James Cross

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James Richard Cross Template:Postnominals (29 September 1921 – 6 January 2021) was an Irish-born British diplomat who served in India, Malaysia and Canada. While posted in Canada, Cross was kidnapped by members of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) during the October Crisis of October 1970.<ref name="HISTOR!CA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was ultimately released almost two months later, and subsequently returned to the United Kingdom.

Early life and career

Cross was born in Nenagh in County Tipperary, Ireland, on 29 September 1921.<ref name=NYT>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=North>Template:Cite magazine</ref> His mother died during her labour with him. His older sibling had intellectual disabilities and was consequently institutionalised.<ref name="WP obit">Template:Cite news</ref> Cross was raised on the family farm,<ref name="WP obit"/> which was a hundred acres in size,<ref name=North/> before moving in with relatives.<ref name="WP obit"/> He was nicknamed "Jasper" by his family and friends.<ref name="CBC obit"/> Cross studied economics and political science at Trinity College Dublin,<ref name=North/> where he graduated with a first class honours degree in 1944. It was there that he also met his wife, Barbara Dagg, who studied modern languages.<ref name=NYT/>

During World War II, Cross served with the British Army and fought for the liberation of France. He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers Movement Control Section in 1944.<ref name="HISTOR!CA" /> After the war, Cross joined the diplomatic service and was assigned first to New Delhi in 1953.<ref name=NYT/> His first stint in Canada commenced in 1957, when he served in Halifax and Winnipeg for five years. He was consequently assigned to Kuala Lumpur for four years (in then Malaya and after 1963 Malaysia), before going back to London in 1966 to direct the Board of Trade branch in charge of exhibitions and fairs overseas. He returned to Canada in February 1968 as the senior Trade Commissioner in Montreal.<ref name=NYT/>

Kidnapping

On 5 October 1970, Cross was abducted at gunpoint from his British diplomatic residence at 1297 Redpath Crescent, in the Golden Square Mile district of Montreal, and held as a hostage for two months as the FLQ made a series of demands to the Quebec government.<ref name="kidnapping">Template:Cite news</ref> During captivity, due to stress and a shortage of food, Cross lost 10 kg (22 lb).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was released on 3 December after 60 days in captivity. In exchange for his release, his abductors would get safe passage to Cuba. The talks were held at the Canada Pavilion, located on Notre Dame Island, the site of Expo 67. This site was declared Cuban territory for the period of the talks.<ref name=kidnapping/>

Six members of the FLQ's "Liberation Cell" were later convicted of Cross's kidnapping when they returned to Canada during the late 1970s. They received custodial sentences ranging from 12 to 24 months.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>

Cross said of his kidnapping:

They [the kidnappers] told me about 10:00 o'clock on Wednesday evening that they had, the police knew where I was. Nothing much happened for about the next four hours. Then the power was cut at I think around 2:00 in the morning. I was in bed at the time; they got me up. They handcuffed me, they took me into a corridor in the middle of the house. They handcuffed me to a doorknob and I spent the night. It's a very uncomfortable position.<ref name=kidnapping/>{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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On the 40th anniversary of the day that sparked the October Crisis in 2010, Cross agreed to speak to CBC Radio's The Current about the events surrounding his kidnapping.<ref>Audio: CBC interviews FLQ kidnapping victim. CBC News, 5 October 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2016.</ref> There is also a transcript of a taped memoir online, uploaded by Churchill College.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Later life

Cross returned to the United Kingdom after his release and continued working for the civil service. However, he was no longer assigned overseas postings. Although he received a number of offers to sell his story, he did not since he was prohibited by the government from doing so.<ref name="CBC obit"/> Cross went on to serve as Under-Secretary in various divisions of Britain's Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Energy.<ref name="Le Devoir">Template:Cite news</ref> He was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in January 1971.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Cross retired to Seaford, East Sussex.<ref name="CBC obit"/> He died at his home there on 6 January 2021.<ref name="WP obit"/> He was 99, and suffered from complications of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in England in the time leading up to his death.<ref name="CBC obit">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Both his wife and their only child (Susan) predeceased him in 2018 and 2015, respectively.<ref name="WP obit"/>

In fiction

Cross is depicted as a character in the novel The Revolution Script by Brian Moore, together with Pierre Laporte. Their names are changed by Moore out of respect for their families.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He is also featured in My October by Claire Holden Rothman, and as a character in the 2006 Canadian television series October 1970, played by R.H. Thomson.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

See also

• List of kidnappings
• List of people who disappeared

External links

• Interview with James Richard Jasper Cross Template:Webarchive & transcript Template:Webarchive, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge, 1996