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Kerkrade

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}}Template:Main other Kerkrade ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; Ripuarian: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}; Template:Langx; Template:Langx or Kirchrath)<ref>

  • Dutch pronunciation of Kerkrade: {{#invoke:IPA|main}}, Template:Small {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
  • Ripuarian pronunciation of Kirchroa: {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
  • Limburgish pronunciation of Kirkraoj: {{#invoke:IPA|main}}
  • German pronunciation:

Kerkrade is the western half of a divided city; until 1795 the city was part of the Austrian Netherlands and from 1795 to 1815 it was part of the French Empire. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna created the current Dutch-German border and divided the town into the Dutch Kerkrade and the Prussian (German) Herzogenrath.<ref name=nijmegen>Jan Buursink and Nicole Ehlers, "The Binational City of Eurode" Template:Webarchive. University of Nijmegen.</ref> This means that the eastern end of Kerkrade marks the international border.

The two towns, including outlying suburban settlements, have a population approaching 100,000, of which nearly 47,000 are in Kerkrade.

HistoryEdit

The history of Kerkrade is closely linked with that of the adjacent town of Herzogenrath, just across the German border.<ref>Stenvert, R. et al. (2003). Monumenten in Nederland: Limburg, p. 173–178. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. Template:ISBN.</ref> Herzogenrath began as a settlement, called Rode, near the river Worm (or Wurm in German) in the 11th century. In 1104 Augustinian monks founded an abbey, called Kloosterrade, to the west of this settlement.

It was called 's-Hertogenrode or 's-Hertogenrade (Dutch: the Duke's Rode) after the duchy of Brabant took control over the region; in French it was called Rolduc (Rode-le-duc). As is the case for many parts of the Southern Netherlands, the place changed hands several times in the last few centuries. It was under Spanish control from 1661, Austrian between 1713 and 1785 and French between 1795 and 1813. In 1815, when the kingdom of the Netherlands was formed (see Vienna Congress), the border was drawn through Herzogenrath, the western part being Kerkrade.Template:Citation needed

In the 18th century the monks of Rolduc began small-scale coal mines. More modern exploitation by others started in 1860, causing Kerkrade to grow significantly, especially as a consequence of the permanent settlement of mainly Southern-European miners in this Northern-European place. When the Willem Sophia mine was opened around 1900, the town grew even more rapidly, absorbing old villages like Chèvremont. In the decades following 1960, all the mines in Limburg were closed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

One of the oldest buildings in the municipality is Erenstein, a castle the origins of which lie in the 14th century.

The border along Nieuwstraat/NeustraßeEdit

File:Kerkrade-1993-BIL.jpg
Nieuwstraat/Neustraße in 1993. At left is the Dutch side, at right the German side.
File:Neustrasse, Herzogenrath.jpg
Nieuwstraat/Neustraße in 2009

One part of the border between the Netherlands and Germany runs along the middle of the street Nieuwstraat/Neustraße. The border was heavily fortified by the Germans during World War I and World War II,<ref name=nijmegen/> but because of relatively unrestricted cross-border travel within the European Union, following World War II marked only with a low wall, about 30 cm high, running along the length of the street (borders were at that time designed to be unpassable by vehicles, except at border crossing, but no fence for pedestrians).<ref name=nijmegen/> There was a separate 2-way road on each side, and cars had to pass through the official crossing points, but pedestrians could readily step over the wall (although there were signs informing of the border). In 1995, the wall was removed completely as part of the new Schengen Area agreement.<ref name=nijmegen/> Nieuwstraat/Neustraße is now a single two-way road, with the extra space now occupied with trees and bicycle lanes. The border is unmarked, and is crossed even when going round a roundabout or overtaking a vehicle.

The two towns now share some of their public services,<ref>"World's Most Unique Cities". Toronto Star, June 2, 2016.</ref> and promote themselves as a binational "City of Eurode" for economic development purposes.<ref name=nijmegen/> They share a binational office complex which uses the Eurode name, and is built so that the border passes directly through the centre of the building's main lobby, with one wing of the building in Kerkrade and the other in Herzogenrath.<ref>"Neue Anlaufstelle für Grenzpendler in der Euregio" Template:Webarchive. Aachener Zeitung, September 6, 2016.</ref>

Population centresEdit

File:Kasteel Erenstein in Kerkrade 2.jpg
Erenstein castle
File:Kerkrade Abdijkerk Rolduc.JPG
Rolduc Abbey

Kerkrade's outlying neighborhoods and housing developments include: Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

MusicEdit

Every fourth year the World Music Contest, a competition for amateur, professional, and military bands, is held in Kerkrade.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Also, for the last three years, the Drum Corps Europe championships have been held here.

TransportationEdit

File:Kerkrade-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg
Dutch Topographic map of Kerkrade (city), March 2014; (readable after three clicks)

Kerkrade has 4 railway stations:

Another station, Kerkrade West or Spekholzerheide, closed for public rail in 1988, and since 1992 it is in use by a museum-railway company, ZLSM.

ReservoirEdit

The building of a dam in the Anstel, a brook flowing west of Kerkrade, has led to the formation of a reservoir with an area of about 20 ha. This and its surroundings are very rich in flora and fauna. It is the only reservoir in the NetherlandsTemplate:Citation needed.

SportsEdit

Notable peopleEdit

File:Janine Kitzen (2013).png
Janine Kitzen, 2013
  • Gabriël Grupello (1644–1730) a sculptor who produced religious and mythological sculptures, portraits and public sculptures
  • Jozef Weidmann (1899–1962) a Dutch-Surinamese Catholic priest, politician and union leader<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

SportEdit

File:Willy Brokamp 1973c.jpg
Willy Brokamp, 1973

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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Template:Geographic location Template:Limburg Province (Netherlands) Template:Authority control

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