Julius Chan

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Sir Julius Chan (29 August 1939 – 30 January 2025) was a Papua New Guinean politician who served as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982 and from 1994 to 1997. He was Member of Parliament for New Ireland Province, having won the seat in the 2007 national election. He was also the Governor of New Ireland Province from 2007 until his death in 2025. On 26 May 2019, Prime Minister Peter O'Neill announced he would soon resign and that he wished for Sir Julius to succeed him. An outgoing Prime Minister does not, however, have the power to appoint his successor, and the following day O'Neill delayed his own formal resignation.<ref>"PM O'Neill will not resign until Court interprets the rules on VoNC", Papua New Guinea Today, 27 May 2019</ref> He was also a leading figure in his country during the years-long Bougainville conflict.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Chan was born as the fifth child out of seven children on the Tanga Islands in the Territory of New Guinea, in what is now New Ireland Province, the son of Chan Pak (陳柏), a trader from Taishan, China, and Miriam Tinkoris, a native New Irelander.<ref name=mystery>"Life's a mystery – Sir J speaks about his 80 years", The National (Papua New Guinea), 6 September 2019.</ref> In addition to English, he spoke Cantonese, Tok Pisin, and Sursurunga.<ref name=mystery/> He was educated at Marist College Ashgrove in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early political careerEdit

Chan first became actively involved in politics in the 1960s. He was elected to represent the Namatanai district of New Ireland province in the pre-independence House of Assembly in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987 and 1992. He was Deputy Prime Minister four times (1976, 1985, 1986, 1992–1994), and Minister of Finance three times (1972–1977, 1985–1986 and 1992–1994).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He also held the portfolios of Primary Industry (1977–78) and External Affairs and Trade (1994). Chan became leader of the People's Progress Party in 1970. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1981, and appointed a Privy Counsellor the next year.<ref name="Parliament">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Prime ministerEdit

Chan first became prime minister on 11 March 1980, succeeding the country's first prime minister, Michael Somare, after he launched a no-confidence motion against him over a disagreement on whether to increase the salaries of MPs and require them to divest from their business interests.<ref name="2parts"/> He served as prime minister until 2 August 1982, when Somare regained the position. During his first tenure, which was marred by fiscal problems, he oversaw an austerity program, infrastructure projects and the devaluation of the kina. In 1980, he also ordered the deployment of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force to support the government of Vanuatu against rebels during the Coconut War, in what was the first overseas operation by the PNGDF.<ref name="rnz">Template:Cite news</ref>

He succeeded Prime Minister Paias Wingti in August 1994 and took office on the dual platform of national security and appropriate economic management. In 1997, the Chan government's multimillion-dollar contract with Sandline International, a mercenary organization, to counter separatist guerrilla warfare on Bougainville caused the Sandline affair,<ref name="rnz"/> with immense public protests and a 10-day mutiny by the underpaid national army, which became known as Rausim Kwik.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was also criticised for his decision to float the kina in 1994, citing a balance of payments crisis.<ref name="2parts"/>

During his term as prime minister, Chan was also implicated in the 1994 Cairns Conservatory purchase in which he approved the purchase of the said building for A$18.7 million, despite it having been purchased two weeks earlier by the sellers for A$9.8 million. An Ombudsman Commission investigation subsequently found that he had an undeclared conflict of interest.<ref name="2parts"/>

On 25 March 1997, during an inquiry that started on 21 March that caused five ministers to resign, the Parliament defeated a motion calling on Chan to resign (59–38). However, the next day, Chan and two ministers chose to step down, and John Giheno, a member of Chan's party, became acting prime minister a day later. He regained the position on 2 June 1997, shortly before the national elections. Chan was defeated in the national election in June 1997 and was succeeded as prime minister by Bill Skate on 22 July 1997. Chan was later acquitted on corruption charges relating to the Sandline affair.<ref name="rnz"/> He remained out of Parliament until winning the New Ireland Provincial seat in the June–July 2007 election.<ref name="rnz" />

Later careerEdit

File:Sir Julius Chan (cropped).jpg

Chan in 2021

In 2002, Chan ran for a seat in the New Ireland provincial assembly but lost to Ian Ling-Stuckey.<ref name="2parts">Template:Cite news</ref> During the "horse trading" phase of negotiations following the 2007 general election, Chan was nominated for the position of prime minister, with the backing of Mekere Morauta and Bart Philemon, as an alternative to the large National Alliance grouping which appeared likely to again be led by Somare.<ref name="RNZI_34126">Template:Cite news</ref> Parliamentary Speaker Jeffrey Nape rejected Chan's nomination as a candidate and Somare won the vote to become Prime Minister without opposition on 13 August, while 21 members of Parliament joined Chan's opposition group.<ref>"Michael Somare wins second term Papua New Guinea's prime minister", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 13 August 2007.</ref> Chan was briefly Leader of the Opposition, but gave up the position to Mekere Morauta in August 2007.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> That same month, he became governor of New Ireland Province, during which he established a pension system and promoted the usage of the MaiMai, New Ireland's Chieftain System as a recognised decision-making body in provincial politics.<ref name="rnz"/>

In his later years, Chan was referred to in Papua New Guinea as the "Last Man Standing", in reference to him outliving many members of the first post-independence parliament. He released his memoirs in 2015.<ref name="rnz"/>

Personal life and deathEdit

Chan married Stella, Lady Chan in 1966<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and had four children: Vanessa Andrea, Byron James, Mark Gavin, and Toea Julius.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His son Byron Chan was Member of Parliament for Namatanai Open electorate, covering the south of New Ireland from 2002 until 2017.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Among his nephews was MP Walter Schnaubelt.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Chan died in Huris, New Ireland Province on 30 January 2025, at the age of 85.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Papua New Guinean government declared a one-week period of national mourning over his death<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and granted Chan, whose remains were transported to Port Moresby,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a state funeral on 2 February.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His remains were then returned to New Ireland, where he was buried on 6 February.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>