Laval, Quebec
Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use Canadian English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Main other{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template other{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox settlement with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | alt | anthem | anthem_link | area_blank1_acre | area_blank1_dunam | area_blank1_ha | area_blank1_km2 | area_blank1_sq_mi | area_blank1_title | area_blank2_acre | area_blank2_dunam | area_blank2_ha | area_blank2_km2 | area_blank2_sq_mi | area_blank2_title | area_code | area_code_type | area_codes | area_footnotes | area_land_acre | area_land_dunam | area_land_ha | area_land_km2 | area_land_sq_mi | area_metro_acre | area_metro_dunam | area_metro_footnotes | area_metro_ha | area_metro_km2 | area_metro_sq_mi | area_note | area_rank | area_rural_acre | area_rural_dunam | area_rural_footnotes | area_rural_ha | area_rural_km2 | area_rural_sq_mi | area_total_acre | 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LavalTemplate:Efn is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.
Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.
Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval.<ref>Territorial Division Act. Revised Statutes of Quebec D-11.</ref> It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
HistoryEdit
The first European Settlers in Laval were Jesuits, who were granted a seigneury there in 1636. Agriculture first appeared in Laval in 1670. In 1675, François de Montmorency-Laval gained control of the seigneury. In 1702 a parish municipality was founded, and dedicated to Saint-François de Sales (not to be confused with the modern-day Saint-François-de-Sales in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean).
In 1845, after nearly 200 years being of a rural nature, additional municipalities began to be created. The only built-up area on the island, Sainte-Rose, was incorporated as a village in 1850, and it remained the main community for the remainder of the century. With the dawn of the 20th century came urbanization. Laval-des-Rapides became Laval's first city in 1912, followed by Template:Interlanguage link, which was granted village status three years later. Laval-sur-le-Lac was founded in the same year and had its tourist-based economy based on Montrealers. Laval began to grow throughout the following years because its proximity to Montreal made it an ideal suburb.
To deal with problems caused by urbanization, amalgamations occurred; L'Abord-à-Plouffe amalgamated with Template:Interlanguage link and Saint-Martin, creating the city of Chomedey in 1961. The amalgamation turned out to be so successful for the municipalities involved that the Quebec government decided to amalgamate the whole island into a single city of Laval in 1965, not without controversy.<ref name="Birth">Template:Cite news</ref> Laval was named after the first owner of Île Jésus, François de Montmorency-Laval, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec. At the time, Laval had a population of 170,000. Laval became a Regional County Municipality in 1980. Until then, it had been the County of Laval.<ref name="historylaval">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The 14 municipalities, which existed prior to the incorporation of the amalgamated City of Laval on 6 August 1965, were:
GeographyEdit
The island has developed over time, with most of the urban area in the central region and along the south and west river banks.
Laval is bordered on the south by Montreal across the Rivière des Prairies, on the north by Les Moulins Regional County Municipality and by Thérèse-De Blainville Regional County Municipality and on the west by Deux-Montagnes Regional County Municipality across the Rivière des Mille Îles.
ClimateEdit
Laval experiences a four-season humid continental climate (Koppen: Dfb) with very warm summers and very cold winters with adequate precipitation year-round, though more so during summer and early fall.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Weather box
DemographicsEdit
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Laval had a population of Template:Val living in Template:Val of its Template:Val total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of Template:Val. With a land area of Template:Convert, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> According to the 2016 Census, the population of Laval was an estimated 422,993, a 5.3 percent increase from the earlier census in 2011. Women constituted 51.4% of the total population. Children under 14 years of age totalled 17.4%, while 17.2% of the population was of retirement age (65 years of age and older). The median age was calculated as 41.9 years.<ref name="census2016"/>
EthnicityEdit
ImmigrationEdit
| Immigrants by country of birth (2016 Census)<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca › dp-pd
2016 Census of Population – Data products - Statistics Canada</ref> | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Country | Population | |
| 1 | Lebanon | 12,420 | |
| 2 | Haiti | 12,015 | |
| 3 | Morocco | 7,880 | |
| 4 | Algeria | 6,530 | |
| 5 | Greece | 5,940 | |
| 6 | Italy | 5,690 | |
| 7 | Syria | 5,465 | |
| 8 | Romania | 5,255 | |
| 9 | France | 3,325 | |
| 10 | Portugal | 3,145 | |
LanguageEdit
.<ref name="cp2011"/>
| Census Year |
Total Responses |
French {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
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English {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
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French & English {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
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Other {{safesubst:#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }}
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 226,675 | Template:Decrease 4.64% | 52.15% | 34,175 | Template:Increase 11.35% | 7.86% | 7,770 | Template:Increase 76.2% | 1.05% | 143,300 | Template:Increase 9.19% | 32.9% | |||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 237,430 | Template:Decrease 1.73% | 56.80% | 30,295 | Template:Increase 9.45% | 7.25% | 4,410 | Template:Increase 16.82% | 1.05% | 131,240 | Template:Increase 15.97% | 31.39% | |||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 241,615 | Template:Decrease 0.2% | 60.77% | 27,680 | Template:Increase 9.51% | 6.96% | 3,775 | Template:Increase 58.94% | 0.95% | 113,160 | Template:Increase 19.34% | 28.46% | |||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 242,155 | Template:Decrease 2.72% | 66.41% | 25,275 | Template:Increase 23.08% | 6.85% | 2,375 | Template:Decrease 14.41% | 0.64% | 94,815 | Template:Increase 42% | 25.72% | |||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 248,925 | Template:Increase 1.68% | 73.42% | 20,535 | Template:Increase 0.96% | 6.05% | 2,775 | Template:Increase 4.52% | 0.82% | 66,775 | Template:Increase 22.25% | 19.69% | |||||
| check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | check|unknown=|preview=Page using Template:Center with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | style }} | 244,800 | n/a | 74.95% | 20,340 | n/a | 6.22% | 2,655 | n/a | 0.81% | 54,620 | n/a | 16.72% | |||||
ReligionEdit
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Laval included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Christianity (280,720 people or 65.4%)
- Irreligious (77,165; 18.0%)
- Islam (55,620; 12.9%)
- Buddhism (5,940; 1.4%)
- Hinduism (4,140; 1.0%)
- Judaism (2,435; 0.6%)
- Sikhism (2,235; 0.5%)
- Indigenous Spirituality (10; less than 0.1%)
- Other (1,280; 0.3%)
EconomyEdit
Laval's diverse economy is centred around the technology, pharmaceutical, industrial and retail sectors. It has many pharmaceutical laboratories but also stone quarries and a persistent agricultural sector. Long seen as a bedroom community, Laval has diversified its economy, especially in the retail sector, developing numerous shopping malls, warehouses and various retail stores. Laval has four different industrial parks.<ref name="lavaltechnopole">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The first is Industrial Park Centre, in the heart of Laval at the corner of St. Martin West and Industriel Blvd. One of the largest municipal industrial parks in Quebec, the Industrial Park Centre boasts the highest concentration of manufacturing companies in Laval: 1,024 at last count, and 22,378 employees. The park still has Template:Convert of space available.
The second, the Autoroute 25 Industrial Park is at the crossroads of the metropolitan road network. Inaugurated in 2001, this new industrial municipal space has been a tremendous success, boasting an 80% occupancy rate. Laval is studying the possibility of expanding this park in the next few years.
The third, known as Industrial Park East, is in the neighbourhood of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul. This park has reached full capacity with a 100% occupancy rate. Industrial Park East is currently part of a municipal program to revitalize municipal services and public utilities. Laval is working with a private developer on an expansion project for the park that should be announced in the near future.
The fourth industrial park, the Laval Science and High Technology Park is located along Rivière des Prairies and Autoroute 15. It is a science campus that houses the Biotech City and the Information Technology Development Centre (ITDC). Nearly Template:Convert of space are available for development. The Biotech City spans the entire territory of the Laval Science and High Technology Park and is a unique concept in Canada in that its residents comprise both universities and companies.Template:Cn
Created in 1995, Laval Technopole is a nonprofit organization that has the objective to promote the economic growth of Laval by attracting and supporting new business and investments located in its 5 territory poles: Biopole, e-Pol, Agropole, industrial pole and Leisure/tourism.
Alimentation Couche-Tard has its headquarters in Laval.<ref>"Executive Office Template:Webarchive." Alimentation Couche-Tard. Retrieved on 18 January 2011. "Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. 4204 Industriel Blvd. Laval (Quebec) H7L 0E3." Address in French Template:Webarchive: "Alimentation Couche-Tard inc. 4204 Boul. Industriel Laval (Québec) H7L 0E3 " Map Template:Webarchive</ref>
| Agropole | Industrial Pole | Biopole | E-Pole |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1,750 companies | 624 companies | More than 80 firms | 264 businesses |
| 15,800 jobs | 16,000 jobs | Over one billion $ invested since 2001 | 4,370 jobs |
Main sectors:
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AttractionsEdit
Template:Prose Laval's main attractions are:
Source: Tourisme Laval.<ref name="tourismelaval">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
SportEdit
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Laval was the host-city of the "Jeux du Québec" held in summer 1991 and of the Canadian Hockey League's 1994 Memorial Cup. Laval became home to the Montreal Canadiens' American Hockey League affiliate the Laval Rocket, starting in the 2017–18 season.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Team | Sport | League | Venue | Established | Disestablished | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Associés de Laval | Baseball | Ligue de Baseball Élite du Québec | Parc Montmorency | 1983 | 2015 | 5 |
| Sabercats Rive-Nord | Canadian football | Quebec Junior Football League | Parc Cartier | |||
| Laval Comets | Women's soccer | W-League | Centre Sportif Bois-de-Boulogne | 2006 | 2016 | 0 |
| Laval Dynamites | Association football | Canadian Soccer League | Centre Sportif Bois-de-Boulogne | 2001 | 2007 | 0 |
| Laval Rocket | Ice hockey | American Hockey League | Place Bell | 1969Template:Efn | 0 | |
| Les Pétroliers du Nord | Ice hockey | Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey | Colisée de Laval | 2018Template:Efn | 0 | |
| Montreal Roses FC | Women's soccer | Northern Super League | Centre Sportif Bois-de-Boulogne | 2023 | 0 | |
| Montréal Victoire | Ice hockey | Professional Women's Hockey League | Place Bell | 2023 | 0 |
GovernmentEdit
Municipal politicsEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
The city's longtime mayor, Gilles Vaillancourt, resigned on 9 November 2012, following allegations of corruption made against him in hearings of the provincial Charbonneau Commission.<ref>"Laval mayor resigns amid Montreal corruption scandal". Toronto Star, 9 November 2012.</ref> City councillor Basile Angelopoulos served as acting mayor<ref name=interim>"Laval searches for interim mayor". CBC News, 13 November 2012.</ref> until Alexandre Duplessis was selected in a council vote on 23 November.<ref>"Alexandre Duplessis elected new interim mayor of Laval". The Gazette, 23 November 2012.</ref> Duplessis, in turn, stepped down after just seven months in office after facing allegations of being implicated in a prostitution investigation;<ref name=gazette2>"Laval mayor Alexandre Duplessis resigns". The Gazette, 28 June 2013.</ref> he was succeeded by city councillor Martine Beaugrand until the city's new mayor, Marc Demers, was elected in the 2013 municipal election.
Past mayors have been:
- Jean-Noël Lavoie (founding mayor), 1965
- Jacques Tétreault, 1965–1973
- Lucien Paiement, 1973–1981
- Claude Lefebvre, 1981–1989
- Gilles Vaillancourt, 1989–2012
- Alexandre Duplessis, 2012–2013
- Martine Beaugrand, 2013
- Marc Demers, 2013–2021
- Stéphane Boyer, 2021–present
On 3 June 2013, the provincial government of Pauline Marois placed the city under trusteeship due to the ongoing corruption scandal affecting the city.<ref name=trustee>"Quebec premier calls Laval trusteeship 'terrible, disheartening, sadTemplate:'". The Globe and Mail, 3 June 2013.</ref> Florent Gagné, a former head of the Sûreté du Québec, will serve as the city's head trustee, with responsibility for reviewing and approving or rejecting all decisions made by city council.<ref name=trustee /> Municipal Affairs Minister Sylvain Gaudreault said that Laval's Mayor Alexandre Duplessis and his council will continue to serve, but council decisions must be approved by the trustees.<ref>Quebec orders Laval under trusteeship. CBC News, 3 June 2013.</ref> Duplessis, in turn, resigned as mayor on 28 June 2013, after being implicated in a separate prostitution allegation.<ref name="gazette2"/>
Flag, seal and mottoEdit
On a white-yellow background, the emblem of Laval illustrates the modernism of a city in full expansion. The sign of the city symbolizes the "L" of Laval.
The colours also have a significant meaning:
- Dark red represents the affluence and economic potential of Laval.
- Blue symbolizes the quality of life and the installation of a human city.
The "L" of Laval is made of cubes that represent the development of Laval.
The letters of the Laval signature are related one to the other to point out the merger of the 14 municipalities of Jesus island in 1965.
The logo (that is on the flag) has existed since the 1980s and the flag since the 1990s.<ref name="logolaval">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Federal and provincial politicsEdit
| CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Year | CAQ | Liberal | QC solidaire | Parti Québécois | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour| | 2022 | Template:Canadian party colour | 33% | 64,625 | Template:Canadian party colour | 30% | 59,888 | Template:Canadian party colour | 12% | 24,633 | Template:Canadian party colour | 11% | 21,448 | |
| 2018 | Template:Canadian party colour | 32% | 62,520 | Template:Canadian party colour | 37% | 71,677 | Template:Canadian party colour | 12% | 23,747 | Template:Canadian party colour | 13% | 25,430 | ||
| rowspan="1" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: Template:Canadian party colour| | 2014 | Template:Canadian party colour | 18% | 39,560 | Template:Canadian party colour | 53% | 118,235 | Template:Canadian party colour | 5% | 10,904 | Template:Canadian party colour | 23% | 51,535 | |
Federally, prior to 1984 Laval had been a bastion of Liberal support. From 1984 to 1993 the Conservative dominated Laval but have not won a seat since.Since the 90's Laval has been a battleground area between the Quebec separatist parties (the Bloc Québécois federally and the Parti Québécois provincially) and the federalist parties (various parties federally and the Quebec Liberal Party provincially). In 2011, amid an NDP surge in the province they swept all 4 seats in Laval for the first and only time. Since the 2015 election the Liberals have held all seats.
Provincially the other parts of Laval have drifted to the provincial Liberals in recent years. While the PQ held every Laval riding except Chomedey (which voted overwhelmingly to not separate in the 1995 Quebec referendum) during their second stint in government between 1994 and 2003. The Liberals won every Laval riding in 2003, 2007, and 2008. During the 2012 election, the PQ saw some gains in Laval when they captured 2 seats, but both returned to the Liberal fold during the 2014 election. During the 2018 election amid a rise of the CAQ, the Liberals held their own in the Laval losing only 1 seat to the CAQ. In the 2022 election the CAQ captured 3 more seats in Laval netting them 4 out of 6 seats and ending the dominance of the Liberals in Laval since the 2003 election. The Conservative Party of Quebec saw its vote share jump from just under 2% in 2018 to third place with just under 13%.
InfrastructureEdit
RoadsEdit
- Highways
- A-13 (Chomedey Highway) – Montreal to Boisbriand
- A-15 (Laurentian Highway) – New York state to Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts
- A-19 (Papineau Highway) – Montreal to Boulevard Dagenais, continues as Route 335 to Bois-des-Filion and beyond
- A-25 – Boucherville to Saint-Esprit via Montreal and the A-440 (Laval)
- A-440 (Autoroute Jean-Noël-Lavoie) – Laval
- Provincial routes
- Route 117 – Montreal to Ontario Highway 66 past Rouyn-Noranda
- Route 125 – Montreal to Saint-Donat
- Route 148 – Laval to Pembroke, Ontario
- Route 335 – Montreal to the Lanaudière region past Saint-Calixte
- Incidents
- 2000 Boulevard du Souvenir overpass collapse: On 18 June 2000, during renovations to the Souvenir Boulevard overpass over Highway 15, the southern section collapsed onto the highway, causing the death of one person.<ref name="souvenircollapse">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="souveniroverpasscollapse">Template:Cite news</ref>
- De la Concorde Overpass collapse: On 30 September 2006, the De la Concorde overpass over Autoroute 19 suddenly collapsed killing five people.<ref name="overpasscollapse">Template:Cite news</ref>
Public transitEdit
- Montreal Metro
In April 2007, the Montreal Metro was extended to Laval with three stations. The long-awaited stations were begun in 2003 and completed in April 2007, two months ahead of the revised schedule, at a cost of C$803 million, funded entirely by the Quebec government. The stations are Cartier, De La Concorde, and Montmorency. The arrival of the Metro in Laval was long-awaited as it was first promised in the 1960s.Template:Citation needed Former mayor, Gilles Vaillancourt, announced his wish to loop the Orange line from Montmorency to Côte-Vertu stations with the addition of six new stations (three in Laval and another three in Montreal). He proposed that Transports Quebec, the provincial transport department, set aside C$100 million annually to fund the project, which was expected to cost upwards of $1.5 billion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
- Commuter rail
The Exo public transit agency's Saint-Jérôme commuter train line traverses the island, connecting Laval to downtown Montreal. There are currently three train stations in Laval: De la Concorde (an intermodal station offering transfer to the metro), Vimont and Sainte-Rose.
The Deux-Montagnes commuter train line served the western tip of Laval until it was closed on 31 December 2020. Work is underway to replace it with the Réseau express métropolitain (REM) light metro system.
- Buses
The Société de transport de Laval (STL) provides local bus service in Laval. The STL's network consists of 35 regular lines, two rush hour lines, two trainbus lines, three express lines, one community circuit and several taxi lines.
There are reserved lanes for buses and taxis on Chomedey Blvd between Le Carrefour Blvd and the Des Prairies River (Lachapelle Bridge) and beyond as well as along boulevard des Laurentides between rue Proulx and boulevard Cartier (the reserved lane, in this case for buses only, continues onto the Pont Viau bridge into Montreal until the Terminus Laval at the Henri-Bourassa Metro station). Most buses that use the reserved lane end their journey at the Cartier Metro station. The AMT and the City of Laval have developed reserved bus and taxi lanes on Notre-Dame Boulevard between Vincent Massey Street and Place Alton-Goldbloom and another on De la Concorde Blvd between De l'Avenir and Laval Blvds, as well as between Ampere Ave and Roanne St. These reserved lanes (Notre-Dame and De la Concorde are the same boulevard but change name where they meet under Autoroute 15) opened shortly after 31 October 2007.
EducationEdit
Laval is home to a variety of vocational/technical centres, colleges and universities, including:
The city has two separate school boards serving Laval: the Centre de services scolaire de Laval (formerly the Commission scolaire de Laval) for French-speaking students and the Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board for English-speaking students. There is one community English-language high school in the city: Laval Senior Academy, created on 1 July 2015 by the merger of Laval Liberty High School and Laurier Senior High School.<ref>"About Us." Laval Senior Academy. Retrieved on 4 September 2017.</ref>
North Star Academy Laval is the only private English high school in Laval. They offer secondary 1 to 5 and the possibility to do a grade 12 diploma from Ontario via their online platform.Template:Citation needed
MediaEdit
Laval is served by media from Montreal, however it does have some of its own regional media outlets.
Two radio stations are licensed to serve the city: CJLV 1570 AM "Radio Mieux-être" (formerly CFAV) and CFGL 105.7 FM "Rythme FM".
Additionally, there are three major newspapers in Laval: the bi-weekly English-language The Laval News, the bi-weekly French-language Le Courrier Laval and the weekly French-language L'Écho de Laval.
One television community channel operates on Laval's territory, Télévision régionale de Laval, as part of Videotron cable's VOX network.
Sister citiesEdit
Template:See also Laval is twinned with:<ref name=twins>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col
- Template:Flagicon Botoșani, Romania
- Template:Flagicon Klagenfurt, Austria
- Template:Flagicon Laval, France
- Template:Flagicon Nice, France
- Template:Flagicon Pedro Aguirre Cerda, Chile
- Template:Flagicon Ribeira Grande, Portugal
- Template:Flagicon San Salvador, El Salvador
Friendship and cooperationEdit
Laval also cooperates with:<ref name=twins/> Template:Div col
- Template:Flagicon Grenoble, France
- Template:Flagicon Mudanjiang, China
- Template:Flagicon Padua Province, Italy
- Template:Flagicon Petah Tikva, Israel
- Template:Flagicon Saskatoon, Canada
See alsoEdit
- Bibliothèque de Laval
- List of crossings of the Rivière des Mille Îles
- List of crossings of the Rivière des Prairies
- List of people from Laval, Quebec
- List of Quebec regions
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Laval, Quebec Template:Greater Montreal Template:Subdivisions of Quebec Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis Template:Authority control