Lango people
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The Lango are a Nilotic ethnic group.<ref name="mr1"/> They live in north-central Uganda, in a region that covers the area formerly known as the Lango District until 1974, when it was split into the districts of Apac and Lira, and subsequently into several additional districts. The current Lango Region now includes the districts of Amolatar, Alebtong, Apac, Dokolo, Kole, Lira, Oyam, Otuke, and Kwania.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The total population of Lango District is currentlyTemplate:When about 2,884,000.<ref name="Census 2014">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Lango people speak the Lango language, a Western Nilotic language of the Southern Luo group.<ref name=":5">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early historyEdit
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The Lango oral tradition states that they were part of the "Lango race" during the migration period. This group later split into several distinct groups before entering Uganda<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> (see Tarantino, Odwe, Crazollara, Uzoigwe). The name “Lango” is found in Teso, Kumam, Karamojong, Jie, and Labwor vocabularies, reflecting that how these groups once used to belong to the Lango race.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Hutchinson (1902) states:
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Hutchinson (1902) adds:
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"The Lango is especially noted for the care bestowed on their elaborate and highly fantastic head-dress. The prevailing fashion may be described as a kind of a helmet... Lango women, who amongst the finest and most symmetrical of the Equatorial lake regions, wear little clothing or embellishments beyond west-bands, necklaces, armlets, and anklets" (p. 360).{{#if:|{{#if:|}}
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Icaya (Isaya) Ogwangguji, M.B.E.Edit
Rwot Ogwangguji was born in 1875 in Abedpiny village in Lira District (Okino, Patrick, and Odongo, Bonney). He was the son of a Rwot (chief) – Rwot Olet Apar, the leader of the Oki clan.<ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref> His first administrative chief title was the Jago (sub-chief) of Lira. In 1918, he was elected county chief (Rwot) by Erute county, Lango. He continued as Rwot of Erute county until 28 February 1951, and was later on promoted to the title of Rwot Adwong (Senior Chief). Rwot Ogwangguji is known as a chief who bridged "old Lango" into "new Lango" through his extensive work history during a period of many changes in the 20th century in Uganda. He was awarded the M.B.E. in the New Year's Honors in 1956 and subsequently retired in December 1957.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wright, M.J., Uganda Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 2, 1958</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
MilitaryEdit
Driberg described Lango people as:
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The Lango army was united under one military leader chosen from available men, and all had to agree to be led by him.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> These military leaders would lead the Lango army against other groups. Their authority ended when the war was over, and they all returned to their clans and resumed their daily occupations and were not entitled to any special benefits. Famous military leaders were Ongora Okubal, who brought the Lango to their present land, Opyen who succeeded Ongora Okubal and was followed by Arim Oroba, and Agoro Abwango. Agoro Abwango led his men to fight the Banyoro and was killed in Bunyoro.<ref name="Kihangire, p. 22">Kihangire, p. 22</ref> The Lango oral literature has it that as the soldiers who went to help Kabalega retreated towards the Nile, they helped Kabalega and Mwanga, the deposed King of Bunyoro and Buganda respectively cross the Nile River.<ref name=":3">Template:Cite book</ref> They were moved along the northern corridor of Lake Kwania. At the time, a warrior called Obol Ario who had conquered much of the northern part of the lake was there. It's believed he helped smuggle the two deposed kings towards Dokolo, where they settled at Kangai. Obol Ario of Apac Okwero Ngec Ayita Clan eventually settled at Amac where he later died and was buried.<ref name=":2">Template:Cite book</ref>
Land tenureEdit
Land in the pre-colonial era was common land, and any untilled area belonged to the first person or family who tilled it, and it was passed on to the eldest son.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> "Land which had not been cultivated in the past could be tilled by any family, and, when once it had been tilled, the community regarded it as the property of the family whose ancestor first cultivated it."<ref name="Kihangire, p. 22"/> Traditional land tenure is still widely used in rural areas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" />
CultureEdit
Although many Lango practice Islam or Christianity, the influence of traditional beliefs still plays a significant role in the religious lives of the Lango. In traditional Lango myth, each individual has a guardian spirit and metaphysical soul. Additionally, ancestral cults and belief in the supreme god, Jok, played a large role in the religion.<ref name=":4">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":6" />
Primary occupations of the Lango people include hunting, farming and raising livestock.<ref name=":4" />
Lango clansEdit
The Lango people have over 148 registered clans with the Lango Cultural Foundation, an institution mandated with the powers to organize, control and represent all clans in the Lango communities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Lango danceEdit
The Lango people have several traditional dances. These include Okeme and Abuda which are very popular and performed during cultural functions, weddings or other ceremonies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Fv
Notable peopleEdit
- Milton Obote, second president of Uganda following independence<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Jane Aceng, Minister of Health of Uganda since 2016<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Fv
- Betty Amongi, Minister of Gender, Labour and Social Development since 2021<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Fv
- Peter Ogwang, Minister of State for Sports<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Fv
- Acen Dorcus, Women's Representative of the Alebtong District since 2021Template:Cn
- Denis Hamson Obua, Chief Whip of the Parliament of Uganda since 2022<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Fv
ReferencesEdit
FootnotesEdit
SourcesEdit
- Julius peter Odwee 2013 " Tricentenary of the Lango people in Uganda"
- Kihangire, Cyprianus (1957). "The marriage customs of the Lango tribe (Uganda) in relation to canon Law"
- Curley, Richard T (1973). Elders, Shades, and Women: Ceremonial Change in Lango, Uganda.
- Tosh, John (1979). Clan Leaders and Colonial Chiefs in Lango: The Political History of an East African Stateless Society 1800–1939.
- Hutchinson, H.N., Walter, J., & Lydekker, R. (1902). The living races of mankind: a popular illustrated account of the customs, habits, pursuits, feasts and ceremonies of the races of mankind throughout the world.
- Julius P.O. Odwe. Proposal to Celebrate a Tricentenary (300 years) of Lango Existence, Importance and Contributions to Uganda. A conference proposal presented to the Prime Minister, Lango Cultural Foundation, Lira (Uganda), 11 November 2011.
- Wright, M.J. (September 1958),"The early life of Rwot Isaya Ogwangguji, M.B.E." Volume 22, Issue 2. Pgs. 131–138.
- "Lango's first palace." New Vision online 18 November 2013.
- Tarantino, Angelo. Lango i kare acon (Lango before colonialism). Fountain Publishers, 2004.