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Jai Hind

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Template:Short description Template:About {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Italic title Jai Hind (Template:Langx, {{#invoke:IPA|main}}) is a salutation and slogan that means "Hail India", "Long live India",<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> or literally "Victory [for] India" as originally coined by Chempakaraman Pillai.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Used during India's independence movement from British rule,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> it emerged as a battle cry and in political speeches.<ref name=bose2018 /> The phrase reached a new level of popularity when under Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose it was adopted as an official slogan of the Indian National Army.

EtymologyEdit

The word "jai" (जय jaya in Sanskrit) means "triumph, victory, cheers, bravo, rejoice".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The word jaya appears in Vedic literature such as in Atharvaveda 8.50.8 and in post-Vedic literature such as the Mahabharata.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> "Hind" (from Persian هند hind) was the common endonym for what is today the entire Indian subcontinent prior to independence. Indians were called "Hindī" as in Iqbal's iconic Indian patriotic song Saare Jahaan Se Accha.

HistoryEdit

In 1907, Chempakaraman Pillai coined the term "Jai Hind",<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which was adopted as a slogan of the Indian National Army in the 1940s at the suggestion of Subhas Chandra Bose and Abid Hasan.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan.<ref name="bose2018"/><ref name="Who coined 'Jai Hind'">Template:Cite news</ref>

According to Sumantra Bose the phrase is devoid of any religious tones. The term became popular as a slogan and greeting of the Indian National Army organized by Subhas Chandra Bose and his colleagues, particularly between 1943 and 1945.<ref name=bose2018/> After India's independence, it emerged as a national slogan, and has been a common form of greeting the Indian people by political leaders and prime ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru,<ref name="Zachariah2004">Template:Cite book</ref> Indira Gandhi,<ref name=ighandi1984/> Rajiv Gandhi, P. V. Narasimha Rao, and others.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Indira Gandhi in particular often ended her political speeches with a triple shout of "Jai Hind".<ref name=ighandi1984>Template:Cite book</ref> Since the mid-1990s, it came to be used as a greeting among Indian Army personnel.<ref name=bose2018>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh chanting 'Jai Hind' from the ramparts of Red Fort on the occasion of 64th Independence Day, in Delhi on August 15, 2010.jpg

    Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh chanting "Jai Hind" from the ramparts of Red Fort, Delhi

  • JAI HIND.jpg

    The book "Jai Hind" by Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare.

  • 1947 India Flag 3½ annas.jpg

    Independent India's first postage stamp.

  • Jai Hind Post-mark.gif

    Indian commemorative Jai Hind postmark.

In popular cultureEdit

A follower of Subhas Chandra Bose, Ramchandra Moreshwar Karkare, of Gwalher (Gwalior) Madhya Bharat, wrote the patriotic drama Jai Hind in March 1947, and published a book in Hindi with the same title. Later, Karkare became Congress president of Central India Province.Template:Citation needed

The Jai Hind postmark was the first commemorative postmark of Independent India. The first stamps of an independent India were issued on November 21, 1947, with Jai Hind inscribed on them, in 1.5 anna, 3.5 anna and 12 anna denominations. Along with Jai Hind, these bore images of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, the national flag, and an aircraft respectively.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> "जय हिन्द" is also stated on the first, Independence series of Indian stamps.

The phrase is used on All India Radio at the end of a broadcast.Template:Citation needed It occurs in the patriotic song "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" sung by Lata Mangeshkar in 1963.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The phrase also appeared in early slogans of state-owned Air India, with a 1965 Lok Sabha debate mentioning it as part of the tagline "One Nation, One Leader, One India, Jai Hind".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Mahatma Gandhi sent a piece of crocheted, cotton lace made from yarn he spun by himself, with the central motif of Jai Hind, to Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, as a gift on the occasion of their wedding in 1947.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the Hindi-language film Pathaan (2023), Shah Rukh Khan uses the phrase Jai Hind at the end of his fight with the villain played by John Abraham.

Other usesEdit

The phrase has also given its name to 

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Template:Subhas Chandra Bose Template:Authority control

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