Lavandula stoechas

Lavandula stoechas, the Spanish lavender or topped lavender (U.S.) or French lavender (U.K.),<ref name = RHSAZ/> is a species of lavender native to the Mediterranean Basin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Page needed

Taxonomy

The flower was first recorded by Greek botanist Pedanius Dioscorides as the name {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} stoikhas<ref name="GEL">Template:Cite dictionary</ref> coming from the Stoechades Islands, the Greek name became its specific epithet.<ref name="Lis">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="RHSLG">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Page needed

Subspecies

The recognised subspecies are:

• L. stoechas ssp. luisieri, native to the southwest quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula (southern Portugal and southwest Spain). It has lanceolate axilary leaves that are much larger than those of the nominal subspecies, along with a greyish indumentum (opposing the whitish indumentum of the nominal subspecies).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Description

It is an evergreen shrub that usually grows to between Template:Convert tall, but occasionally up to Template:Convert tall in the subspecies L. stoechas subsp. luisieri. Its leaves are 1–4 cm long, greyish and tomentose. The inflorescence is crowned by a mass of purple elongated ovoid bracts about 5 cm long. Lower flowers form a tight rectangle in cross-section. The upper of the five teeth has a wrong-heart-shaped appendage. The crown is blackish-violet, up to 8 mm long and indistinct two-lipped.

The flowers, which appear in late spring and early summer, are pink to purple, produced on spikes 2 cm long at the top of slender, leafless stems Template:Convert long; each flower is subtended by a bract 4–8 mm long. At the top of the spike are a number of much larger, sterile bracts (no flowers between them), 10–50 mm long and bright lavender purple (rarely white). It blooms in spring and early summer, from the month of March in its native habitat, depending on the climate in which it grows.<ref name="Upson and Andrews">Upson and Andrews; The Genus Lavandula</ref>

Cultivation

This species is more tender than common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), being less frost-resistant, but harsher and more resinous in its oils. Like other lavenders, it is associated with hot, dry, sunny conditions in alkaline soils. However, it tolerates a range of situations, though it may be short-lived. Hardy down to Template:Convert<ref name = RHSAZ>Template:Cite book</ref> (USDA zones 8–10).

The following cultivars have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• 'Ballerina'<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 'Pretty Polly' <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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• 'Willow Vale'<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Other uses

The flowers are used in aromatherapy to prepare infusions and essential oils that contain ketones (d-camphor and d-fenchone) and alcohols (borneol and terpineol).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Invasive species

Since its introduction into Australia, it has become an invasive species, widely distributed within the continent. It has been declared a noxious weed in Victoria since 1920. It also is regarded as a weed in parts of Spain.<ref>Csurches S., Edwards R.; National Weeds Program, Potential Environmental Weeds in Australia, Candidate Species for Preventative Control; Queensland Department of Natural Resources. January 1998 Template:ISBN</ref>

Gallery

• Lavandula-stoechas-habitat2.JPG

  Wild L. stoechas

• Lavandula stoechas 1.JPG

  Wild in Ceuta, Spain

• Lavandula stoechas l.JPG

  Subspecies luisieri

• Lavanda papillon.jpg

  Italy

• Spanish festoon (Zerynthia rumina) underside.jpg

  with Spanish festoon (Zerynthia rumina)