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How High the Moon

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"How High the Moon" is a jazz standard with lyrics by Nancy Hamilton and music by Morgan Lewis. It was first featured in the 1940 Broadway revue Two for the Show, where it was sung by Alfred Drake and Frances Comstock.<ref name=SecondHand>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In Two for the Show, this was a rare serious moment in an otherwise humorous revue.

RecordingsEdit

File:How High The Moon Les Paul Mary Ford 78 1951.jpg
1951 Capitol Records 78 single by Les Paul and Mary Ford, 1951.
File:How High The Moon Les Paul Mary Ford Chappell 1951.jpg
1951 sheet music for the Les Paul and Mary Ford recording, Chappell, New York.

The earliest recorded hit version was by Benny Goodman & His Orchestra, featuring vocalist Helen Forrest. It was recorded on February 7, 1940, and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 35391, with the flip side "Fable of the Rose".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Les Paul Trio recorded a version released as V-Disc 540B with a spoken introduction which was issued in November 1945 by the U.S. War Department. In 1948, bandleader Stan Kenton enjoyed some success with his version of the tune. The recording, with a vocal by June Christy, was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 911 (with the flip side "Willow, Weep for Me")<ref name=Cap500>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 15117 (with the flip side "Interlude").<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It reached the Billboard magazine Best Seller chart on July 9, 1948, its only week on the chart, at #27.<ref name=Whitburn> Template:Cite book </ref>

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A recording of the song by Les Paul and Mary Ford was made on January 4, 1951.<ref name="SoundOnSound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This version featured Paul on all guitars (lead, rhythm, muted strings for guitar percussion, and a bass line played on guitar).<ref name="SoundOnSound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ford's lead vocals took three takes to record; since Paul and Ford recorded (at least Ford's vocals) at night, she placed a blanket over her head so most of the sound would be directed towards the single RCA Type 44-BX ribbon microphone and would not travel through the building and wake up neighbors.<ref name="SoundOnSound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Regardless, while recording one of Ford's harmony vocal parts, their neighbors complained about the noise.<ref name="SoundOnSound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to Paul, the final recording featured 12 guitar parts and 12 vocal parts.<ref name="SoundOnSound">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The record was released on March 26 by Capitol Records as catalog number 1451, with the flip side "Walkin' and Whistlin' Blues",<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and spent 25 weeks (beginning on March 23, 1951) on the Billboard chart,<ref name=Whitburn/> 9 weeks at #1. It was subsequently re-released by Capitol as catalog number 1675, with "Josephine" on the B-side.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This version crossed over to the Most-Played Juke Box Rhythm & Blues Records chart, where it peaked at #2.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> This recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1979 and is on the list of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum of the Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2023, this version was included on the soundtrack of the film Asteroid City by Wes Anderson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The song was sung in various recordings by Ella Fitzgerald, becoming (with the Gershwins' "Oh, Lady Be Good!") Ella's signature tune. She first performed the song at Carnegie Hall on September 29, 1947.<ref name=SecondHand/> Her first recording, backed by the Daydreamers, was recorded December 20, 1947, and released by Decca Records as catalog number 24387, with the flip side "You Turned the Tables on Me".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her most celebrated recording of "How High the Moon" is on her 1960 album Ella in Berlin, and her version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least twenty-five years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The song has become a gypsy jazz standard and has been recorded by several musicians of the genre.

Other versionsEdit

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  • Ray Anthony - Jam Session at the Tower (2008).
  • Louis Armstrong and his orchestra (recorded in two parts November 30, 1947, released by Decca Records as catalog numbers 28103 & 28104, each with the flip side being a part of a two-part recording of "Body and Soul".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>)

  • Mitchel Ayres' orchestra (vocal: Mary Ann Mercer: recorded February 8, 1940, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 10609B, with the flip side "A House with a Little Red Barn".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • The Jack Benny Show - Mahlon Merrick arrangement, February 18, 1940.
  • Randy Brooks and his orchestra (recorded March 22, 1946, released by Decca Records as catalog number 29479, with the flip side "Thunder Rock".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Charles Brown Trio (recorded November 11, 1948, released by Aladdin Records as catalog number 3071, with the flip side "Texas Blues".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • The Dave Brubeck Octet recorded a lengthy track, with narration, where they play "How High The Moon" in various jazz styles.
  • The Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded a 9:11-length version at Oberlin College in March 1953 that is included on the album Jazz at Oberlin.
  • Dave Brubeck and Jon Hendricks recorded it as a short, slow ballad on Brubeck's 1995 CD Young Lions & Old Tigers.
  • Don Byas Quintet (recorded November 26, 1945, released by Savoy Records as catalog numbers 597A and 916A, both with the flip side "Ko Ko".<ref name=Sav500>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Nat King Cole (released by Capitol Records as catalog number 10191, with the flip side "Blues in My Shower".<ref name=Cap10000/>)
  • King Cole Trio (released by Capitol Records as catalog number 531, with the flip side "I'll Never Be the Same".<ref name=Cap500/>)
  • Bing Crosby, in a medley with "Old Devil Moon" as part of the album El Señor Bing (1960).
  • Chris Connor - I Walk With Music (2002).
  • Kaye Connor (released by Cosmo Records as catalog number 485, with the flip side "Derry Dum".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>)

  • Duke Ellington and his orchestra (recorded November 14, 1947, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38950, with the flip side "Cowboy Rhumba".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Ziggy Elman (recorded 1947, released by MGM Records as catalog number 10332, with the flip side "The Night Is Young and You're So Beautiful".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Erroll Garner Trio (recorded October 7, 1950, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39145, with the flip side "Poor Butterfly".<ref name=Col39000>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Natalie Gauci, winner of Australian Idol 2007, performed this song on the Top 4 Big Band show.
  • Marvin Gaye (on Tamla Records album The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye, catalog number TM 221, released June 1961.<ref name=SecondHand/>)
  • Gloria Gaynor (Disco version of the song, on 1975 MGM Records album Experience Gloria Gaynor, catalog number M3G 4997.<ref name=SecondHand/>) Along with the tracks, "Casanova Brown" and "(If You Want It) Do It Yourself", this version went to number one on the disco/dance chart.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Dizzy Gillespie (released by MGM Records as catalog number 30742, with another recording of the same song by Jimmy McPartland on the flip side.<ref name=MGM30500>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Benny Goodman Septet (released by Capitol Records as catalog number 20126, with the flip side "Benny's Boogie".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Lionel Hampton Quintet (recorded April 2, 1947, released by Decca Records as catalog number 24513, with the flip side "Ribs and Hot Sauce".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Eddie Heywood and his orchestra (recorded May 2, 1944, released by Signature Records as catalog number 40002A, with the flip side "Sarcastic Lady".<ref name=Signature>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Harry James' orchestra (recorded March 1940, released by Varsity Records as catalog number 8221.<ref name=Varsity8000>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> and by Montgomery Ward as catalog number 10004,<ref name=MontWard10000>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> both with the flip side "You've Got Me Out on a Limb".<ref name=Varsity8000/><ref name=MontWard10000/>)

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  • Bibbi Johnson and Thore Swanerud (recorded September 19, 1949, in Stockholm, Sweden; released by Savoy Records as catalog number 965, with the flip side "Tout Desire".<ref name=Sav500/>) (also listed as by the Thore Swanerud Sextet, issued by Discovery Records as catalog number 173, with the flip side "Tout D'Suite".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Gene Krupa and his orchestra (recorded May 27, 1946, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 38345, with the flip side "Tea for Two".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Abbey Lincoln, on the album The World Is Falling Down (Verve Records), 1991.
  • Russ Morgan and his orchestra (recorded February 20, 1940, released by Decca Records as catalog number 3030A, with the flip side "Rose of the World".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Anita O'Day (with Ralph Burns orchestra; released by Signature Records as catalog number 15185A, with the flip side "Key Largo".<ref name=Signature/>)
  • Oscar Peterson (released by Mercury Records as catalog number 8943, with the flip side "Nameless Blues".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Boyd Raeburn and his orchestra (recorded August 14, 1947, released by Atlantic Records as catalog number 860, with the flip side "Trouble Is a Man".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Django Reinhardt, with Stephane Grappelli (on 3-CD set, Retrospective 1934-53, released by Sunny Side on November 4, 2006)
  • David Rose and his orchestra (released by MGM Records as catalog numbers 30012B (with the flip side "Gay Spirits") and 30303 (with the flip side "Bewitched").<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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  • Paul Weston and his orchestra (released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39299<ref name=Col39000/> and 39647,<ref name=Col39500>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> both with the flip side "Over the Rainbow";<ref name=Col39000/><ref name=Col39500/> also issued on the album Dream Time Music, Columbia catalog number CL 528, released November 2, 1953.<ref name=SecondHand/>)

Songs based on "How High the Moon"Edit

Another jazz standard, "Ornithology" by Charlie Parker and Benny Harris, is based on the chords of "How High the Moon". It was common among jazz musicians (Ella Fitzgerald, Lionel Hampton and others) to seamlessly include "Ornithology" in the solo when performing "How High the Moon". Lennie Tristano wrote the contrafact "Lennie-bird" over the chord changes, and Miles Davis/Chuck Wayne's "Solar" is also based on part of the chord structure.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Coleman Hawkins' tune "Bean At Met" is also based on the changes of How High The Moon; this tune starts with simple riffs on the measures 1 to 8 and 17 to 24. The rest is filled up with solos.

John Coltrane's composition "Satellite" is also based on the chords of "How High the Moon", which Coltrane embellished with the three-tonic progression he also used on his composition "Giant Steps".

Jimmy Giuffre's composition "Bright Moon" is also based on the chords of "How High the Moon". Quincy Jones recorded it in 1957 on his second album, Go West, Man!

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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