Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad

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Formation of the Democratic LeagueEdit

After his release from prison in 1978, Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad attempted to return to political life by forming a new political party named the Democratic League. The party was intended to position itself as a conservative, right-leaning alternative to the Awami League, which he had once helped found.{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}

However, due to his widely condemned role in the 1975 military coup and his perceived betrayal of Bangladesh's founding ideals, Mostaq was deeply unpopular with the general public.{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} His party failed to gain any significant traction in Bangladeshi politics and never became a major political force. The Democratic League eventually faded from the national scene, and Mostaq remained a marginal figure until his death in 1996.

BackgroundEdit

Khandaker Mostaq Ahmad was born on 27 February 1918, into a Bengali Muslim family of Khandakers in the village of Doshpara in Daudkandi, Tipperah district (now Comilla District, Bangladesh). The family was a Pir family, his father Al-Hajj Hazrat Khandaker Kabiruddin Ahmed was considered to be a Muslim saint and was known widely as Pir Sahib, his mother was Begum Rabeya Khatun, a homemaker. He was a fourth-generation descendant of Khandaker Jalaluddin, an immigrant scholar of Arabic and Persian from Baghdad who was employed by the Nawabs.<ref name=":0" />

Khandaker Moshtaque Ahmed was the least controversial of the Awami League ministers during the time and generally considered to be the leader of the party's right wing due to his Islamic leanings fostered by saintly background.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He completed his Bachelor of Laws degree at the University of Dhaka and entered politics in 1942. He was one of the founder joint secretaries of the East Pakistan Awami Muslim League.<ref name="bpedia" />

Political careerEdit

Ahmad was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Assembly in 1954 as a candidate of the United Front. After the central government of Pakistan dissolved the United Front, Ahmad was jailed in 1954 along with other Bengali leaders. He was released in 1955 and elected the chief whip of the United Front parliamentary party.

In 1958, with the promulgation of martial law, he was arrested by the regime of Ayub Khan.

During the 6 Point Movement, Ahmad was again jailed in 1966. Following his release, Ahmad accompanied Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (then the most senior leader of the Awami League Party) to the all-parties conference called by Ayub Khan in Rawalpindi in 1969.

In 1970, he was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan.<ref name=bpedia/>

Government of Bangladesh in exileEdit

At the onset of the Bangladesh War of Independence and Mujib's arrest, Ahmad and other Awami League leaders gathered in Mujibnagar, Meherpur to form the Government of Bangladesh in exile. Syed Nazrul Islam served as the acting president while Mujib was declared president, Tajuddin Ahmad was appointed prime minister and Khondakar Mostaq Ahmed was made the foreign minister.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In this capacity, Ahmad was to build international support for the cause of Bangladesh's independence. But his role as the Foreign Minister became controversial as he wanted a peaceful solution, remaining within Pakistan in line with the Six Point Charter of his leader Sheikh Mujib. He was sidelined after his maneuverings came to light, left out of a visit to the United Nations General Assembly and dismissed by Prime Minister Ahmad shortly before the end of the provisional government, when the war had already ended. He was replaced by Abdus Samad Azad. Zafrullah Chowdhury alleges that Ahmad did not act alone in this regard and that Awami League leaders were involved.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After the liberation, Ahmad was appointed the Minister of Power, Irrigation and Flood Control in 1972 as part of the Second Sheikh Mujib cabinet. In 1973, he took charge of the Ministry of Commerce in the Third Sheikh Mujib cabinet. He was a member of the executive committee of Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL) formed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which made Bangladesh, a one-party system<ref>Template:Cite Banglapedia</ref> which was formed in 1975.<ref name=bpedia/>

PresidencyEdit

Sheikh Mujib and all members of his family, except his two daughters, who were in West Germany at the time, were assassinated by a group of army personnel on 15 August.

Ahmad immediately took control of the government, proclaiming himself President.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> All three services chiefs were dismissed and replaced by next in line seniors. Major General Ziaur Rahman was appointed Chief of Army Staff of the Bangladesh Army, replacing K M Shafiullah. Air Vice Marshal A. K. Khandekar was replaced by AVM M G Ghulam Tawab. Mushtaq reportedly praised the plotters who killed Sheikh Mujibur Rahman calling them Shurjo Shontan (sons of the sun).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Mushtaq Ahmad also ordered the imprisonment of leaders Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmad, A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman and Muhammad Mansur Ali. He replaced the national slogan of Joy Bangla with Bangladesh Zindabad slogan and changed the name Bangladesh Betar to 'Radio Bangladesh'. He proclaimed the Indemnity Ordinance, which granted immunity from prosecution to the assassins of Mujib.<ref name=bpedia/> Mujib's daughters Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana were barred from returning to Bangladesh from abroad. BAKSAL and pro-Mujib political groups were dissolved.

On 3 November, in what became infamously known as the "Jail Killing Day",<ref name="Hasina extends deadline">Template:Cite news</ref> the four imprisoned leaders Tajuddin Ahmad, Syed Nazrul Islam, A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman, and Muhammad Mansur Ali, who had refused to co-operate with Mostaq,<ref name="Newton2014">Template:Cite book</ref> were killed inside Dhaka Central Jail by a group of army officers on the instruction of President Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> However, Mushtaq Ahmad was ousted from power on 6 November following a coup on 3 November led by Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf and Colonel Shafat Jamil among others.<ref name="Borders 1975">Template:Cite news</ref>

Later life and legacyEdit

File:খন্দকার মোশতাক আহমেদ (cropped).jpg

Sculpture of Khondakar Mostaque Ahmad in Mujibnagar, Meherpur

Ahmad was imprisoned by Brigadier General Khaled Mosharraf<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and later by the Ziaur Rahman administration until 1978. Upon his release, he formed Democratic League and attempted to resuscitate his political career, but to no avail. He spent his last years in Dhaka and died on 5 March 1996.

Ahmad was named in the investigation of the murder of Sheikh Mujib launched in 1996 by his daughter Sheikh Hasina, who had just won the national elections to become Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Hasina blamed Ahmad for her father's death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Due to his death, he was not charged or tried.

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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