Khoy

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Khoy (Template:Langx, Template:Langx)Template:Efn is a city in the Central District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="West Azerbaijan Province Structure">Template:Cite report</ref> Occupied since Median times, it shares a long history as an important Christian center.<ref name="Andrew Burke pp. 138">Andrew Burke, "Iran" pp. 138. Lonely Planet. Template:ISBN</ref>

HistoryEdit

Khoy was named in ancient times for the salt mines that made it an important spur of the Silk Route.<ref name="Andrew Burke pp. 138"/> 3000 years ago, a city existed on the area where Khoy is located nowadays, but its name became Khoy only in the 14th centuries ago.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013">Lida Balilan Asl, Elham Jafari. "Khoy's Expansion from Early Islam to Late Qajar According to Historical Documents" published spring 2013. vol 3</ref> In 714 BC, Sargon II passed the region of which Khoy is part of in a campaign against Urartu.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013"/>

During the reign of Greater Armenia this city was a part of Nor-Shirakan province (ashkar). Khoy was mentioned in the 8th century AD and was called Her by Anania Shirakatsi in "Ashkharatsuyts".

In the Parthian period, Khoy was the gateway of the Parthian Empire in the Northwest. During the reign of Armenian king Tigranes the Great, Khoy is mentioned as being an important settlement of the Silk Route.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013"/> Around the year 37 BC, Mark Antony had crossed the plain that is located between Khoy and Marand during one of the many and frequent Roman-Parthian Wars.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013"/>

Scholars such as Josef Markwart consider Khoy to be the identical to the Gobdi station mentioned in the Tabula Peutingeriana.Template:Sfn

One of the important historic elements of the city is Surp Sarkis Church. Armenian documents wrote that the date of the making has to be either 332 or 333 AD.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013"/> In the city and its surrounding villages, churches are seen and it is reported that Armenians have always been comprising a significant amount of the city’s population.<ref name="Lida Balilan Asl 2013"/>Template:Page needed

By the first half of the 11th century the Byzantine emperors were actively trying to round off their eastern territories, in an attempt to absorb the unstable Armenian dynasties. In 1021-2 emperor Basil II led his army as far as Khoy within 175 km of Dvin, and obtained the surrender of royalty from the Artsruni dynasty of Van.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1210, the city was conquered by the forces of Kingdom of Georgia sent by Tamar the Great under the command of Zakaria and Ivane Mkhargrdzeli. This was a response to the sacking of Georgian-controlled Ani which occurred in 1208 and left 12,000 Christians dead.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The city was ruled over by Malika, wife of Jalal al-Din Mangburni after his conquest of the city in the late 1220s.<ref>Tamta's World by Anthony Eastmond, page 108</ref>

Modern periodEdit

File:Gold coin of Karim Khan Zand, minted in Khoy.jpg

Gold coin of Karim Khan Zand, struck at the Khoy mint, dated 1779

In the wake of the demise of the Safavids, the Ottomans took Khoy on 6 May 1724, a territorial gain which was confirmed with Imperial Russia through the Treaty of Constantinople (1724).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Until 1828, Khoy had a large number of Armenians; however, the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), gave the Russians the right to encourage Armenians to immigrate into the Russian Empire. Nevertheless, a small Armenian population remained living in Khoy. This was noted by an American missionary in 1834.<ref name="Eli Smith pp 315">Smith noted that the city had between 4000 and 7000 Muslim families, while only about 100 Armenian families were left. Template:Cite book</ref> He noted further that in the villages around Khoy there were a few more, but the vast majority had migrated to the North of the Aras river following Russia's victory over Persia in 1828 and the encouraged settling in the newly incorporated Russian regions of Eastern Armenia.<ref name="Eli Smith pp 315"/>

With the advent of the 1910s, Khoy was occupied by Ottoman troops, but they were completely expelled from the area by the Russians by 1911.Template:Sfn Khoy was one of the many cities in Iran which garrisoned Russian infantry and Cossacks.Template:Sfn The Russians retreated at the time of Enver Pasha's offensive in the Iran-Caucasus region, but returned in around early 1916, and stayed in the region up to the wake of the Russian Revolution.Template:Sfn In 1918, for a final brief period, the Ottomans took Khoy until the decisive end of World War I and the Armistice of Mudros.Template:Sfn In World War II, Khoy was again occupied by Soviet troops, who remained until 1946. After 1946 the city indefinitely became part of Iran and is located in the far northwest of the country.

DemographicsEdit

PopulationEdit

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 178,708 in 45,090 households.<ref name="2006 West Azerbaijan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 200,958 people in 57,149 households.<ref name="2011 West Azerbaijan Province">Template:Cite report</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 198,845 people in 59,964 households.<ref name="2016 West Azerbaijan Province">Template:Cite report</ref>

GeographyEdit

LocationEdit

Khoy is north of the province's capital and largest city Urmia, and 807 km north-west to Tehran. The region's economy is based on agriculture, particularly the production of fruit, grain, and timber. Khoy is nicknamed as the Sunflower city of Iran. At the 2006 census, the city had a population of 178,708, with an estimated 2012 population of 200,985. Khoy is largely populated by ethnic Azerbaijanis,<ref>encyclopaedia islamica:اهالی شهرستان خوی به زبان ترکی سخن می‌گویند (صدرایی‌خویی، 1373ش، ص 65)</ref> except for the residents of the western edge of Khoy, who are mostly Kurds; The majority of the population (more than 90%) subscribes to the Shiite sect of Islam. The Kurds of this less, who live mostly in a nomadic way as opposed to the mostly settled Azerbaijanis, are largely Sunni and are composed of two independent tribes, Shakkak and Madrumi.<ref>Encyclopedia of Islamic World:به جز ساکنان حاشیه غربی شهرستان خوی که بیشتر کرد هستند؛ اکثریت جمعیت منطقه (بیش از ۹۰٪) شیعه دوازده امامی‌اند. کردهای این منطقه بیشتر به صورت عشایری زندگی می‌کنند و از دو طایفه مستقل کره‌سنی و مدرومی هستند</ref>

ClimateEdit

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as cold semi-arid (BSk).<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Highest recorded temperature:Template:Convert on 26 July 2020<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Lowest recorded temperature:Template:Convert on 24 January 1964<ref name=MIN/>

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SightsEdit

Khoy is well known for the tomb of Shams Tabrizi, renowned Iranian poet and mystic.

File:Pol havai - railway bridge Khoy.jpg

Ghotour Bridge - railway bridge Khoy

File:Tomb of Shams Tabrizi 9.JPG

Tomb of Shams Tabrizi 9

Khoy city.iran.jpg
Khoy city center in iran country.jpg

city center square
Iran bazar khoy.jpg

Khoy bazaar
Khaneh kabiri khoy4.jpg

historical Kabiri House in Khoy
Plane & airport of khoy.JPG

Khoy Airport
Darvazeh sangi khoy.jpg

Stone gate of Khoy
Khaneh kabiri khoy.jpg

Kabiri House
Khaneh kabiri khoy2.jpg

Kabiri House
Khaneh kabiri khoy3.jpg

Kabiri House
Khoybridge.jpg

Ghotour Bridge
Khoybridge2.jpg

Ghotour Bridge
Mahlezan church.jpg

Mahlezan church
Serkis Khoy.jpg

Serkis
Shamseddine tabrizi tower khoy.jpg

Tomb of Shams Tabrizi
Shamstower.jpg

Tomb of Shams Tabrizi
Stone gate of Khoy.JPG

Stone gate of Khoy

Famous placesEdit

Tomb of Shams Tabrizi, Shams Tabrizi Tower
Bastam and Bolourabad Castles
Khatoon Bridge
Old Stone Gate
Old Bazaar
Motallebkhan Mosque
Mount Avrin
Ghotour Iron Bridge<ref>

{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Notable nativesEdit

For a complete list see: Category:People from Khoy

Nasreddin (17th-century miniature).jpg

Mullah Nasreddin, satirical Sufi.
JahanShah1.JPG

Jahan Shah, was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu oghuz Turks tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran.
Jaleh Amouzgar.JPG

Jaleh Amouzgar, is an Iranologist and a university professor.
Behrouz Vossoughi.jpg

Behrouz Vossoughi, is an Iranian actor.