Jungle gym
A jungle gym (called a climbing frame in British English) is a piece of playground equipment made of many pieces of material, such as metal pipes or ropes, on which participants can climb, hang, sit, and—in some configurations—slide. Monkey bars are a part of a jungle gym where a user, hanging in the air, swings between evenly spaced horizontal bars. The term "monkey bars" is sometimes used to refer to the entire jungle gym.
HistoryEdit
The first jungle gym was invented in 1920 and patented by lawyer Sebastian Hinton in Chicago.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="winnetka" /><ref>Hinton's original patents for the "climbing structure" are {{#if:1471465
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|{{US patent|123456|link text}}}} filed July 22, 1920; {{#if:1488244
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|{{US patent|123456|link text}}}} filed October 24, 1921.</ref> It was sold under the trademarked name Junglegym. Hinton's second prototype "jungle gym" is still standing at the Winnetka Historical Society where it was relocated from the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois.<ref name="winnetka" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}</ref> The term "monkey bars" appears at least as far back as the 1930s,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> though Hinton's initial 1920 patent appeals to the "monkey instinct" in claiming the benefits of climbing as exercise and play for children,<ref>In {{#if:1471465
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|{{US patent|123456|link text}}}} Hinton wrote on page 3, "Again and importantly, the monkey instinct strong in all human beings and perhaps more clearly displayed in children, makes climbing a sport to which children enthusiastically take, by a psychology about the same as that of a kitten at play with a ball, which of course is practice for hunting."</ref> and his improvement patents later that year refer to monkeys shaking the bars of a cage, children swinging on a "monkey runway", and the game of "monkey tag".<ref>In {{#if:1488244
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|{{US patent|123456|link text}}}} Hinton wrote on page 3, "I have found, however, that children seem to like to climb through the structure to some particular point, and there swing head downward by the knees, calling back and forth to each other, a trick which can be explained of course only by the monkey instinct", and on page 4 he wrote, "I make considerable point of the great strength of the structure, as this is important. Thus most persons have seen a monkey in a zoo, seize the bars of his cage with hands and feet and throw his body violently back and forth, other monkeys following suit. Children in the structure I have erected do the same thing, apparently unconscious of any imitation of monkeys. It can be appreciated that with twenty-five or thirty heavy boys doing this, the strains on the structure are very great."</ref>
When Sebastian Hinton was a child, his father, mathematician Charles Hinton, had built a similar structure from bamboo with the goal of enabling children to gain an intuitive understanding of three-dimensional space through a game in which numbers for the x, y, and z axes were called out, and each child tried to be the first to grasp the indicated junction. Thus, the abstraction of Cartesian coordinates could be grasped as a name of a tangible point in space.<ref name="winnetka">Template:"'J' is for Jungle Gym" from Winnetka, Illinois Historical Society</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
SafetyEdit
To reduce the risk of injury from falls, jungle gym areas often have a thick layer of woodchips, sand or other impact-absorbing material covering the ground. The American National Safety Council recommends that playgrounds have at least Template:Convert of such material.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GalleryEdit
- Climbing-thing.jpg
A small jungle gym
- ManonMonkeyBars.jpg
Hanging from monkey bars
- RevJungleGym MobiusClimber.jpg
Landscape structures mobius climber
- RevJungleGym SpacenetClimber3040.jpg
Landscape structures spacenet climber
- Boy in front of jungle gym, 1967.jpg
Boy in front of jungle gym, 1967
- Jungle gym.JPG
A jungle gym in a school yard in Sweden, 2012
- Japanesehighschoolgirlonmonkeybars-dec19-2014.jpg
Japanese schoolgirl on some monkey bars (雲梯), 2014
- Råcksta jungle gym.jpg
A jungle gym in Sweden, 2016
- USMC-16939.jpg
Military variant of the monkey bars