Kista
Template:Short description Template:About
Kista ({{#invoke:IPA|main}} is a district in the borough of Rinkeby-Kista, Stockholm, Sweden. It has a strategic position located in between Sweden's main airport, the Stockholm-Arlanda International Airport and central Stockholm, and alongside the main national highway E4 economic artery.
Kista comprises residential and commercial areas, the latter in the highly technological telecommunications and information technology industry.<ref name="OECD2013"/> There are large research efforts in this entire area, which therefore is dubbed Kista Science City. It is the research park of KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
Kista Science City is the location where a large portion of the research and development of the world's 4G LTE mobile telephony infrastructure is being developed, to a European ETSI standard used worldwide.<ref name="kista.com"/> A majority is done at Ericsson, with 100,000 employees worldwide, but with its research and worldwide headquarters in the Kista Science City.
Kista was named after an old farm "Kista Gård", still located in the area. The construction of the modern parts were started in the 1970s.<ref name="AntonellaEmma2009">Template:Cite book</ref> Most of the streets in Kista are named after towns and places in Denmark, Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. Before the opening of the Mall of Scandinavia, Kista Galleria was the biggest shopping center in the Stockholm region. Because of its ICT industries, it became in the 1980s referred to as "Chipsta"<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and, after Sweden joined the EU in 1995, also as Europe's "Silicon Valley".<ref name="AntonellaEmma2009"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
OverviewEdit
EtymologyEdit
Kista got its name sometime in during 1600s and was named after a farmhouse in this area. The word Kista historically meant "place where livestock is traded", from the Old Swedish word "kvi", meaning livestock, and "sta(d)", meaning place.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
EconomyEdit
Kista is the largest corporate area in Sweden and important to the national economy.<ref name="OECD2013">Template:Cite book</ref> The construction of the industrial section of Kista began in the 1970s with companies such as SRA (Svenska Radioaktiebolaget, now a part of Ericsson), RIFA AB (later Ericsson Components AB, and later still Ericsson Microelectronics AB, and now Infineon Technologies), and IBM Svenska AB (the Swedish branch of IBM). Ericsson has had its headquarters in Kista since 2003.<ref name="Kim2005"/> Cellmax is another local company founded and headquartered in Kista.
Kista is the largest Information and Communications Technology (ICT) cluster in Europe,<ref name="kista.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and was ranked the world's second largest<ref>Page 84. The Business of Global Energy Transformation: Saving Billions through Sustainable Models. Mats R. Larsson. Global Energy Transformation Institute. 2012, Palgrave Macmillan. Macmillan Publishers Limited, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, United Kingdom. https://books.google.com/books?id=RX4x1amBi44C&dq=Global+Transformation+kista&pg=PA84</ref> cluster after Silicon Valley in California during the internet boom of 2000. It is the largest corporate area in Sweden, important to the national economy<ref name="Kim2005">Template:Cite book</ref> due to the presence of, among others, Ericsson, one of the largest corporations in Sweden.
SafetyEdit
Increasing crime rates and worsening safety has made the area much less attractive since the late 2010s. Nearly half of inhabitants report feeling unsafe and at risk of becoming a victim of a crime.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 2020s, Kista became classified as a vulnerable area by the Swedish Police Authority.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Companies that used to define Kista began leaving the area after many years of violent crime incidents. Kista neighborhood has seen many incidents of robberies,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> stabbings,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> shootings,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> attempted murders<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and murders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Swedish branch of IBM and Ericsson, two of the biggest employers in the area, both departed in the mid-2020s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fujitsu, Template:Ill, KTH Royal Institute of Technology as well as other organizations also left the area.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Relocations include public institutions, e.g. the local police station moved from Kista to Solna.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the mid-2020s, more than a third of office space in Kista was vacant.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Various retailers have also relocated from Kista.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There are several ongoing initiatives to improve safety in Kista.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Research and higher learningEdit
Kista hosts entire departments of both KTH Royal Institute of Technology, such as Wireless@KTH, and Stockholm University (formerly jointly known as "the IT University").<ref name="DesaiNijkamp2011">Template:Cite book</ref>
There are also Swedish national research institutes (pure research, no students) such as the Swedish Institute of Computer Science and Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI who has its headquarters there, just as Ericsson, Swedish IBM and Tele 2, among others has.
Also the Swedish Co-location Centre<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> of EU innovation and entrepreneurial education organisation EIT Digital is located in Kista and offers a 2-year Master program<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in collaboration with KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
Parks and open spacesEdit
Kista does not have any large and notable parks, but it has many green areas. According to statistics from Stockholm Municipality, each person in Kista has on average 94 square meters of green spaces within 500 meter radius.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GalleryEdit
{{#invoke:Gallery|gallery}}