks to allow for future air rights development.<ref name=engnews /> On the west side of the shop building, a single track ran up a ramp to Bennett Yard.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp Nicknamed "Bancroft Hall" (after BERy president William Bancroft) by employees, the shop building was used to assemble the forty new subway cars.<ref name=erj0323 /><ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp Eliot Square Shops cost $1.00 million (equivalent to $Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation/year) out of the total $11.75 million cost of the Cambridge Subway.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:RpTemplate:Inflation/fn
On the east side of the yard, the BERy constructed a Template:Convert concrete platform for special service to events such as the Harvard football games at Harvard Stadium. Known as Stadium station, it had a main ramp entrance/exit at the south end, plus eight smaller stair entrance/exits along the east wall.<ref name=recent /> It was not open for regular use and did not have turnstiles; instead, employees collected all fares. Fully staffing the station took 49 employees, including 24 ticket sellers and 12 ticket choppers. Stadium station could handle 26,000 passengers in 45 minutes after a game, with trains running every 1Template:Frac minutes.<ref name=recent>Template:Cite journal</ref> The architecture of the station was designed by Robert S. Peabody.<ref name=recent /> It first opened for a home game versus Brown on October 26, 1912; the last known use was on November 18, 1967, for the final home game of the 1967 Harvard football season.<ref name=netransit>Template:NETransit</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref>
BERy also constructed a brick division headquarters building, later known as the Conductor's Building, in Bennett Alley between the yard and the streetcar tunnel.<ref name=recent /> It was used by the BERy and its successors until around 2000; in 2014–2016, the building was renovated for use as a restaurant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It is the last remaining aboveground building from the 1912 construction of the Cambridge tunnel.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Harvard Square power station, which was built for streetcars in 1897, was located adjacent to Eliot Shops across Boylston Street.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> It had a substantial coal trestle for freight streetcars to deliver coal.<ref name=bostoninmotion>Template:Cite book</ref> A steam tunnel ran west from the power station under Eliot and Bennett yards, supplying steam power to both.<ref name=erj0323 /> After Widener Library was built in 1912, Harvard University built a steam tunnel to Harvard Yard and used excess steam to heat the new library and other buildings.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The power station was largely unused by the time it was sold to the university in 1929.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Harvard demolished the structure in 1930 in favor of purchasing steam from a Cambridge Electric Light Company plant.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Eliot House opened on the site in 1931.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
In April 1924, the BERy converted the East Boston Tunnel (later the Blue Line) from streetcars to high-platform metro rolling stock.<ref name=cudahy>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp A small maintenance facility was built underground near Maverick station, but more extensive work was performed at Eliot Shops.<ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp Cars were brought to the surface at a portal west of Bowdoin station, towed on surface tracks on Cambridge Street and the Longfellow Bridge, and transferred onto the Cambridge–Dorchester line tracks at a gate near the west end of the bridge.<ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp This was done until April 25, 1952, when the new maintenance facility at Orient Heights eliminated the need for the transfer.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp Beginning in 1956, Ashmont–Mattapan High-Speed Line streetcars were towed to Eliot Shops behind Cambridge–Dorchester line trains after the abandonment of surface lines severed the connection to Arborway Yard.<ref name=cudahy />Template:Rp<ref name=mta />Template:Rp This continued until a maintenance facility was built at Mattapan in 1971.<ref name=cudahy />Template:Rp
The BERy purchased a private garage adjacent to Bennett Yard in October 1931; it was reopened on July 28, 1932, as a garage for BERY maintenance trucks.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Pavement was laid around several tracks in Bennett Yard in 1936 and 1938 for use by trolleybuses. Several yard tracks were removed in 1942 and 1949, the latter to accommodate trolleybuses for the conversion of the Harvard–Massachusetts line.<ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Until it was reassigned to Reservoir Carhouse in 1940, the Lake Street line had been based out of Bennett Street, requiring a long deadhead move along Cambridge Street to Lechmere.<ref name=linesofthehub />Template:Rp After the last Bennett-based streetcar lines were replaced with trolleybuses in 1958, the facility was used solely by trolleybuses and diesel buses.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp All trolleybus maintenance was performed at Bennett, though some were also stored at North Cambridge Carhouse.<ref name=mta />Template:Rp In October 1958, the MTA sold the east part of Bennett Yard to the city of Cambridge, which used the paved area as public parking.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp
Around 1963, John F. Kennedy originally proposed to build his presidential library near Harvard, on the south side of the Charles River.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> In June 1964, then-city councilman Alfred Vellucci proposed to instead locate the library on the site of the Bennett and Eliot railyards, on the northern side of the river.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The MTA had begun offering this site for sale the previous year, with Harvard University and several real estate developers developing bids, as the agency planned for a replacement maintenance facility either near South Station or as part of the planned northwestern Red Line extension.<ref name=dec1964>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> Shortly after being selected as architect in December 1964, I.M. Pei indicated an interest in the yard site,<ref name=dec1964/> and it was chosen over a smaller southern site in mid-1965.<ref name=dec1970/> In January 1966, governor John A. Volpe signed a bill allowing the state to purchase the yards from the now-renamed MBTA, and in turn to give the site to the federal government for the library.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, delays with the Red Line extension project caused corresponding delays with the purchase.<ref name=dec1970>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref>
The MBTA ultimately purchased land near South Station for its new Red Line maintenance facility in December 1969.<ref name=dec1970 /><ref name=chronicle />Template:Rp Cabot Yard opened in June 1974, freeing the Eliot Shops site for development.<ref name=chronicle/>Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> However, community opinion had by then turned against placing the library in Harvard Square because of concerns about traffic and crowding; in November 1975, the Kennedy Library Corporation voted to instead place the library at Columbia Point near UMass Boston.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> Eliot Shops closed in 1976, with demolition beginning on December 22.<ref name=redlinebook />Template:Rp<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Bennett Yard closed on March 22, 1980, replaced by new maintenance facilities at North Cambridge and Watertown Yard.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
In October 1978, the first building of a new John F. Kennedy School of Government complex opened on the southern half of the site.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The new buildings were constructed on fill atop the concrete base of the yard.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A single segment of wall reading BOSTON ELEVATED RAILWAY CO. 1911 remained in the courtyard of the Kennedy School until a 2015-17 expansion project.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The abandoned tunnel to Eliot Shops under Brattle Street is still extant and used for MBTA storage.<ref name=tour>Template:Blist</ref>
Former stationsEdit
There have been a total of five stations on the Red Line in and around Harvard Square. The original Harvard station was located just east of the current station, and some remains exist. The original station closed permanently on January 30, 1981.<ref name=nyc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The surviving eastern end of the original outbound side platform, built to accommodate passengers alighting at the former terminus, is still visible from passing trains.
The 1945 Coolidge Commission reportTemplate:Nbsp— the first major transit planning initiative in the region since 1926Template:Nbsp— recommended an extension from Harvard to Arlington Heights via East Watertown.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref name=transplan>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 1947 revision recommended an extension north to Porter Square instead, with branches along the Fitchburg Railroad to Waltham and the Lexington Branch to Lexington.<ref name=transplan /><ref>Template:Cite news (second section, third page) Template:Open access</ref> The 1966 Program for Mass Transportation by the 1964-created MBTA called for an immediate extension to Alewife Brook Parkway via Porter Square, with possible future extensions to Arlington or Waltham.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
During the construction of the current Harvard station, two temporary stations were built. "Harvard/Brattle", a temporary station built of pressure-treated wood, consisted of two island platforms between three tracks in Eliot Yard, just outside the portal. A $1.4 million construction contract was approved on December 7, 1977, with a groundbreaking ceremony on January 23, 1978.<ref name=chronicle>Template:Cite book</ref> The station was open from March 24, 1979, to September 1, 1983, and was the northern terminus of the Red Line during that period.<ref name=netransit /> The temporary station was completely demolished, and parts of the Kennedy School of Government now occupy the space.
"Harvard/Holyoke" station was located in the main Red Line tunnel east of the current station, at Massachusetts Avenue and Holyoke Street. Although it served inbound passengers only, the temporary station was fully built with tile walls and other durable details. It was open from January 31, 1981, to September 1, 1983.<ref name=netransit /> The abandoned side platform is still visible from inbound Red Line trains.
Current stationEdit
The Church Street secondary entrance to the new station opened on September 6, 1983.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The main lobby and the new Harvard Square headhouse opened on March 2, 1985.<ref name=NWart>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name=dedicates>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> (The reconstructed former headhouse had been returned to the square and occupied by Out of Town News in 1984.)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The artworks at Harvard and the three new stations were dedicated on May 3, 1985.<ref name=NWart />Template:Rp
The renovated busway opened on September 7, 1985, completing the $72 million construction project.<ref name=buswaycomplete>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The bus platforms had been moved to the south (occupying part of the former tunnel to Eliot Square Shops) and renovated during the six-year closure of the tunnel.<ref name=rollsign1983 /> The northern ramp of the tunnel was also rebuilt during the closure.<ref name=safari /> In addition to the route previously using the tunnel, bus routes Template:MBTABus, Template:MBTABus, and Template:MBTABus were rerouted into the tunnel.<ref name=netransit /> (Route Template:MBTABus, which remained on the surface, began using the tunnel northbound only in 2008.)<ref name=netransit /> A memorial plaque honoring John H. "Muggsie" Kelly, a construction foreman who was killed by a crane collapse during construction in May 1982, was dedicated in October 1985.<ref name="Crimson 1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref name="Crimson 2">Template:Cite news</ref> The One Brattle Square shopping complex, opened in 1992, was constructed partially on air rights over the south end of the bus tunnel.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Harvard Square was planned to be the terminus of a spur of the Urban Ring Project, a circumferential bus rapid transit line.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Under draft plans released in 2008, northbound buses would have crossed the Lars Anderson Bridge and entered the bus tunnel via Eliot Street, Bennett Street, and Bennett Alley. Southbound buses would have started at the Dawes Island bus stop, then proceeded on the surface on Eliot Street and JFK Street back to the bridge.<ref name=urplans>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The project was cancelled in 2010 due to high cost.<ref name=ctps2012 >{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The MBTA agreed to build a new elevator at the south end of the upper busway at Eliot Square, and to replace the Harvard Square elevator, as part of the 2006 settlement of Joanne Daniels-Finegold, et al. v. MBTA.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Construction of the Eliot Square elevator began in mid-2010.<ref name=eliot>Template:Cite news</ref> The $4.1 million project, which provided redundant elevator access to the station, was completed in January 2012.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The main elevator in Harvard Square was closed in 2018 for an 18-month replacement with a larger glass elevator. The new elevator, which has copper sheeting on the kiosk, opened on October 31, 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
A project to make repairs to the deteriorated pavement, replace the trolleybus wire, replace lighting, improve wayfinding, and add automatic doors to the main station area is taking place in 2019 and 2020.<ref name=repairs>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On June 23, 2019, the upper busway was temporarily closed; most buses used the lower busway for boarding and surface stops for alighting, while routes 71 and 73 ran on the surface only.<ref name=repairs /> The upper busway reopened and the lower busway closed on October 21.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The lower busway reopened on November 22, with the upper busway again closed until December 21.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=mar31>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additional closures of the lower busway took place from March 31 to May 2 and June 21 to December 21, 2020, as decreased ridership during the coronavirus pandemic allowed for faster construction.<ref name=mar31 /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The upper busway was again closed from June 20 to July 29, 2021, with the lower busway then closed until August 29.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Improvements to wayfinding signage and lighting in the station began in 2020 but were suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=SWAmay2020>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Trolleybus service ended on March 13, 2022, with routes 71 and 73 rerouted to board in the upper busway.<ref name=netransit /> Template:Clear left
Public artworkEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} As a part of the Red Line Northwest Extension, Harvard was included as one of the stations involved in the pioneering Arts on the Line program. Arts on the Line was devised to bring art into the MBTA's subway stations in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It was the first program of its kind in the United States and became the model for similar arrangements to fund public art across the country.<ref name="Extension">Red Line Northwest Extension Pamphlet page 5. The Davis Square Tiles Project. Accessed May 31, 2010</ref>
Four of the original twenty artworks were located at Harvard station.<ref name="Harvard">Arts on the Line:Harvard Square MBTA Station Template:Webarchive. Cambridge Arts Council. 2002. Accessed May 30, 2010</ref> The first two are located within the station interior, while the remaining two were located outdoors:
- Blue Sky on the Red Line by György KepesTemplate:Nbsp— A large stained-glass wall composed of mostly cobalt blue glass, with the exception of a red band that runs the length of the work. It is mounted on the wall of the upper Harvard bus tunnel so that it is visible from the central atrium space of the station. The work was no longer lit by 1995 because the original light fixtures had expired.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It required $40,000 of repairs in 1998.<ref>Template:Cite news Template:Open access</ref> The backlighting for the artwork, which had not been functional for years, was restored in December 2019.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- New England Decorative Art by Joyce KozloffTemplate:Nbsp— An Template:Convert long mosaic split up into 8 sections, each resembling a quilt.
- Gateway to Knowledge by Anne NortonTemplate:Nbsp— A Template:Convert high brick structure divided vertically down the center by a gap, but still attached at the top. One half is slightly forward of the other (located in Brattle Square).
- Omphalos by Dimitri HadziTemplate:Nbsp— A freestanding grouping of pillars made up of various shapes that intersect at odd angles using many different types and polishes of granite. Previously located just north of the news stand which is also north of the main station entrance, the sculpture was removed in 2013 due to deterioration, with plans to refurbish and relocate it elsewhere.
GalleryEdit
- Information booth in Harvard Square, October 2005.jpg
A Cambridge Visitor's Information Center was installed next to the main entrance to the station
- Harvard Station Dedication Plaque Oct 2024.jpg
1985 dedication plaque for the new station, which had opened in 1983
- Harvard Station platforms from Atrium Lobby.jpg
View looking northward from station atrium lobby, with outbound platform above inbound platform
- Upper level of Harvard Bus Tunnel, December 2010.jpg
Passengers waiting in Harvard bus tunnel, upper level. Central atrium is visible though windows at rear.
- South entrance to the Harvard Bus Tunnel, May 2014.jpg
Western portal of the Harvard bus tunnel connects to Mount Auburn Street (behind camera viewpoint)
- Harvard Station Bus Tunnel Eastern Portal.jpg
Eastern portal of the Harvard bus tunnel connects to Massachusetts Avenue (also behind camera viewpoint).
- Harvard headhouse 1912.jpg
Original station headhouse of 1912
- MBTA Harvard Square Station in 1967.jpg
Roof of station headhouse in 1967; this structure is now a newsstand near its original location.
- Harvard Square T station 1976.jpg
Station headhouse as seen in 1976; by this point the "T" signage was in use.
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:External media Template:Commons category-inline
- MBTA – Harvard
- Google Maps Street View: Harvard Square headhouse, Church Street headhouses, Eliot Square headhouse