Himnusz

The "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}"Template:Efn ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is the national anthem of Hungary.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The lyrics were written by Ferenc Kölcsey, a nationally renowned poet, in 1823, and its currently official musical setting was composed by the romantic composer Ferenc Erkel in 1844, although other lesser known musical versions exist. The poem bore the subtitle {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} ('From Stormy Centuries of the Hungarian Folk'); it is often argued that this subtitle – by emphasising past rather than contemporary national troubles – was added expressly to enable the poem to pass Habsburg censorship. The full meaning of the poem's text is evident only to those well acquainted with Hungarian history. The first stanza is sung at official ceremonies and as well in common. It was de facto used as hymn of the Kingdom of Hungary from its composition in 1844, and was officially adopted as national anthem of the Third Hungarian Republic in 1989.

The lyrics of the "Himnusz" are a prayer beginning with the words God bless the Hungarians ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}).

Name

The title in the original manuscript is "Hymnus", a Latin word for Template:Gloss. The Hungarian word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} is itself derived from the Latin word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, which is in turn borrowed from Ancient Greek {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Translit, meaning Template:Gloss (generally in praise of gods or heroes); and in many languages of Europe, the word is used as a loanword to mean both Template:Gloss and Template:Gloss. The word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} replaced the original Latin word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} over time, and as the poem gained widespread acceptance as the de facto national anthem of Hungary, so too did the word {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} took on the meaning of Template:Gloss.

History

Although Ferenc Kölcsey completed the poem on 22 January 1823, it was only published first in 1829 in Károly Kisfaludy's Aurora, without the subtitle, despite it being part of the manuscript. It subsequently appeared in a collection of Kölcsey's works in 1832, this time with the subtitle.<ref name="hirado">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A competition for composers to make the poem suitable to be sung by the public was staged in 1844 and won by Ferenc Erkel's entry. His version was first performed in the National Theatre (where he was conductor) in July 1844, then in front of a larger audience on 10 August 1844, at the inaugural voyage of the steamship Széchenyi. By the end of the 1850s it became customary to sing "Himnusz" at special occasions either alongside Vörösmarty's "Szózat" or on its own.<ref name="hirado"/>

In the early 1900s, various members of the Hungarian Parliament proposed making the status of Himnusz as the national anthem of Hungary within Austria-Hungary official, but their efforts never got enough traction for such a law to be passed.<ref name="ogyk">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Later, in the 1950s, communist dictator Mátyás Rákosi made plans to have the anthem replaced by one more suited to the Communist ideology, but the persons he had in mind for the task, poet Gyula Illyés and composer Zoltán Kodály, both refused.<ref name="natgeo">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It wasn't until 1989 that Erkel's musical adaptation of Himnusz finally gained official recognition as Hungary's national anthem, by being mentioned as such in the Constitution of Hungary.<ref name="hirado"/><ref name="ogyk"/>

Official uses

The public radio station Kossuth Rádió plays Himnusz at ten minutes past midnight each day at the close of transmissions in the AM band, as do the state TV channels at the end of the day's broadcasts. Himnusz is also traditionally played on Hungarian television at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Eve.

Alternative anthems

"Szózat", another Hungarian patriotic song, enjoys a social status nearly equal to that of "Himnusz", even though only "Himnusz" is mentioned in the Constitution of Hungary. "Szózat" is often considered to be a de facto second national anthem of Hungary. Traditionally, "Himnusz" is sung at the beginning of ceremonies, and Szózat at the end (although the Himnusz, resembling a Protestant Chorale, is substantially easier to sing than the difficult rhythm of the Szózat, which is often only played from recording).

Recognition is also given to the "Rákóczi March", a short wordless piece (composer unknown, but sometimes attributed to János Bihari and Franz Liszt) which is often used on state military occasions; and the poem Nemzeti dal written by Sándor Petőfi.

Another popular song is the "Székely Himnusz", an unofficial ethnic anthem of the Hungarian-speaking Székelys living in eastern Transylvania—the Székely Land (now part of Romania) and in the rest of the world.

Lyrics

The first verse is officially sung at ceremonies. The last two lines of every stanza is rarely repeated twice.

The two English versions are free translations of the Hungarian words. As Hungarian is a genderless language, masculine pronouns in the English translations are in fact addressed to all Hungarians regardless of gender.

Hungarian original Template:Small	IPA transcriptionTemplate:Efn	English translation Template:Small<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Metrical English translation Template:Small
lang}}</poem>	main}}</poem>	<poem>O God, bless the nation of Hungary With your grace and bounty Extend over it your guarding arm During strife with its enemies Long torn by ill fate Bring upon it a time of relief This nation has suffered for all sins Of the past and of the future! You brought our ancestors up Over the Carpathians' holy peaks By You was won a beautiful homeland For Bendeguz's sons And wherever flow the rivers of The Tisza and the Danube Árpád our hero's descendants Will root and bloom. For us on the plains of the Kuns You ripened the wheat In the grape fields of Tokaj You dripped sweet nectar Our flag you often planted On the wild Turk's earthworks And under Mátyás' grave army whimpered Vienna's "proud fort." Ah, but for our sins Anger gathered in Your bosom And You struck with Your lightning From Your thundering clouds Now the plundering Mongols' arrows You swarmed over us Then the Turks' slave yoke We took upon our shoulders. How often came from the mouths Of Osman's barbarian nation Over the corpses of our defeated army A victory song! How often did your own son aggress My homeland, upon your breast, And you became because of your own sons Your own sons' funeral urn! The fugitive hid, and towards him The sword reached into his cave Looking everywhere he could not find His home in his homeland Climbs the mountain, descends the valley Sadness and despair his companions Sea of blood beneath his feet Ocean of flame above. Castle stood, now a heap of stones Happiness and joy fluttered, Groans of death, weeping Now sound in their place. And Ah! Freedom does not bloom From the blood of the dead, Torturous slavery's tears fall From the burning eyes of the orphans! Pity, O Lord, the Hungarians Who are tossed by waves of danger Extend over it your guarding arm On the sea of its misery Long torn by ill fate Bring upon it a time of relief They who have suffered for all sins Of the past and of the future!</poem>	<poem>O, my God, the Magyar bless With Thy plenty and good cheer! With Thine aid his just cause press, Where his foes to fight appear. Fate, who for so long did'st frown, Bring him happy times and ways; Atoning sorrow hath weighed down Sins of past and future days. By Thy help our fathers gained Kárpát's proud and sacred height; Here by Thee a home obtained Heirs of Bendegúz, the knight. Where'er Danube's waters flow And the streams of Tisza swell Árpád's children, Thou dost know, Flourished and did prosper well. For us let the golden grain Grow upon the fields of Kún, And let nectar's silver rain Ripen grapes of Tokay soon. Thou our flags hast planted o'er Forts where once wild Turks held sway; Proud Vienna suffered sore From King Mátyás' dark array. But, alas! for our misdeed, Anger rose within Thy breast, And Thy lightnings Thou did'st speed From Thy thundering sky with zest. Now the Mongol arrow flew Over our devoted heads; Or the Turkish yoke we knew, Which a free-born nation dreads. O, how often has the voice Sounded of wild Osman's hordes, When in songs they did rejoice O'er our heroes' captured swords! Yea, how often rose Thy sons, My fair land, upon Thy sod, And Thou gavest to these sons, Tombs within the breast they trod! Though in caves pursued he lie, Even then he fears attacks. Coming forth the land to spy, Even a home he finds he lacks. Mountain, vale – go where he would, Grief and sorrow all the same – Underneath a sea of blood, While above a sea of flame. 'Neath the fort, a ruin now, Joy and pleasure erst were found, Only groans and sighs, I trow, In its limits now abound. But no freedom's flowers return From the spilt blood of the dead, And the tears of slavery burn, Which the eyes of orphans shed. Pity, God, the Magyar, then, Long by waves of danger tossed; Help him by Thy strong hand when He on grief's sea may be lost. Fate, who for so long did'st frown, Bring him happy times and ways; Atoning sorrow hath weighed down All the sins of all his days.</poem>

Himnusz sculpture

On 7 May 2006, a sculpture was inaugurated for Himnusz at Szarvas Square, Budakeszi, a small town close to Budapest. It was created by Mária V. Majzik, an artist with the Hungarian Heritage Award, depicting the full text of the poem in a circle, centered around a two metres high bronze figure of God, with 21 bronze bells in seven arches between eight pieces of stone, each four and a half metres high. The musical form of the poem can be played on the bells. The cost of its construction, 40 million forints (roughly 200,000 USD), was collected through public subscription.

External links

• Hungary: Himnusz - Audio of the national anthem of Hungary, with information and lyrics (archive link)
• National and historical symbols of Hungary Template:Webarchive has a page about the anthem, featuring a vocal sound file.
• Sheet Music is available at the Hungarian Electronic Library website.
• Hungarian Anthem on Music Keyboard 2.4