Kiryat Gat
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}}Template:Main other Kiryat Gat (Template:Langx) also spelled Qiryat Gat, is a city in the Southern District of Israel. It lies Template:Convert south of Tel Aviv, Template:Convert north of Beersheba, and Template:Convert west southwest of Jerusalem. In Template:Israel populations it had a population of Template:Israel populations.Template:Israel populations The city hosts one of the most advanced semiconductor fabrication plants in the world, Intel's Fab 28 plant producing 7 nm process chips.
EtymologyEdit
Kiryat Gat was mistakenly named for Gath,<ref name=Hadassah>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=Rainey11>Template:Cite journal: "Today there are Hebrew names not only for modern communities such as kibbutzim, settlement towns, etc., but for topographical features (hills, water sources, etc.), and antiquity sites as well. The majority of these are Hebraized forms of the former Arabic name, e.g., Arabic Tell 'Arâd is Tel ʿArad, Tell Jezer is now Tel Gezer, Khirbet Mešâš has become Tel Masos. Frequently, the new Hebrew form is not really cognate to the Arabic but was chosen for its general resemblance; Tell el-Fâr: "The Mound of the Mouse" has been promoted to Tel Par: "The Mound of the Bull." The earlier enthusiasm for restoring biblical names to their ancient sites has cooled down somewhat, especially after Tell (ʿArâq) el-Menšîyeh, changed to Tel Gat, was proved not to be a suitable candidate for Gath of the Philistines. Now the site is called Tel ʿErani after the epithet of Sheikh Ahmed el-ʿAreinī, whose tomb is located there."</ref> one of the five major cities of the Philistines. In Hebrew, "gat" means "winepress". In the 1950s, archaeologists found ruins at a nearby tell named Tel Erani and identified it as the Philistine city of Gath. Later archeologists proved this to be incorrect, but not before Kiryat Gat had been named in 1954. It proved too difficult to subsequently change the city’s name.<ref name=Hadassah/> This event cooled earlier enthusiasm for restoring biblical names more widely across the region. <ref name=Rainey11/>
The location most favored for Gath now is Tel es-Safi, thirteen kilometers (Template:Convert) to the northeast.<ref name=Harris>Template:Cite journal</ref>
HistoryEdit
Kiryat Gat was founded in 1954, initially as a ma'abara. The following year it was established as a development town by 18 families from Morocco.<ref name="Partnership 2000">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was founded just west of the ruins of the Palestinian Arab village of Iraq al-Manshiyya The former location of Iraq al-Manshiyya is now within the built-up area of Kiryat Gat.<ref name=SImap>Sheet Hebron of 100,000 topological map series, Survey of Israel, 1956.</ref> By 1992, Kiryat Gat had grown and spread also onto the land that formerly belonged to the village of Al-Faluja.<ref>Khalidi, 1992, p. 97</ref>
The population of Kiryat Gat rose from 4,400 inhabitants in 1958 to 17,000 in 1969, mostly Jewish immigrants from North Africa. The economy was initially based on processing the agricultural produce of the Lachish region, such as cotton and wool. In December 1972, Kiryat Gat's municipal status was upgraded and it became Israel's 31st city.<ref name="Ref_">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
During the 1990s, the mass immigration of Soviet Jews to Israel brought many new residents to the town and its population grew to 42,500 by 1995.<ref name="Ref_2005">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The development of the Rabin industrial zone on the eastern edge of the city, and the opening of Highway 6 further improved the economy of the city.
ClimateEdit
Kiryat Gat has a borderline hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) and a hot semi-arid climate (Bsh). winters are moderately rainy and mild, and summers are hot and dry. the annual amount of precipitation is around 405 mm, mostly falls in winter. Mean daily maximum in January is 17 celsius degrees, while in August it is 33 celsius degrees.
DemographicsEdit
In 2012, the ethnic makeup of the city was 93.8 percent Jewish.<ref name="cbs-Qiryat Gat">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In its early years, Kiryat Gat was populated mainly by Jews of Sephardi/Mizrahi origin. Since the mass immigration of Soviet Jews, approximately one third of the inhabitants hail from the former Soviet Union.<ref name="Rosenthal">Template:Cite book</ref>
EconomyEdit
The Polgat textile factory was the main employer in the town until it closed in the 1990s. In 1999, Intel opened a chip fabrication plant, known as Fab 18, to produce Pentium 4 chips and flash memories. Intel received a grant of $525 million from the Israeli government to build the plant. In February 2006, the cornerstone was laid for Intel's second Kiryat Gat plant, Fab 28. Despite this, Kiryat Gat has one of Israel's highest unemployment rates.<ref name="Rosenthal"/><ref name="Gazzar2006">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, Intel announced a $10 billion investment in new manufacturing in Kiryat Gat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The headquarters and small-arms (guns) manufacturing facility of Israeli Weapons Industries is now located in Kiryat Gat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
TransportationEdit
Kiryat Gat is served by the Kiryat Gat Railway Station on the Tel Aviv - Be'er Sheva inter-city line of Israel Railways. Kiryat Gat is situated between two major highways, Highway 40 to the west of the town and Highway 6.
EducationEdit
Kiryat Gat has 25 schools with an enrollment of 10,676. Of these schools, 18 are elementary schools with a student population of 5,498, and 13 are high schools with a student population of 5,178. In 2001, 54.7% of Kiryat Gat's 12th grade students graduated with a matriculation certificate. Kiryat Gat has a Pedagogic Center, science centers, a computerized library and a center devoted to industry, art and technology.<ref name="Partnership 2000"/> In 2012, a high school student from Kiryat Gat won first prize in the First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics competition.<ref>Kiryat Gat teen wins first prize in international physics competition, Haaretz</ref>
Twin towns — sister citiesEdit
Template:See also Kiryat Gat is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Chicago, United States of America (1998)<ref name=JUF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Buffalo, United States of America (1977)<ref name=Buffalo>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Template:Flagicon Kruševac, Serbia (1990)<ref name=krusevac>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Notable peopleEdit
- Adi Nes (born 1966), photographer
- Miri Regev (born 1965), politician and a former Brigadier General. She is a member of the Cabinet as the Minister of Culture and Sport from 2015–2020 and the Minister of Transportation since 2020<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>
- Miki Zohar (born 1980), politician. He is a former member of the Kiryat Gat City Council, a member of Knesset from 2015 to 2023, and a member of Cabinet as the Minister of Culture and Sport since 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Ninet Tayeb (born 1983), singer and actress
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Southern District (Israel) Template:Largest Israeli cities Template:Authority control