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Khattak

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| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage |upright=|alt=|image={{#if:|{{{rawimage}}}| }} }} | caption2 = Illustration of a Khattak Pashtun tribal chief of Jahangira in 1920

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The Khattak (Template:Langx) tribe is a prominent Pashtun tribe located in the Khattak territory, which consists of Karak, Nowshera, Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

HistoryEdit

OriginsEdit

Multiple British Raj historians have identified the Khattak with the Satragyddae or Sattagudai, an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe inhabiting Gandhara.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="The Histories of Herodotus" /><ref name="Khaibar Pass Page 7">Guardians of the Khaibar Pass: the social organisation and history of the Afridis of Pakistan David M. Hart Page 7.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">The races of Afghanistan being a brief account of the principal nations, By Henry Walter Bellew - 2004 - 124 pages - Page 85.</ref><ref name="Afghanistan pages 107,108">An inquiry into the ethnography of Afghanistan: prepared and presented to the Ninth international congress of Orientalists, London, September, 1891 - The Oriental university institute, 1891 - 208 pages - pages 107,108,122.</ref><ref name="North-West Frontier Province Page 217">A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province: Based on the census report for the Punjab, 1883 - Horace Arthur Rose, Sir Denzil Ibbetson, Sir Edward Maclagan - Printed by the superintendent, Government printing, Punjab, 1914 - Page 217.</ref><ref name="Qabila Page 152">Qabila: tribal profiles and tribe-state relations in Morocco and on the Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier - By David M. Hart - - 2001 - 254 pages - Page 152.</ref><ref name="Bhavana Books Page 95">Afghanistan of the Afghans - Bhavana Books & Prints, 2000 - 272 pages - Ikbal Ali Shah (Sirdar.) - Page 95.</ref> The Sattagudai (Template:Langx) were a people mentioned by Herodotus in connection to people under the influence of the Achaemenid Empire.<ref name="RommHerodotus2014">Template:Cite book</ref> According to Herodotus:<ref name="The Histories of Herodotus">The Histories of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, Translation 1858–1860.</ref><ref name="archive.org">"The Pathans 55O B.C.-A.D. 1957 By Sir Olaf Caroe"</ref>

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The Sattagudai and the Gandarioi and the Dadikai and the Aparutai, who were all reckoned together paid 170 talents.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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According to Sir Olaf Caroe:<ref name="archive.org"/>

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""Neither Khaṭaks nor Shitaks appear by name until the period of publication of genealogies under the Mughals, and the time of Akbar's dealings with the Khaṭaks for the protection of the highway to Peshawar. Babur indeed in his memoirs mentions the Karranis (Karlanis) whom he encountered in 1505 around Bannu along with the Niazis and Isakhel. It is probable that this reference of his is to Khattaks or Shitaks (Banuchis), or both, for both are Karlani tribes, and the other Karlanis who live in that area, Wazirs and Bangash, Babur mentions by name when he comes to them."{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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In Nimatullah's 1620 work History of The Afghans, the Khattaks are amongst the oldest of the Afghan tribes.<ref name="Dorn">Deportation by the Assyrians, Makhzan-i Afghani, page 37: History of the Afghans</ref>

Khushal Khan KhattakEdit

A warrior poet by the name of Khushal Khan Khattak (1613–1690) was once the chief of this tribe, and his contributions to Pashto literature are considered as classic texts.<ref name="Afghan Poetry: Selections from the poems of Khush Hal Khan Khattak.">Template:Cite book</ref> His life and times are one of the most chronicled and discussed subjects in Pashtun history, as he was active on the political, social and intellectual fora of his times. He was a most voluminous writer, and composed no less than three hundred and sixty literary works, both in the Pashto and Persian languages.<ref name="A Grammar Of The Pukhto, Pushto: Or Language Of The Afghans">Template:Cite book</ref>

His poetry revolves around concepts of Pakhtunwali; Honour, Justice, Bravery and Nationalism and his works have been translated into numerous languages, English and Urdu being the primary ones.<ref name="Poems from the Diwan of Khushâl Khân Khattak">Template:Cite book</ref>

NotablesEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

Template:Pashtun tribes

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