Hsinchu Science Park

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The Hsinchu Science Park (HSP; Template:Zh) is an industrial park complex that originated as one campus straddled Hsinchu City, Hsinchu County, Chunan and Tongluo, later expanded to cover six campuses across Taiwan. It was established by the government of Taiwan on 15 December 1980. While the whole complex and the first campus share the same name, the name Hsinchu Science Park usually refers to the campus rather than the whole complex.

HistoryEdit

The idea of the establishment of the Hsinchu Science Park was first proposed by Shu Shien-Siu, the former President of National Tsing Hua University and Minister of Science and Technology.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After Shu became the Minister of Science and Technology in 1973, he traveled to the United States, Europe, and Japan to learn and study their conditions of the development of science and technology. In 1976, Shu came up with the idea of building a science and technology park like that of Silicon Valley.<ref name="auto"/> President Chiang Ching-kuo proposed to build the park in Longtan District because of the potential future benefits that could be drawn from National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology and the military. However, Shu argued that the technology and science park should not be close to the military as the primary goal of the founding of the park is to expand the size of private economy and creative vitality of Taiwan. Shu's idea was to build the park in Hsinchu next to the National Tsing Hua University and the (then) National Chiao Tung University like the Silicon Valley, which is adjacent to Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley. Shu's idea was ultimately approved by Chiang and the park was built and opened in 1980 in Hsinchu.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After the original idea of the establishment of the science park and the location of the park were settled, Chiang Ching-kuo assigned the task of constructing the Hsinchu Science Park. Irving Tze Ho ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) (1921–2003)<ref name="SB_1979"/><ref name="Tseng_1988"/><ref name="FS_2000"/><ref name="MN_2003"/> was tasked to set up the park in 1979 and serve as its first director. Li Kwoh-ting, former Finance Minister of the Republic of China, was among those who significantly contributed to the founding of the park, as ordered by Chiang.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Inspired by Silicon Valley, Li consulted Frederick Terman on how Taiwan could follow its example. From there, Li convinced talents who had gone abroad to build companies in this new Silicon Valley in Taiwan. Among those who returned is Morris Chang, who later led the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and founded TSMC. Li also introduced the concept of venture capital to the country to attract funds to finance high-tech startups in Taiwan.

TimelineEdit

Template:Date: Taiwanese Industrial Technology Research Institute ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) established the first 4-inch wafer demonstration factory in Taiwan.
Template:Date: Construction began on the Science and Industrial Park ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}) situated at eastern suburbs of Hsinchu city, and the park would focus on electronics contract manufacturing.
Template:Date: The construction of Science and Industrial Park has completed, alongside the creation of the administration ministry Science Park Bureau, National Science Council.
Template:Date: The first specialized wastewater treatment plant was activated by the park to address pollution from manufacturing.
Template:Date: Construction began on the Longtan Science and Industrial Park in Longtan Township, Taoyuan County.
Template:Date: The government reviewed the options and agreed on the expansion of the industrial parks, which would locate in Zhunan Township and Tongluo Township in Miaoli County, adjacent to the south of Hsinchu County. Later the two locations became their respective science parks.
Template:Date: Construction began on the Zhunan Science Park.
Template:Date: The government agreed on the establishment of Biomedical Science Park, which was officially established almost two years later, on Template:Date.
Template:Date: The Longtan Science and Industrial Park was officially incorporated into the Science and Industrial Park.
Template:Date: The government approved on the establishment of Yilan Science and Industrial Park.
Template:Date: Construction began on the Tongluo Science and Industrial Park.
Template:Date: The Science and Industrial Park was renamed to Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park.
Template:Date: The "industrial" in the name was dropped. The park complex was further renamed to Hsinchu Science Park.

OverviewEdit

The park houses more than 500 high-tech companies,<ref name="tenants" /> mainly involved in the semiconductor, computer, telecommunication, and optoelectronics industries, have been established in the park since the end of December 2003.<ref> Template:Cite news</ref> Its 400 technology companies accounted for 10% of Taiwan's gross domestic product in 2007. It is home to the world's top two semiconductor foundries, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), both of which were established at the nearby Industrial Technology Research Institute. Taiwan is the only country that possesses a professional division-of-labor system in the semiconductor industry and also has the highest density of 12-inch wafer-producing fabs, most of which are based in the park.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Next door to the science park are two of Taiwan's science and engineering powerhouses, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Tsing Hua University, and the National Space Organization, the Taiwanese space agency, are located in the park.

There were local residents' protests against water and air pollution. The Park's industrial wastewater treatment plant<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> began to operate in 1986 and effectively treats wastewater for maximum safety while Taiwan's National Environmental Protection Department monitors the air quality in the park and surrounding areas to maintain clean air quality.

LocationsEdit

Currently, the Hsinchu Science Park complex covers six campuses, with a total development area of 1,471 hectares: <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>